what is this an example of? indo-european migrations: 4m-2m bce the middle east: “the crossroads...
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Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE
Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE
The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”
The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”
The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area
The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area
The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”
The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”
The Fertile CrescentThe Fertile Crescent
• Nomadic herders, ambitious invaders, and traders Nomadic herders, ambitious invaders, and traders easily overcame the few natural barriers across the easily overcame the few natural barriers across the Fertile Crescent. Fertile Crescent.
• --As a result, the region became a crossroads where As a result, the region became a crossroads where people and ideas met and mingledpeople and ideas met and mingled
• -Each new group that came, made its own -Each new group that came, made its own contributions to the region.contributions to the region.
SumeriansSumerians
SumerSumer
• The Sumerians were The Sumerians were polytheistic, what does this polytheistic, what does this mean???mean???
The First CitiesThe First Cities
• Sumerian cities were often rectangular in shape Sumerian cities were often rectangular in shape surrounded by high, wide walls surrounded by high, wide walls
• --the largest buildings were ziggurats the largest buildings were ziggurats which were pyramid temples that which were pyramid temples that soared towards the heavens.soared towards the heavens.
• -Rulers lived in magnificent palaces with spacious -Rulers lived in magnificent palaces with spacious courtyards courtyards
• -most people lived in tiny houses-most people lived in tiny houses
The Sumerian city-state of Ur contained an enormous mountain temple, known as a ziggurat, to honor the moon-
god, Nanna.
Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic
Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic
Enki
Enki
Innana
Innana
Anthropomorphic Gods
Anthropomorphic Gods
Mesopotamian TradeMesopotamian Trade
“The Cuneiform World”
“The Cuneiform World”
Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing
Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing
Cuneiform WritingCuneiform Writing
Deciphering Cuneiform
Deciphering Cuneiform
Sumerian ScribesSumerian Scribes
“Tablet House” “Tablet House”
Sumerian Cylinder Seals
Sumerian Cylinder Seals
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GilgameshGilgamesh
Gilgamesh Epic Tablet:Flood Story
Gilgamesh Epic Tablet:Flood Story
Ziggurat at UrZiggurat at Ur
Temple
“Mountain of the Gods”
Temple
“Mountain of the Gods”
Mesopotamian HarpMesopotamian Harp
GovernmentGovernment
• Sumer included many independent city-Sumer included many independent city-statesstates
• City-State City-State A city state was sovereign, A city state was sovereign, although many cities were joined in although many cities were joined in formal or informal leagues under a high formal or informal leagues under a high king.king.
• war leaders usually turned into rulerswar leaders usually turned into rulers
Board Game From UrBoard Game From Ur
Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills
at Ur
Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills
at Ur