what is urbanization?
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What is URBANIZATION?. p. 14 THE CHALLENGES OF URBANIZATION. Rapid urbanization occurred in the late 19 th century in the Northeast & Midwest Most immigrants settled in cities because of the available jobs & affordable housing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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What is URBANIZATION?
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p. 14 THE CHALLENGES OF URBANIZATION
• Rapid urbanization occurred in the late 19th century in the Northeast & Midwest
• Most immigrants settled in cities because of the available jobs & affordable housing
• By 1910, immigrants made up more than half the population of 18 major American cities
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MIGRATION FROM COUNTRY TO CITY
• Rapid improvements in farm technology (tractors, reapers, steel plows) made farming more efficient in the late 19th century
• It also meant less labor was needed to do the job
• Many rural people left for cities to find work- including almost ¼ million African AmericansDiscrimination and segregation were often
the reality for African Americans who migrated North
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URBAN PROBLEMS• Problems in American
cities in the late 19th and early 20th century included:
• Housing: overcrowded tenements were unsanitary
• Sanitation: garbage was often not collected, polluted air
Famous photographer Jacob Riis captured the struggle of living in crowded tenements
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URBAN PROBLEMS CONTINUED
• Transportation: Cities struggled to provide adequate transit systems
• Water: Without safe drinking water cholera and typhoid fever was common
• Crime: As populations increased thieves flourished
• Fire: Limited water supply and wooden structures combined with the use of candles led to many major urban fires – Chicago 1871 and San Francisco 1906 were two major fires
Harper’s Weekly image of Chicagoans fleeing the fire over the Randolph Street bridge in 1871
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PHOTOGRAPHER JACOB RIIS CAPTURED IMAGES OF THE CITY
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Jacob Riis
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Jacob Riis
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Jacob Riis
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Jacob Riis
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Jacob Riis
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Jacob Riis
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REFORMERS MOBILIZE• Jacob Riis was a reformer who
through his pictures hoped for change– he influenced many
• The Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through service to the poor
• Some reformers established Settlement Homes
• These homes provided a place to stay, classes, health care and other social services
• Jane Addams was the most famous member of the Settlement Movement (founded Hull House in Chicago)
Jane Addams and Hull House