what is rfid?business.baylor.edu/pedro_reyes/rfid symposium 2007...power up spectrum analyzer and...
TRANSCRIPT
What is RFID?
Lisa Petrini
A Tool
Real-time Information
Monitor Assets
Remove Human Interaction
Serialize Data
What is in it for my organization?
Reduced Costs
Improved Quality
Improved Customer Satisfaction
Show me the money!
Toyota– Beat General Motors
– March 2007 13.7 billion Profit
GM1.97 billion (Loss)
12.61 billion (Loss)
– 1970: 2% MS. 2006: 13%
HBR,July-August 2007
Do they use RFID?
“let us not focus on developing low-cost
automobiles; let us develop technologies and
processes that will allow Toyota to
manufacture all our vehicles at lower costs.”
-Katsuaki Watanabe, CEO, Toyota
HBR, July-August 2007
More Specifically, What is it?
A network of Interrogation Zones.
Interrogation Zone Components
Environment
Physics
Hardware
Middleware
Application
Environment
Ever Changing
Different environments within the
organization
Changes in processes or products alter
accuracy of equipment
Physics
Frequency
– Crest to crest
Resonance
– coupling
Hardware
Transponder (Tag)
Antenna
Transceiver (Reader)
Transponder: Tag
Microchip
antennas
Antenna
Wakes up chip
Reads/writes information to/from transponder
Transceiver: Reader
Filters duplicates
Back chatter
Collects reads
Transmits to a reader interface platform
Reader Interface Layer: Middleware
Route/integrate data to existing SCM, ERP,
WMS, or CRM systems.
Partner Integration
Components of an Interrogation Zone
Insert diagram including the middleware
Application/Utilization/Expansion
Big Picture/Details
– One node at a time
– Expansion to entire organization
Where to start?
1. Develop a cross functional team
2. Map business processes
3. Evaluate physical infrastructure
4. Evaluate IT infrastructure
Cross-Functional Team
Engineers
Electricians
Maintenance Dept.
Operations
Information Technology
Map Business Processes
Raw goods, distribution channels, and asset
management
Automate human tasks
Eliminate errors
Real-time data capture
Physical Infrastructure
Relocate equipment
Antenna design
Hand held readers or conveyer belt readers
IT Infrastructure
Existing Enterprise Systems
Power supplies
Backups
Maintenance procedures
Developing your RFID
A Site Assessment
Lab
Reader selection
Reader Interface selection
Site Assessment
Site Assessment
– Identify possible sources of Ambient
Electromagnetic Noise (AEN)
– Remove the source or work around it.
– Full Faraday Cycle Analysis
Spectrum Analyzer
¼ or ½ wave dipole antenna and ground
plate
Site Assessment
Tripod Stand
Laptop Computer
Full Faraday Cycle Test
Set up dipole antenna on ground plane and
attach to tripod so you are in the center of
the target area.
Connect the above to the spectrum
analyzer with a coax cable.
Full Faraday Cycle Test
Attach the laptop with a Ethernet cable and
power up.
Power up spectrum analyzer and tune it to
center frequency of 915 MHz. Set the span
to 60 MHz. Set resolution bandwidth to
100kHz. Set video bandwidth to 30 kHz.
Set amplitude attenuation to 0dB. Turn on
maximum hold.
Full Faraday Cycle Test
Identifies ambient electromagnetic noise.
Log for the full business cycle
Create real situations that occur
Full Faraday Cycle Test
Map out interrogation zones on CAD drawings or blueprints
To be proactive do the same set-up but in a mobile situation and test the facility watching for noise. This will allow for addition of more nodes later
Add all possible business processes to your test. Remove or work around possible interferences.
Design your Interrogation Zone
Propagate RF waves
Contour map
Propagate and Map
NEED:
Spectrum analyzer
Signal generator
Polarized UHF antenna
¼ wave dipole &
ground plate
Two tripod stands
Laptop computer
What it does:
Tells how well RF wave
travels back to be
heard by reader’s
antennas.
Facilitates choosing,
configuring, and testing
readers.
Lab Choices
Third-party lab
Build your own in-house lab; core
competency
Hybrid
Reasons for a Lab
Antenna Patterning Test
Reader Performance Test
SKU testing
Tag Characterization Test
Tag Testing
Placement
Tag type
Interaction
Start on high power and gradually reduce.
Map results on a matrix for later comparison.
Tag
Encoding Data:
Preapplication
Post-application
Application:
Manual
Automated
Inline
Reader Selection
Determine costs involved
Test reader performance
Assess connectivity
Middleware Selection
Reader and device management
Data management
Application integration
Partner integration
Middleware Selection
Process management and application
development
Packaging RFID content
Architecture scalability and administration
Middleware success
Understand physics then design middleware
around your infrastructure
Now you know…
What it is
Basics of how to
You have some decisions to make.
What components?
Where to implement?
What design?
The most important decision?
WHEN