what’s the difference? state- describes an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and...
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Political Geography
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What’s the difference? State- describes an independent unit that
occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external forces (country)
Nation- group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity
Nation-state- when a nation and a state occupy the same territory
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Types of Government All countries have a specific type of
government Democracy Monarchy Dictatorship RepublicTheocracy
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Democracy In a democracy citizens hold political power,
either directly or through elected representatives
Ex. United States, Canada
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Republic Citizens of a country have an active role in
the affairs of the government, and the government is not headed by a hereditary ruler such as a king.
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Difference between Democracy & Republic ? In a Democracy, the Majority has unlimited
power over the Minority. It has been referred to as "Majority over Man".
In a Republic, the Majority is Limited and constrained by a written Constitution which protects the rights of the Individual and the Minority. The purpose of a Republic form of government is to control the Majority
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Monarchy A ruling family headed by a king or queen
holds political power and may or may not share the power with the citizens
Ex. United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia
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Dictatorship/Totalitarian system An individual or group holds complete
political powerEx. North Korea, Afghanistan
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Theocracy A government ruled by or subject to religious
authorityEx. Iran
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Geographic Characteristics of a Country Three geographic characteristics are very
important in describing a country1) SIZE – its not always true that the physical size
of a country determines its wealth and power EX: UK
Although larger nations often have more resources and more people on which to build military and economic power
2) SHAPE- the shape of a country can have an impact on how easily it can be governed, how goods are moved to all areas of the country and how it relates to neighboring countries
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Shapes Compact State: the distance from the
geographic center of the area to any point on the boundary does not vary greatly, EX. Hungary.
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Elongated State: state that is geographically long and narrow, EX. Chile.
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Enclave: portion of a state that is totally surrounded by another state, EX. Armenia
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Fragmented State: state split into many pieces, EX. Philippines and Indonesia.
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Landlocked State: state not having direct access to an ocean, EX. Bolivia.
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Microstate: state that is extremely small, EX. San Marino
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Perforated State: state that totally surrounds another state, EX. South Africa.
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Prorupt State: state having a portion of territory that is elongated, EX. Thailand
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Frontier - zone where no state exercises political control, EX. Antarctica
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Back to Geo. Characteristics of a Country 3) LOCATION - The relative location of a
country can be very important. It can determine resources, economy, relationship with neighbors, etc.
EX. How do you think landlocked countries are affected by their location
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Lastly….Boundaries Natural Boundaries- based on physical
features of the land Artificial boundaries – fixed line generally
following latitude or longitude lines EX. 49N line that separate US & Canada
Cultural boundaries – boundaries based on cultural aspects such as language
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Boundary Disputes May be a source of friction between
competing political entities (flashpoints)May serve as peaceful reminders of
contrasting but accepted differences
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Centripetal forces A clearly bounded territory promotes
unity/national stability Centrifugal forces
The more boundaries possessed by a state, the greater is the likelihood of conflict which disrupts unity/national stability