what is tb? what happens to the body when

8/14/2019 What is TB? What Happens to the Body When

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg


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What is TB?

What happens to the body whena person gets TB?

How does a person gets TB?

What are the symptoms of TB?

CONTENT


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What is a tuberculosis? Tuberculosis(TB)is an infectious diseasecaused by bacteria whose scientific nameis Mycobacterium tuberculosis .It was firstIsolated in 1882 by a German physiciannamed Robert Koch who received theNobel prize for this discovery . TB mostcommonly affects the lungs but also can

involve almost any organ of body.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RobertKoch.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RobertKoch.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RobertKoch.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RobertKoch.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RobertKoch.jpg


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body when a person

gets TB?When the inhaled tuberculosis bacteria enter

the lungs , they can multiply and cause a locallung infection(pneumonia).The local lymphnodes associated with the lungs may alsobecome involved with the infection and usuallybecome enlarged .The hilar lymph nodes(thelymph nodes adjacent to the heart in the

central part of the chest)are often involved.


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In addition , TB can spread to other parts of body. Thebodys immune(defense)system , however ,can flight off theinfection and stop the bacteria from spreading . The immunesystem does so ultimately by forming scar tissue around the

TB bacteria and isolating it from the rest of the body .Tuberculosis that occurs after initial exposure to the bacteriais often referred to as primary TB . If the body is able to formscar tissue(fibrosis)around the TB bacteria , then the infectionis contained in


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an inactive state . Such an individual typically has nosymptoms and cannot spread TB to other people .

The scar tissue and lymph nodes may eventually harden ,like stone , due to the process of calcification of the scars

(deposition of calcium from the bloodstream in the scartissue).These scars often appear on x-ray, and imagingstudies like round marbles and are referred to as a glanuloma. If these scars do not show any evidence of calcium on x-ray ,they can be difficult to distinquish from cancer .


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Sometimes , however , the bodys immune system becomeweakened , and the TB bacteria break through the scartissue and can cause active disease , referred to asreactivation of tuberculosis or secondary TB . For example,the immune system can be weakened by old age ,thedevelopment of another infection or cancer, or certainmedications such as cortisone , anticancer drugs ,or certainmedications used to treat arthritis or


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inflammatory bowel disease. The break through of bacteriacan result in a recurrence of the pneumonia and a spread ofTB to other locations of body . The kidneys , bone and liningof the brain and(meninges)are the most common sites

affected by the spread of TB beyond the lungs . It is told thatthese patients would throw waste away . Today of coursetuberculosis can be treated successfully with antibiotics.


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There is also a group of organisms referred to as a typicaltuberculosis. These involves other type of bacteria that are in theMycobacterium family. Often ,these organisms do not cause diseaseand are referred to as colonizers. At times, these bacteria can causean infection that is sometimes clinically like typical tuberculosis. When

these typical mycobacteria cause infection , they are often verydifficult to cure. Often , drug therapy for these organisms must beadministrated for one and a half to two years and require multiplemeditations.

TB?


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TB?A person can become infected with tuberculosis bacteria

when he or she inhales minute particles of in the bacteria

get into the air when someone who has a tuberculosislung infection coughs, sneezes, shouts, or spits (which iscommon in some cultures). People who are nearby canthen possibly breathe the bacteria into their lungs. Youdon't get TB by just touching the clothes or shaking the

hands of someone who is infected. Tuberculosis is spread(transmitted) primarily from person to


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person by breathing infected air during close contact.There is a form of atypical tuberculosis, however, that istransmitted by drinking unpasteurized milk. Relatedbacteria, called Mycobacterium bovis, cause this form of

TB. Previously, this type of bacteria was a major cause ofTB in children, but it rarely causes TB now since mostmilk is pasteurized fected sputum from the air.


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What are the symptoms oftuberculosis?As previously mentioned , TB infection usually occursinitially in the upper part(lobe)of the lungs. The body,simmune system , however , can stop the bacteria fromcontinuing to reproduce. Thus , the immune system canmake the lung infection (dormant). On the other hand , if

the body,s immune system cannot contain the TBbacteria will reproduce(become active or reactive)in thelungs and spread elsewhere in the body.


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It may take months from the time the infection initially gets intothe lungs until symptoms developed . The usual symptoms thatoccur with an active TB infection are a generalised tiredness orweakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats . If the infection inthe lung worsens, then further symptoms can include coughing,

chest pain, coughing upof sputum(material from the lungs) and/orblood, and shortness of breath. If the infection spreads beyond thelungs, the symptoms will depend upon the organs involved.


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AKSHAY KANNAN

ATHUL E.P

ABHILASHFARHAN

VAISHNAV

REMYA RAVI

JUHI

ROSHNI


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what is tb? what happens to the body when

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