what is the content of “design thinking”? design heuristics as conceptual repertoire
TRANSCRIPT
What is the Content of “DESIGN THINKING”?
Design Heuristics as Conceptual Repertoire
Colin M. Gray1, Colleen M. Seifert2, Seda Yilmaz1, Shanna R. Daly2, & Richard Gonzalez2
1 Iowa State University; 2 University of Michigan
What is a designer thinking about when engaged in DESIGN THINKING?
What is a designer thinking about when engaged in DESIGN THINKING?
SCOPE GENERATE EVALUATE REALIZE
IDEA GENERATION
Design Heuristics
• Captures the ways that designers modify product concepts
• Based on observed patterns of conceptual development in empirical studies of past product designs (e.g., Daly et al., 2012; Yilmaz & Seifert, 2010; Yilmaz et al., 2011)
Design HeuristicsUtilize opposite surface 76
Create a distinction between exterior and interior, front and back, or bottom and top. Make use of both surfaces for complimentary or different functions. This can increase efficiency in the use of surfaces and materials, or facilitate a new way to achieve a function.
© Design Heuristics, LLC 2012
Utilize opposite surface 76
FARALLON CHAIRfuseprojectThe back side of this chair has a pocket for storage.
980 TATOUAnnika LuberThe laces wrap around the bottom of this shoe and connect with the sole.
Other Ideation Methods• Represented as abstract principles or framing
guidelines (e.g., Synectics, SCAMPER)
• More specific about tradeoffs in designed artifacts (e.g., TRIZ)
• Design Heuristics captures strategic knowledge about how to generate alternative concepts, grounded in precedent artifacts and design activity
(Löwgren, 2013, p. 32)
(Löwgren, 2013, p. 32)
“more abstracted than particular instances, yet does not aspire to the
generality of a theory” (Höök & Löwgren, 2012)
(Löwgren, 2013, p. 32)
(Löwgren, 2013, p. 33)
(Löwgren, 2013, p. 33)
Intermediate-Level Knowledge
Designing Through Gambit
REPERTOIRE
Designing Through Gambit
lived experiences
precedents
cognitive schema[generative metaphors]
REPERTOIRE
DISCIPLINARY CANON
INDIVIDUALREPERTOIRE
INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL CONCEPT BUILT FROM PRECEDENT
DISCIPLINARY CANON
INDIVIDUALREPERTOIRE
INTERNAL COHERENCE OF PATTERN
DESIGN HEURISTICS AS CONCEPTUAL REPERTOIRE
Utilize opposite surface 76
Create a distinction between exterior and interior, front and back, or bottom and top. Make use of both surfaces for complimentary or different functions. This can increase efficiency in the use of surfaces and materials, or facilitate a new way to achieve a function.
© Design Heuristics, LLC 2012
Utilize opposite surface 76
FARALLON CHAIRfuseprojectThe back side of this chair has a pocket for storage.
980 TATOUAnnika LuberThe laces wrap around the bottom of this shoe and connect with the sole.
Utilize opposite surface 76
Create a distinction between exterior and interior, front and back, or bottom and top. Make use of both surfaces for complimentary or different functions. This can increase efficiency in the use of surfaces and materials, or facilitate a new way to achieve a function.
© Design Heuristics, LLC 2012
Utilize opposite surface 76
FARALLON CHAIRfuseprojectThe back side of this chair has a pocket for storage.
980 TATOUAnnika LuberThe laces wrap around the bottom of this shoe and connect with the sole.
CURATED PRECEDENT ARTIFACTS
Utilize opposite surface 76
FARALLON CHAIRfuseprojectThe back side of this chair has a pocket for storage.
980 TATOUAnnika LuberThe laces wrap around the bottom of this shoe and connect with the sole.
Utilize opposite surface 76
Create a distinction between exterior and interior, front and back, or bottom and top. Make use of both surfaces for complimentary or different functions. This can increase efficiency in the use of surfaces and materials, or facilitate a new way to achieve a function.
© Design Heuristics, LLC 2012
INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT BUILDING ON PRECEDENT
CURATORIAL QUALITY
Utilize opposite surface 76
Create a distinction between exterior and interior, front and back, or bottom and top. Make use of both surfaces for complimentary or different functions. This can increase efficiency in the use of surfaces and materials, or facilitate a new way to achieve a function.
© Design Heuristics, LLC 2012
DESIGNER DESIGN HEURISTIC
CREATIVE IDEA
imagines a gambit
to form a solution space
Utilize opposite surface 76
Create a distinction between exterior and interior, front and back, or bottom and top. Make use of both surfaces for complimentary or different functions. This can increase efficiency in the use of surfaces and materials, or facilitate a new way to achieve a function.
© Design Heuristics, LLC 2012
DISCIPLINARY CANON
DISCIPLINARY CANON
Scaffolding of Design Cognition1. Build students’ knowledge of curated intermediate-level concepts
(e.g., Design Heuristics) alongside organic idea generation
2. Instructionally relate intermediate-level concepts to the design artifacts being generated
3. Transfer of the intermediate-level knowledge to a new concept in a different context
4. Internalization of intermediate-level knowledge as a guiding pattern of internal coherence, organizing and growing conceptual repertoire
Utilize opposite surface 76
Create a distinction between exterior and interior, front and back, or bottom and top. Make use of both surfaces for complimentary or different functions. This can increase efficiency in the use of surfaces and materials, or facilitate a new way to achieve a function.
© Design Heuristics, LLC 2012
DISCIPLINARY CANON
DISCIPLINARY CANON
Design Heuristics can enable or hasten the learner’s trajectory in building awareness of expert-like practices
What is a designer thinking about when engaged in DESIGN THINKING?
DESIGN HEURISTICS create a conceptual bridge between
design theories and individual design precedents,
forming a body of intermediate-level
knowledge that is valuable in engineering design education and practice
Thank You This research is funded by the National Science Foundation, Division of Undergraduate Education, Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics (TUES Type II) Grants # 1323251 and #1322552.
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