what opportunities do new mapping technologies afford the architect and urban designer

8/9/2019 What Opportunities Do New Mapping Technologies Afford the Architect and Urban Designer

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Introduction

The opportunities which new mapping technologies afford the architect and the urban designer

throughout architectural practices offers the capabilities in decomposing the existing architectural

image to integrate the human interaction. Offering to the architect the possibility articulate the

mechanics of living, adapting to the technological environment while conceptualizing and

transferring the image of the nature to become the tool in organizing compositions and spaces in

interior, exterior and urban design for further generations.

The technological environment has provided to the architect the tools in developing the

architectural image by extending the image of architecture through various media and wired

capabilities.

The journey through which the architect and urban designer engages the user in developing the

space where the need of the individual requirements is reflect more and more the needs of

contemporary society. The new enhanced capabilities in software development provide to the

architected and urban designer the tools in developing extensive boundaries between communities

and social scenarios.

New enhanced material capabilities afford the architect to better structure the realm of possibilities, providing more interaction between nature and the built form, a jungle matrix through the

architectural image provided by the theories of Peter Eisenman, Antonio Saggio and Derick de

Kerchove, which will provide the analysis for the materials with memory capacity.

Man has built spaces, interpreted after the natural form, transferring the graphical reproduction of

the natural form into architectural form as described by the theories of David Gissen and the

conceptual thought of John Tierney and Dan O'Sullivan.


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Human interaction is essential for architect in developing spaces, such as the new mapping

technologies would inter-connect the mechanical and the computational generating new sets of

forms and surfaces articulated throughout dwellings and urban environments; structural thought

provided by Patrick Schumacher and Brett Steele from Architectural Association London and

related dwelling case studies of Le Corbusier.

Man within environment is developing extensive connections, which articulate through fields in

computer science and material sciences.

The cultivation of these environments with software capabilities offer to the architect the possibility

to read the requirements of the contemporary society by negotiating the boundaries between

communities and their particular interests, where the architectural image ties strong relations with

social communities and civic places. This offers to the architect and urban designer the possibility

in articulating the context of the social and civic places, where the cognitive perception of social

context and architectural image, becomes the tool of the architect to express the physical

environment where the users interact.

The methodology through which the architect engages the users in reflecting the mental space and

producing the visual structure is between the perception of the environment and the surroundings of

space. The interaction provides to the architect the tool to interact impressions, sensations, and

ideas. The expression of form becomes the image of the demarcation where the tools for the

architect enhance the journey through the physical environment.

The tools also connect species of the ecosystem, where the link has been somehow altered by thefast development of goods and services.

Mapping technologies brings to the architect the power to link the environment and the individual

to communities which define their activities and which interact together as a whole.

The integration of subsystems into ecosystem generates tools for the architect to exploit a better

understanding of the natural form and the built form, creating the symbiosis between these

environments, saving the costs in maintenance and


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Patrick Schumacher, Brett Steele and Peter Einsnman have developed the matrix where the jungle

becomes the environment for the architect and urban designer. The complexity of these jungles

projects to the architect the tools in investigations of complex forms.

Another urban development is analysed by the University of Tokyo, and on which senses of the

places become the realm of structural and functional understanding to bridge the tools for the

architect to cultivate architecture's other environments into integrated places, mapping and

integrating the architecture's environments into the whole building continuum.

The achievement of the architect reflects the capability of enhance mechanical power to read the

user requirements before building an environment. It offers the capability to enhance the physical

environment thro real-time integration and control.

Man and the technological environment

We cultivate and theorize our technological environment today in strange and

partial ways, without ever admitting to ourselves that this is what it is, an

environment. (Kwinter, Sanford 2007:18)

Architecture is the product of our imagination, as Leon van Schaik (2008) has mentioned,

architecture is a product of mental space, which brings together the world, to generate the

connections in developing extensive environments, in which we live and share as a community asFurion Barzon (2003) has mentioned.

The mental space is the place where man engages into the journey through space. Dan OSullivan

(1994) has mentioned, man would engage into its journey to constantly looking for points and

signage to interact with, engaging in connected relations between nature and the built environment,

engaging into matrix of possibilities as Peter Eisenman (2003) points out.

The journey offers the representation of the projected consciousness, in other terms the built


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reality, which is in fact a product of repetitive information packets interacting through the built

environment into one physical environment as Derrick de Kerchove (2001) points out.

The architecture of intelligence is the architecture of connectivity. It is the

architecture that brings together the three main spatial environments that we live in

and with today: mind, world and networks. (Derrick de Kerchove 2001:7)

The architectural image developed by interacting connections within our mental space becomes the

product in sensing the spatial environments, to become the main interaction into extending the

boundary of the architectural image, as Peter Eisenman (2003) has mentioned.

The projected image becomes the main spatial environment in which we live, and which is

transferring the mind, the world and the network into becoming the system of connection, as

Derrick de Kerchove (2001) has mentioned.

The architecture of intelligence, which engages into being the information package, embedded with

artificial networks, interpreted as infrastructure between physical and the virtual, as Peter Eisenman

(2003) points out.

Connected architecture tackles the management of thresholds and infrastructures

between first the physical and the virtual space, but ultimately also the thresholds

between mental and virtual spaces even as more and more designers are called upon

to interpret new cognitive possibilities. (Kerchove, de Derick 2001:18)

The projected image of architecture becomes the image of the intelligent architecture. It is

consisting of information clusters, which is connecting multiple instances of time between different

thresholds, between mental and virtual as Derrick de Kerchove (2001) points out, between solid and

fluid.


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FIG.1 Intelligent environment characteristics (Addington and Shcodek 2005)

The parameters of reasoning and evaluation as defined in Fig.1 reflect within our mental space

producing the visual structure, which is managing our view and our perception of the built

environment through the surrounding space. The interaction between space and the perception of

the build environment is developing the sensorial synthesis, as Paul Adam (2007) has mentioned,

'the sensorial synthesis is based and formed from patterns interacting impressions, sensations and

ideas'.

The sensorial synthesis is the organizational mechanism which is developed not only to give us the

sense of space, but also to place us inside, and outside the inhabited space, and in the atmosphere

within our physical environment, as shown in Fig.1. It constitutes models for implemented

awareness through the organizational mechanism.

The image of the building boundary as the demarcation between two different

environments defined as single states a homogeneous interior and an ambient

exterior could possibly be replaced by the idea of multiple energy environments

fluidly interacting with the moving body.


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(Addington and Shcodek 2005:8)

The building boundary of the built environment as Addington and Shcodek (2005) points out is the

demarcation between different homogeneous and ambient states of intersecting bodies through

space. The interaction generated by the moving body through this particular environment would

create multiple energy points, defined as environments which would fluidly interact with the

organizational components of the system

Man and the natural environment

In ecosystems, species' cooperation and competition are interlinked and held in

balance so that the system permits independent activity on the part of each individual

of a species, yet cooperatively meshes the activity patterns of all species.

(Yang, Ken 2006:51)

As Ken Yang (2008) has mentioned, species of the ecosystem are interlinked by their individual

patterns. The individual patterns are linking the community of organisms in their physical

environment, in this case, the ecosystem.

The differences between communities define the activity patterns of each individual where

interactions take place. The mesh is the representation of the projected image of the ecosystem.


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FIG.2 - Smart grid Ecosystem Carbon Pross (2009)

The projected image of the ecosystem is exploration the visual memory as David Gissen (2009) has

mentioned, is the projected image of the projected environment in which individual is situated. The

individual, as David Gissen (2009) has mentioned, is processing the nature of architecture from

caves; 'the subnature in the dark, wet and cool spaces that mark the origins of architecture' (Gissen,

David, 2009:30).

The architectural image, which these spaced had to offer, has placed the individual receptors of the

architectural partitions in elegant composition as Patrick Schumacher (2007) points out.


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Just like natural systems, elegant compositions are so highly integrated that they

cannot be easily decomposed into independent subsystems a major point of

difference in comparison with the modern design paradigm of clear separation of

functional subsystems. In fact the exploitation of natural forms like landscape

formations or organic morphologies as a source domain for analogical transference

into architecture makes a constructive contribution to the development of this new

paradigm and language of architecture. (Patrick Schumacher, 2007)

As Patrick Schumacher (2007) points here, he places the elegant compositions into another realm of

integration, which in terms of their complexity, would be harder to be decomposed into individual

subsystems.

If the decomposition is finding its interactions, this could create and drive the individual through

realisation of functional subsystems.

The decomposition of natural systems should be made progressively through the partitions of

elegant composition in order to understand their structure, which would create the 'new paradigm

and language of architecture' (Patrick Scumacker, 2007).

Architectural space has been modulated through inertia between physical production and

philosophical context as Derrick de Kerchove (2001) points out, which had the bases in exploitation

and understanding of the natural forms as David Gissen (2009) points out.


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FIG.3 Morphologic shapes (Barzon, Furio 2003:49)

The 'elegant compositions' (Patrick Scumacher, 2007) are the product of exploiting the physical and

philosophical context of the natural form. Exploitations in which architecture has been with natural

environment and technology as the practical application of scientific discoveries (Philips, 2008),

has been able to provide the physical endurance to join all the developing organisms into one

system, forwarding the joined communities towards new mutations, a joined understanding, always

at the barrier between old generated systems and new implemented behaviours developed in

connections, articulations, links.


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On top of the power grid, the wiring of the planet's information system was

accomplished with three integrated but technically superposed 'webs', the telegraph

cables, the telephone switchboard and the world wide web.

(De Kerchove, Derrick 2001:26)

Just as natural systems architecture is interlinked and held in balance between 'elegant composition'

(Patrick Scumacher, 2007) and integrated independent components, which make architecture to

fully, integrate into environment.

Man creatively adapts to the constructive contribution as Peter Eisenman (2003) points out, making

the connection of the architecture to transfer the information of organic morphologies into

development of built subsystems, separated by exploitation of social context in which the system

differentiates.

A new continuity, or electromagnetic webness between subjects that are all spatially

distant and qualitatively different such as bodies things and the overall whole, the

new constructed environment that surrounds us.

(de Kerchove, Derrick, 2001:88)

The integration of the subsystems in development of architecture would engage with the built

environment through digital integration. The complexity is balanced between systems, and thinking

the natural environment as a natural system, the power to empower equilibrium as Kim Dovey

(1999) points out, should create the needed interaction to generate 'transcultural systems' (de

Kerchove, Derrick, 2001:88), within the digital and the natural systems.

The new created system and distinction between technological environments and the natural

environment would create a seamless extensive high-density landscape incorporating both sides, as

Ken Yang (2006) mentioned, the environment and the dwell should be regarded as a dynamic

continuum acting together as a whole.


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Mapping the built environment

Embedded within the virtual structure (Abstract space, 2007:21), elegance strives for

differentiation in dynamic order, examined between expression of values, as Antonio Saggio (2003)

points out, and their internal function within the structure concept.

Tendency is to process the virtual into logical cognition and expression as Peter Eisenman (2003)

points out, opening characteristics that should attract the social forces into becoming the potential

for complexity in change and growth over time.

FIG. 4 Extensive tunnel framework (Barzon, Furio 2003:50)


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An essential part of this interrogation between complex and uncertain is relying on perception of the

architectural image, that is reflecting on investigations which were developed by fixed meanings:

architecture as infrastructure, as interface, as a system of interconnection (de Kerkhove, Derrick,

2001:88), distributed at the boundary between art and science, which occurred over time in our

history, as an accumulation in time that determined our perception of space.

At present, the digital is an interface between cognition and expression. With the

integration of digital methods, primarily through new media animation software, it is

possible to view design acts not only as an on-going process within a larger

continuum but potentially as ends in themselves. As substantial DeLandas writing,

form is always subject to its own internal process, so always becoming. Actualization

may be not necessary, or even possible. This stands in contrast to historical views

that examined the architectural drawing as a material artefact (albeit a product of

social forces). (Tierney, John 2007:21)

The accumulation in time in which our perception had developed within the perception of the

architectural image, has been, as in animation software packages, manipulated by a coordinate of

time.

Time is exponential, change, reversible and reversible (Steele, Brett, 2001:15) and storage. This

could be patterned by the mass production of goods and services as John Bird (1993) points out,

which create an increase in memory storage, by extending the boundary in which we share as acommunity, as Brett Steele (2001) has mentioned.

The mapping of physical environments it is essential in developing close related spaces to generate

efficient connections between occupants and their possible connection in space.

In other words, time has accumulated the information and had generated history and the host. If we

generate an articulation (Patrick Schumacher, 2007) between time and the logical complexity

(Patrick Schumacher, 2007), this new fields would extend towards the new ways of developing


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spaces, as Brett Steele (2001) points out. Space at this instance in time becomes fully interacting

with the bodies. As Brett Steele (2001) points out, subjects interacting within the whole continuum

should articulate the needs in which they share the most.

Patterns as eating, sleeping, relaxing, become the maps in developing embedded spaces, which

fully react to the interacting body through space.

By compressing the capsule of space, dividing and assimilating common needs under the same

cluster, space becomes efficient as, shown by Brett Steele (2001).

If this gives the point of interaction with the built environment and the natural ecosystem, the

connection necessary to place them seamless together, is located within the architectural design.

In this view, a representation of moments through duration, emphasising the analytical ability of

the mind (de Kerchove, Derrick, 2001:89) is generating idealized static objects located in fixed

spaces, creating fixed logical links as Brett Steele (2001) points out.

This connection could be the link between the complexity of our natural environment and the

architectural image.

Screens, connections, and electronic interfaces are all around us and live

contemporaneously in flexible organizations and trans-typologies. Architecture takes

on life; it becomes an electronic and interactive organism, a new type of space is

coming to light, indifferently real or simulated, two dimensional or three

dimensional, the space makes everything contiguous, mixed, contaminated. Thesense of things is dispersed in an uncontrolled dissemination. Velocity is no longer

physical but is the thought, absolute (Barzon, Furion 2003:10)

The embedded space, linking all the interfaces and components into one electronic device,

developing and assimilating the traces of our movements and behaviours through space. The

information in packets of rules, codes, forces, separated into categories to be accessible and at the


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same time transferable.

These groups of packets, are connected, as Steele Brett (2001) points out, leaving the connection

between human and electronic interfaces, to creatively develop connected and flexible

organizations.

FIG. 5 Genotype divisions (Steele, Brett 2003:49)

World Wide Web introduces the elaboration of new multiplicity, cross-operable electronic

interfaces, which becomes the fundamental boundary between human interaction and virtual

interactive space, suggesting the exploration of form as Brett Steele (2001) points out, to blend the

World Wide Web, to become the embedded mechanism which behaves as the cognitive and

intelligent phenomenon (de Kerchove, Derrick 2001:21).

As in virtual spaces, the accumulation in every ramification should process the information into

logical expression, giving to the spatial experiences the tendency to trans-relate between one

another. If taking into consideration the classifier of the classifier of the projected image, into

virtual entity, rather than a concept of experience, than the classifier of the projected image would


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be in transit with the perception of experiences as Barzon Furion (2003) points out.

Mapping the material

The architectural image transfers the information embedded environments by the moving body to

'respond and support human use and activities through the provision of specialized information

(Addington and Shcodek 2005:8) into becoming the 'smart materials' (Addington and

Shcodek2005:205).

The interaction generated through the environment is determined by the interconnectivity defined

by body and mind as Derrick de Kerchove (2001) points out. Every memory acts as a reminder

through the suggested space, which is defined within the limits of the surroundings of the mental

space, 'between mental and virtual' (Kerchove, de Derick 2001:18).

Mapping the body

"Words are difficult, but the sound, motion and imagery can really give you the feel"

(New Scientist 2009)

The sensory experience has the capability to enhance the mechanical power of sensors into

becoming the reading mechanism of the human body. As shown in Force Field at the Science

museum in London, the experiences lived by the astronauts can be re-translated into remotely

architectural products, which act on energy impulses. The body becomes to product of sensorial bounds where the feelings are determined by the electric impulses. As Addington and Shcodek

(2005) points out, it is the 'smart materials, which articulate various types of products to become

the bridge between the manifestation of the material and the actual behaviour of the technology.


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Mapping the dwelling

A building cannot be treated as an autonomous object; the architect must also think about

its impact and interaction with a variety of systems that no one would consider remotely

architectural. (Addington and Shcodek 2005:226)

The designs which Addington and Shcodek (2005) points here, are the information embedded

systems where the interaction between building and environment becomes the variety of the

systems, where in the architectural image would engage with other information media, that no one

would consider as being architectural.

The example of dwellings which Brett Steele (2001) points out, are the buildings which already

implement and better the natural environment to achieve an efficient state, in order to communicate

with the user, before and after the construction of the dwell, to perfectly adapt to user's needs.

It is one of the few conceptual dwellings where the World Wide Web is incorporated into the user's

needs before building the community. It is the map, which assimilates the information about the

user in order to build a better place. It is the logical assimilation of similar things, which articulate

the same behaviours under the same roof, where changes and movements are fluidly transferring the

spaces to become the potential in building a new one. As Brett Steele (2001) points out, it is the

symbiosis, which moves different spaces to become one symbiotically generated, which

incorporates and maps the development for the future dwellings.


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FIG. 6 Genotype system matrix (Steele, Brett 2003:48)

Mapping the urban

Applying logical distributed systems, as shown by Brett Steele (2001), in traffic analysing systems,

generate redistribution based on the analyses gathered into previous interaction with the human

activities, by reading the data from the video cameras. In this case the system has been already

classified into dynamic linear patters, as being streets, and junctions as being the intersection

between at least two dynamic linear patterns.


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FIG. 7 Neighbourhood formations (Steele, Brett 2003:77)

Classifying the dynamic linear patterns with the classifier of the activities developed by the

dynamic linear pattern into codes of interaction, which transfers the information into sets of visual

patterns (coloured patterns depending on the activity at one defined point within the given spatial

interactivity), and places the information gathered into packets of information. The dynamic linear

patterns are then transferred to the visual receptor as Kamijo Lab. (2009) points out.

The information gathered into previous interaction, is placing the visual receptor into direct

negotiation with information gathered from the whole grid of dynamic linear patterns.

Connecting them together is accentuating the receptors with large packets of information. The

information is stored and negotiated between other connections. This is helping the system to

understand the traffic positions within the chosen grid, which is than redistributed through the flow

of the grid, transferring large loads to other routes creating a homogeneous flow within the city

street grid.

The information packets are equilibrated at the same ratio. This is achieved by transferring the

information through traffic lights signals, managing their position based on the information


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gathered. This is helping to keep the traffic into continuous flow, helping drivers and city

transferability.

An example is being developed by University of Tokyo, which is able to measure and monitor the

movement patterns of the pedestrians and vehicles. By processing the images from video cameras,

they are able to provide close up monitor to avoid accidents, to increase the response time and to

redirect patterns.

Toward the goals of efficiency and safety, we developed a precise tracking

algorithm based on the Spatio-Temporal MRF model which is able to track both

pedestrians and vehicles simultaneously against occlusions in the images. During the

past few years, this model has been practically applied to acquire traffic flow

statistics. However, in this paper, we present an improvement of the S-T MRF model

so as to deal with flexible objects such as pedestrians as well as rigid objects such as

vehicles. Based on experimental results, this model was able to simultaneously track

pedestrians and vehicles against occlusion even in very cluttered situations.

Consequently, the improved S-T MRF model was proven to be effective for traffic

monitoring at urban intersections. (Kamijo Lab., 2009)

The accumulation of information generated by this process of interaction between the build

environment and the natural environment is turning the reality of the urban streets into a digitalinterface, a display monitor.

Visual sensors, which are the visual receptor for a junction, are placing the information technology

at the extension between human body and natural environment. In this case architectural object

becomes sensible to human interaction.


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FIG. 7 Traffic analysis (Komijo Lab, 2009)


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FIG. 8 Traffic colour analysis (Komijo Lab, 2009)

Another example of sensor embedded construction is the St Anthony Falls Bridge which makes the

connection between natural environment and the built environment to blend, to respond in real time

to interferences, to discover and predict patterns within the internal structure.

It has an embedded early-warning system made of hundreds of sensors. They

include wire and fibre optic stain and displacement gauges, accelerometers,

potentiometers and corrosion sensors that have been built into the span to monitor of

structural weaknesses, such as corroded concrete and overly strained joints.

On top of this, temperature sensors embedded in the tarmac activate a system that

sprays antifreeze on the road when it gets too cold, and a traffic-monitoring system

alerts Minnesota Department of Transportation to divert traffic in the event of an

accident or overcrowding. (The Economist, 2009)


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Information accumulated from this process it is able to interact with the environment and its

changeable nature, being able to deliver the information needed to generate and restructure a new

pattern which interacts between architectural geometry and the architecture as an embedded

organism as Peter Eisenman (2003) points out, simulated into a digital environment, and

differentiated in natural form.

Similar embedded digital environments are developed by IBM to better articulate the existing

connection between the buildings, but at the same time, to better articulate the connections with the

natural environment. A building is no more a static object placed into a physical space, now is

instrumented to interact intelligent through the surroundings, in some case being able to make

individual decisions, which will affect the community as a whole.

Instrumented: Today, many of the systems that constitute a building are managed

independently and many of them are not managed at all for their occupancy, energy use

or thermal effect, due to a lack of sensors and monitors that would be needed to do so.

Interconnected: A lack of standards for measuring energy use and carbon footprints isolates

buildings' systems from each other and makes practices that can control and manage energy

use more difficult to implement. And the lack of standard interfaces across the broad arrayof devices and systems in a building makes managing them from a central point or plan

nearly impossible.

Intelligent: But with an instrumented and interconnected building, building owners and

tenants can make better decisions about the building's energy use and can often rely on

the green building to "make those decisions" itself. Additionally, smart policies new

government standards for energy efficiency and incentives for architects, builders,


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developers and owners, so that savings on future operating costs can go to the people

making the upfront investments can combine with incentives for utilities to achieve a

reduction in buildings' demands for energy and water.

(IBM - Smarter planet, 2009)

Is the connection with the information technology the pathway in directing the architecture towards

new corporeal formations of spaces directed by architecture of logic and cognition as Derrick de

Kerchove (2001) points out.

It is the new architectural form of the articulation in which man attempts to define the possibilities

of space, to connect the spaces into becoming the main development in architectural practices.

Space is at the boundary between physical negotiation of logical cognition, and the formal

representation of abstract thought as Dan O'Sullivan (1994) points out, than the represented form is

interacting the connections of space into becoming the interactive space.

As Furio Barzon (2003) points out, symbols are taking the trajectory of signage, which is placing

the information into points of communication, generating physical interaction. In this way, space is

becoming inter-connected by articulated points, generating forms of flow from packets of

information through the entire system, which articulates and expands continuously, creating the

framework for the embedded mapped world.

Conclusion

The opportunities which engages the architect into modelling the architectural image with new

mapping technologies would move the human interaction to sensorial bounds, where the architect

and the urban designer is in the position to make sensitive architectural changes to places. The

changes would offer to the user the capacity to generate the suggested space based on the

information, which is particular to their situation. The generated space bounds the image of


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architectural objects with technology.

Is now inter-connected and articulated at every ramification, it is exchanging information, it is

mechanical and computational, which generate a new set of logical forms and surfaces, which not

only defines the reality as we perceive it, but it also places the reality into another realm of

interaction, challenging the physical understanding of spatial possibilities to enhance the complexity

of the built environment.

The structure has enabled the to access corporeal designs, as virtual entities and to translate the

sensitive reaction of human body into the realm of connections and inter-articulations.

In order to build this space, the architect has to understand the complex structure of the space,

which places it in a realm of self-preservation, where space gains its identity, and which forces the

interaction between human and space to become more and more interactive.

The interior space of the individual, which inhabits the space choreography created by waves of

information assimilated in its memory, is releasing the servicing spaces of its perception, opening

the boundary of new architectural form.

FIG. 9 Condensed-negotiated section (Steele, Brett 2003:55)


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The mapping of spatial movement is reinforcing the performative similarity and modulation of

private and public zones, where the architects have now the possibility to enhance the needs of

spatial movement.

The spatial movement is therefore postulated to the formalized development of the mapping

framework, which generates multiple space relations between the interactions of the individual and

its sensors, which are enclosed in built environments.

The development of built environments should impose potential in building continuity through the

built and the natural environment, recognizing its compositional and spatial values from supports

concealed in similarity, which are paradoxically transferring the mapping framework and

developing the existing urban structure into a sensorial organism, which offers to the civic place the

features in mapping the built environment.

In comparison to the natural environment, the built environment vicinity is important due to its

necessary relevance in abolition of generated spaces.

The architect and the urban designer began trading these technologies in making the built

environment more interactive, aspiring efficiency, releasing more security and aspiring entirely

control over the life span of the building, extending the boundary of the architectural form to

become the potential in developing spaces for further generations, evaluating in real time the needs

of the community, linking the needs of the user with the needs of the environment, crating user

friendly as well as energy saving environments.


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Reference:

Fig. 1. Addington, Michelle and Shcodek, Daniel 2005:204) Fig. 2. Pross, Carbon (2009). Smart grid Ecosystem . At : http://carbon-pros.com/image/SG-

ecosystem.png (Accessed on 27.05.10)

Fig. 3. Barzon, Furio (2003) Morphologic shapes In : Negotiate my boundary! Mass-

customization and responsive environments . Basel : Birkhauser

Fig. 4. Barzon, Furio (2003) Extensive tunnel framework In: Negotiate my boundary! Mass-


Fig. 5. Steele, Brett (2003) Genotype divisions In: Negotiate my boundary! Mass-


Fig. 6. Steele, Brett (2003) Genotype system matrix In: Negotiate my boundary! Mass-


Fig. 7. Steele, Brett (2003) Neighbourhood formations In: Negotiate my boundary! Mass-


Fig. 8. Lab., Kamijo (2008).Traffic analysis system [Photograph; snapshot through the

operational modules.] At: http://kmj.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/e_ts.html (Accessed on:

24.01.10)

Fig. 9. Steele, Brett (2003) Condensed -negotiated section matrix In: Negotiate myboundary! Mass-customization and responsive environments . Basel : Birkhauser


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