what is scientific writing? chapter 1. what is scientific writing? communication of data in a...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What Is Scientific Writing?
Chapter 1
![Page 2: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What Is Scientific Writing?
•Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner
•Audience understanding is critical
• In science, this can be difficult because you are saying something for the very first time
• You are contributing new knowledge to the scientific community
![Page 3: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner (cont.)
• You must avoid verbosity (literary embellishments)
• Metaphors - using a word as something it’s not
• “The curtain of night”
• Similes - comparing one thing to another
• “Heart as big as a whale’s”
• Idioms - nonliteral use of a word
• “She caught his eye”
• Be economical (clear and simple) in your writing; the concepts are difficult enough
What Is Scientific Writing?
![Page 4: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Historical Perspectives
• In the “early” days of science (centuries ago), scientific writing was descriptive
• The scientific method (hypothesis testing) had not been developed
• Scientists were interested in describing their surrounding world
•As science progressed (1800s) descriptive writing was still employed, despite the development of the scientific method
•As a result, it was often difficult to repeat experiments performed by others
![Page 5: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Historical Perspectives•After World War II scientific research was
expanded dramatically
• The development of new weapons, principally the atomic bomb, stimulated this growth
• In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik
• The launch of Sputnik led to a national security crisis• It was now conceivable that nuclear weapons could be delivered
by space vehicles (30 min to target)
• For the first time in U. S. history, a President (Eisenhower) conducted a live address to the nation about a scientific topic
![Page 6: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Historical Perspectives
• Eisenhower’s administration collected the various Federal scientific funding agencies into large groups
•National Institutes of Health
•National Science Foundation
•National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Funding for scientific research and education expanded exponentially
• This led to a surge in the amount of data generated by the scientific communities
• Journals were inundated with manuscripts - still written in descriptive form
![Page 7: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Historical Perspectives
•Because of this increase in manuscript submissions, journal editors had to devise a new system to reduce the verbosity of descriptive writing
• IMRAD
• Introduction - What is the problem?
•Materials and Methods - How was the problem addressed?
•Results - What was found?
•And Discussion - What does it mean?
![Page 8: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Historical Perspectives
• The IMRAD (or IRDAM) system is now nearly universally adopted by journals
• The result has been force economy in writing
• The style and format of articles are identical, thus provide more efficient review and analysis
• The replication of experiments by other investigators has become easier
![Page 9: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 1. What Is Scientific Writing? Communication of data in a concise and meaningful manner Audience understanding is](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102718/56649f295503460f94c433cb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)