what is task-based reading? structure: a short passage 500words or so a chart 10 blanks you need to...
TRANSCRIPT
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任 务 型 阅 读任 务 型 阅 读
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What is task-based reading? (任务型阅读)
• Structure:
a short passage ( 500words or so )+ a chart ( 10 blanks )
• 图表中既有直接用文章中的单词或短语作答的空格;( You need to change the forms if necessary )
• 也有通过概括 (summarizing) 和推理 (reasoning) 获得答案,用文章以外的词汇或短语作答的空格。
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任务型阅读的三种类型:信息捕捉题、信息组织题、信息综合题信息捕捉题的解题方法:第一步:读表:看结构,猜大意。(认真分析各行或者各列的提示语之间的 关系,预测文章的行文方式)第二步:定位:据题干,来定位。(要将每一道题目的关键词定位于原文中的某一句话中;题目的出题顺序和文章的行文顺序基本一致)
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第三步:替换:依语境,巧替换。定位之后通过替换的方式得出答案。高考任务型阅读中替换的有 2 种方式。 原文照抄 71 、 72 、 73 、 74 、 75 、
77
词性转换 76 responsible --
responsibility
80 evaluation-- evaluate
词组的替换 79 unexpected--- in case
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20102010 年任务型阅读题年任务型阅读题文体:科技论文文体:科技论文长度: 长度: 569 ( 09569 ( 09 :: 567 /08: 428)567 /08: 428)阅读能力考查:理解、筛选、整合、阅读能力考查:理解、筛选、整合、 综合综合、、 概括等能力概括等能力词汇:词汇:
1 1 注释词汇:注释词汇: compass (指南针) magnet (磁体) navigate (航海)2 超纲词汇: pigeon, honeybee, migrate, block, magnetite, stuff, marsh, magnetite, magnetometer 3 八级词汇: swing, bacteria, bacterium,
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任务型阅读的文章结构与重点句
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TitleTitle
Beginning para.Beginning para.
Body para. 1Body para. 1
Body para. 2Body para. 2
Body para. 3Body para. 3
Concluding para.Concluding para.
general statementgeneral statementtopic statementtopic statement(hook)(hook)
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TitleTitle
Beginning para.Beginning para.
Body para. 1Body para. 1
Body para. 2Body para. 2
Body para. 3Body para. 3
Concluding para.Concluding para.
topic sentencetopic sentencesupporting sentencessupporting sentences
general statementgeneral statementtopic statementtopic statement(hook)(hook)
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TitleTitle
Beginning para.Beginning para.
Body para. 1Body para. 1
Body para. 2Body para. 2
Body para. 3Body para. 3
Concluding para.Concluding para. concluding sentenceconcluding sentence
topic sentencetopic sentencesupporting sentencessupporting sentences
general statementgeneral statementtopic statementtopic statement(hook)(hook)
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任务型阅读解题思考的三种逻辑方式
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表格中要求填写的词表格中要求填写的词
1 1 原文中有 原文中有 ------------ 直接能找到;直接能找到;2 2 原文中有 原文中有 ------------ 但需要改变词形;但需要改变词形;33 原文中没有 原文中没有 ------------ 需要根据全文或上下文需要根据全文或上下文 的逻辑关系综合推断的逻辑关系综合推断
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1 1 原文有原文有 ---------- 直接能找到(共直接能找到(共 66题)题)
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1
• Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74) even under cloudy skies.
• But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies .
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2
• The (75) experiments on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses.
• One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their magnetic sense…
• Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees .
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3
• Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76) block their magnetic sense.
• One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their magnetic sense.
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4
• The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) cloudy days.
• Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going . But on cloudy days…
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5
• Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) north .
• He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in one direction—north .
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6
• Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) brain inside their bodies.
• In each animal , except for the bee . the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain .
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2 2 原文中有原文中有 ------------ 但需要改变词但需要改变词形形
(共(共 22 题)题)
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1
• Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) swinging magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.
• So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south .
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2
• One piece of evidence is the (73) migration of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes.
• Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes .
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33 原文中没有原文中没有 ------------ 需要根据全文或上下需要根据全文或上下文文
的逻辑关系综合推断的逻辑关系综合推断 (共(共 22 题)题)
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1
• (72) Based on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.
• One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass( 指南针 ) .
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2
• The (78) discovery of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass
• By using a special instrument called magnetometer ,scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds , and even in fish . In each animal , except for the bee, the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain .
• Thus,the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable .
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逻 辑 关 系 逻 辑 关 系 6--16--1
OppositionOpposition
AdditionAddition
Cause and effectCause and effect
ComparisonComparison
ContrastContrast
ConditionCondition
but,although, despite the fact that,however, nevertheless,despite, in spite of…
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逻 辑 关 系 逻 辑 关 系 6--26--2
OppositionOpposition
AdditionAddition
Cause and effectCause and effect
ComparisonComparison
ContrastContrast
ConditionCondition
alsoin addition, furthermore, moreover, not only...but also in addition to, along with, as well as…
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逻 辑 关 系 逻 辑 关 系 6--36--3
OppositionOpposition
AdditionAddition
Cause and effectCause and effect
ComparisonComparison
ContrastContrast
ConditionCondition
for , so ,because, since,therefore, as a result, consequently,because of, due to, as a result of…
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逻 辑 关 系 逻 辑 关 系 6--46--4
OppositionOpposition
AdditionAddition
Cause and effectCause and effect
ComparisonComparison
ContrastContrast
ConditionCondition
and...too. just as. similarly, in comparison, like, similar to…
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逻 辑 关 系 逻 辑 关 系 6--56--5
OppositionOpposition
AdditionAddition
Cause and effectCause and effect
ComparisonComparison
ContrastContrast
ConditionCondition
but, whereas, while, in contrast, on the other hand, unlike…
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逻 辑 关 系 逻 辑 关 系 6 --66 --6
OppositionOpposition
AdditionAddition
Cause and effectCause and effect
ComparisonComparison
ContrastContrast
ConditionCondition
if, unless, only if, even if, otherwise…
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introduction ( 介绍 / 导入 ) definition (定义) theme, title, topic (主题) characters, characteristics/features
advantages, disadvantages, likes and dislikes
attitude, opinions, comments( 评论 )
advice/suggestions/tips,
conclusion( 总结 ) , solutions, decisions
积累常用词
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problems, efforts/measures (措施) ways, methods, means purposes/ aims/goals result/consequence causes/reasons importance, differences process/ procedures (过程,步骤) accounts/descriptions, activities sources (来源) , functions (功能)…
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For example:
(原文) Most workers were in favor of the decision.
(习题) Most workers __________the decision.
supported
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He saw something strange.
He caught ____ of something strange.
They decided to end the war.
They made a _________that the war should ________.
改变词性
sight
decisioncome to an end