1

... když pomyslíte na dlouhé a temné dějiny člověka, shledáte, že ohavnější zločiny byly vždy spáchány ve jménu poslušnosti než ve jménu vzpoury.C. P. Snow

… when you think of the long and gloomy history of man, you

will find more hideous crimes have been committed in the

name of obedience than have ever been committed in the

name of rebellion.C. P. Snow

Uspořádal / Edited by Jaroslav Anděl

ROD DICKINSON

BUREAU D’ÉTUDES

ANTONI MUNTADAS

HANS HAACKE

JENNY HOLZER

HARUN FAROCKI

ARTUR ŻMIJEWSKI

KRZYSZTOF WODICZKO

OLE-MAGNUS SAXEGARD

ZDENA KOLEČKOVÁ

JENS M. STOBER

GOLD EXTRA

JAN MLČOCH

MAGDALENA JETELOVÁ

JAROSLAV ANDĚL

PODE BAL

JÁNOS SUGÁR

RICHARD CORTÉS

ISTVÁN LÉKO

MILAN KOZELKA

HANS D. CHRIST

YVONNE P. DODERER

IRIS DRESSLER

STEPHAN KÖPERL

SYLVIA WINKLER

Jaroslav Anděl: Střetnutí se zlem / Encountering Evil

Milgramův experiment / Milgram Experiment

Rod Dickinson ve spolupráci s / in collaboration with Gram Edler & Steve Rushton

Antoni Muntadas

Bureau d’études

Jenny Holzer

Hans Haacke

Stanfordský vězeňský experiment / Stanford Prison Experiment

Artur Żmijewski

Harun Farocki

Krzysztof Wodiczko

Ole-Magnus Saxegard

Philip Zimbardo: Jak se zbavit zla anebo mu vzdorovat /

Evil Redemption Strategies and Resistance Tactics

Sudety / Sudetenland

Zdena Kolečková

gold extra

Jens M. Stober

Komunistický režim a jeho oběti / The Communist Regime and Its Victims

EZO (Evidence zájmových osob / Registry of Persons of Interest)

Charta 77 / Charter 77

Jan Mlčoch

Magdalena Jetelová

Jaroslav Anděl

Pode Bal

János Sugár

Richard Cortés, István Léko

Milan Kozelka

Konfrontace / Confrontations

Umění nenechat si takto vládnout / The Art of Not Being Governed Like That

15M

Biografie / Biographies

Bibliografie / Bibliographies

Zdroje citátů a fotografií / Quote and Picture Sources

obsah content

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Vydáno u příležitosti výstavy / Published on the occasion of the exhibition

LUCIFERůV EFEKT: Střetunutí se zlem / THE LUCIFER EFFECT: Encountering Evil

14. 10. 2011 – 2. 1. 2012

Kurátor / Curator: Jaroslav Anděl

Architektonické řešení / Architect: Leoš Válka

Tým výstavy / Exhibition team: Radek Aubrecht, Kateřina Böhmová, Ladislav Falta, Tereza Jelínková, Michal Kučerák, Kristina Kurešová,

Andrea Průchová, Daniela Retková, Kateřina Sedláková, Linda Skotáková, Ondřej Stupal, Jan Šebek, Táňa Šedová, Michaela Šilpochová,

Karolína Vašíčková

Katalog / Catalog

Editor: Jaroslav Anděl

Texty / Texts: Jaroslav Anděl, Bureau d’études, Richard Cortés, Rod Dickinson, Harun Farocki, gold extra, Hans Haacke, Jenny Holzer,

Hans D. Christ, Magdalena Jetelová, Zdena Kolečková, Stanley Milgram, W. T. J. Mitchell, Pode Bal, Jens M. Stober, Krzysztof Wodiczko,

Philip Zimbardo, Artur Żmijewski

Překlady / Translations: Johana Gallup, Irma Charvátová, Karolína Kloučková, Todd Shaw, Ladislav Nagy

Jazyková redakce / Manuscript editors: Markéta Hejná, Kateřina Mahdalová, Linda Skotáková

Grafická úprava / Layout: Jaroslav Anděl, Kristýna Greplová

Fotografie / Photography: Ivan Babej, Lukáš Bíba, Emil Bican, Martin Boško, Katarína Brichová, Jovan Dezort, Kristýna Greplová, Libor Hajský,

Jaroslav Hejzlar, Jenny Holzer, Pavel Hořejší, Bořivoj Hořínek, Zuzana Humpálová, Michal Kamaryt, Iveta Kopicová, Vít Korčák, Dan Krzywoň,

Jaroslav Kučera, Collin LaFleche, Karel Mevald, Jaroslav Ožano, Stanislav Pečka, REPRO, SMOLA, Igor Šefr, Ondřej Štěpánek, René Volfík

Tisk / Printing: Daniel

© 2011 DOX PRAGUE, a. s., DOX Centre for Contemporary Art

Texts © Jaroslav Anděl, Bureau d’études, Richard Cortés, Rod Dickinson, Harun Farocki, gold extra, Hans Haacke, Jenny Holzer, Hans D. Christ,

Magdalena Jetelová, Zdena Kolečková, Stanley Milgram Estate, W. T. J. Mitchell, Pode Bal, Jens M. Stober, Philip Zimbardo

Images © 1977, 2010 Jenny Holzer, member Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY; 1981, 2007 Jenny Holzer, member Artists Rights Society (ARS),

NY / OOAS, Prague; 2000 Harun Farocki, “Prison Images”; 2011 ČTK; Jaroslav Anděl; Bureau d’études; Richard Cortés; Rod Dickinson; Yvonne P. Doderer;

Iris Dressler; gold extra; Hans Haacke / VG-Bild Kunst. Courtesy Paula Cooper Gallery, New York; Hans D. Christ; Muntadas Studio, Magdalena Jetelová;

Zdena Kolečková; Stephan Köperl; Milan Kozelka; Ištván Léko; MF DNES / Profimedia; Stanley Milgram Estate; Jan Mlčoch Estate; Antoni Muntadas;

Pode Bal; Ole-Magnus Saxegard; Jens M. Stoper; János Sugár; Sylvia Winkler; Krzysztof Wodiczko; Philip Zimbardo; Artur Żmijewski

Editoři vyvinuli maximální úsilí, aby byla v publikaci uvedena kompletní autorská práva, přesto nebylo možné je ve všech případech dohledat. Děkujeme

za pochopení. / The editors have made every effort to identify copyright owners, but in spite of painstaking research have not been able to do so in all cases.

Thank you for understanding.

Nakladatel / Publisher: DOX PRAGUE, a. s., Praha 2011

Poupětova 793/1, 170 00 Praha 7, Czech Republic

ISBN: 978-80-87446-12-6

www.dox.cz

S podporou Zdeňka Bakaly / With the support of Zdeněk Bakala

DOX Partners Exhibition Partners Exhibition Media PartnersDOX Media Partners

Pro uskutečnění výstavy byla zásadní podpora zapůjčitelů vystavených děl, včetně zapůjčitelů, kteří si nepřejí být jmenování.

Všem vyslovujeme upřímné díky: Československé dokumentační středisko, Harun Farocki Produktion, Berlin; Jenny Holzer

Studio, Hoosick Falls; Antoni Muntadas Studio, New York, Paula Cooper Gallery, New York; Sprüth Magers Berlin London;

Württembergischer Kunstverein, Stuttgart; Zachęta Narodowa Galeria Sztuki, Varšava.

Za podporu a pomoc při přípravě a realizaci výstavy jsme zavázáni mnoha lidem, k nimž patří: Blanca Álvarez; Martin

Aubrecht; Jaroslav Bárta; Olga Bártová; Lukáš Bíba; Petr Blažek; Tomáš Boehm a kolektiv pracovníků Studovny

periodik, Národní knihovna, Praha; Tomáš Brand, T. A. Print, Praha; Katarína Brichová; Bára Buchtová, Lidové noviny,

Praha; Ondřej Burian; Daniel Burns, Galerie Lelong, New York; Denisa Cirmaciová; Piotr Cypryański, Beata Nowacka-

Kardzis, Anna Smolak, Bunkier Sztuki, Krakov; Jan Černý, Veronika Lindová, René Rohan, Artex Art Services, Praha;

Jiřina Dienstbierová; Esther Dörring, Sprüth Magers Berlin London; Marie Fianová, TV Nova, Praha; Johana Gallup; Jiří

Gruntorád, Libri prohibiti, Praha; Tomáš Hájek; Bořivoj Hořínek; Hans D. Christ, Württembergischer Kunstverein, Stuttgart;

Linda Jablonská; Pavel Janáček, Vojtěch Malínek, Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, Praha; Alexis Johnson, Joelle Te

Paske, Paula Cooper Gallery, New York; Pavla Kantnerová, Jana Kubátová, Opona o.p.s., Praha; Karolína Kloučková;

Daniela Kořínková; Jaroslav Kučera; Jan Langer; Mirek Lédl; Marcela Machutová, Václav Rutar, Muzeum Policie ČR,

Praha; Jiří Majstr, Petr Mlch, ČTK – Česká tisková kancelář, Praha; Jaroslav Malák; Andrea Nacach; Alena Nosková, Eva

Drašarová, František Čtverák, František Frňka, Alena Šimánková, Národní archiv, Praha; Ladislav Nagy; Miroslav Pesch;

Dana Pfeiferová; Martina Pěčková, František Štolfa, Blesk, Praha; Jana Poddaná, Pavel Kugler, Archiv bezpečnostních

složek, Praha; Maria Anna Potocka, MOCAK Muzeum Sztuki Współczesnej, Krakov; Matthias Rajmann, Harun Farocki

Filmproduktion, Berlín; Svatava Raková, Jan Němeček, Historický ústav AV ČR, Praha; Adam Richter, CVC Consulting

s.r.o., Praha; Todd Shaw; Madeleine Schulz, SchneiderGolling & Cie. Assekuranzmakler AG, Hamburk; Robert Silverio;

Marek Sixta; Michal Škorpík; Hans Štembera; Ondřej Štěpánek; Anna Štysová; Lukáš Tylchrt, Profimedia, Praha; Ondřej

Váša; Sri Kumar Vishwanathan, Vzájemné soužití, Ostrava; Hanna Wróblewska, Małgorzata Bogdańska, Zachęta Narodowa

Galeria Sztuki, Varšava; Stathis Zervas, Vlasta Bedrnová, Poster Infinity, Praha.

Poděkování a uznání za nevšední nasazení patří týmu centra DOX: Radek Aubrecht, Eva Böhmová, Kateřina Böhmová,

Ondřej Čech, Petr Doberský, Ladislav Falta, Kristýna Greplová, Veronika Hrušková, Tereza Jelínková, Jakub Jonáš, Karina

Kottová, Michal Kučerák, Kristina Kurešová, Hedvika Máchová, Judita Matyášová, Andrea Průchová, Daniela Retková,

Kateřina Sedláková, Linda Skotáková, Ondřej Stupal, Jan Šebek, Táňa Šedová, Michaela Šilpochová, Miroslav Špunda,

Karolína Vašíčková a stážistky Anna Peňásová a Petra Řeháková.

Konečně děkujeme všem současným umělcům, jejichž práce jsou na výstavě představeny: Léonore Bonaccini, Martina

Brandmayr, Richard Cortés, Rod Dickinson, Yvonne Doderer, Iris Dressler, Graeme Edler, Harun Farocki, Xavier

Fourt, Hans Haacke, Tobias Hammerle, Georg Hobmeier, Jenny Holzer, Magdalena Jetelová, Stephan Köperl, Zdena

Kolečková, Antonín Kopp, Milan Kozelka, István Léko, Petr Motyčka, Antoni Muntadas, Sonja Prlic, Steve Rushton,

Ole-Magnus Saxegard, Jens M. Stober, János Sugár, Michal Šiml, Sylvia Winkler, Krzysztof Wodiczko, Karl Zechenter,

Artur Żmijewski.

Leoš Válka Jaroslav Anděl

ředitel umělecký ředitel

Centrum současného umění DOX Centrum současného umění DOX

We want to thank all lenders, including lenders who wish to remain anonymous. Their support was essential for the

realization of this exhibition: The Czechoslovak Documentation Centre, Prague; Harun Farocki Produktion, Berlin; Jenny

Holzer Studio, Hoosick Falls; Antoni Muntadas Studio, New York; Paula Cooper Gallery, New York; Sprüth Magers Berlin

London; Württembergischer Kunstverein, Stuttgart; Zachęta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw.

We would like to thank to following people for their unhesitating help during the organization of the exhibition: Blanca

Álvarez; Martin Aubrecht, Jaroslav Bárta; Olga Bártová; Lukáš Bíba; Petr Blažek; Tomáš Boehm and his team, Periodicals

Department, National Library, Prague; Tomáš Brand, T. A. Print, Prague; Katarína Brichová; Bára Buchtová, Lidové noviny,

Prague; Ondřej Burian; Daniel Burns, Galerie Lelong, New York; Denisa Cirmaciová; Piotr Cypryański, Beata Nowacka-

Kardzis, Anna Smolak, Bunkier Sztuki, Krakow; Jan Černý, Veronika Lindová, René Rohan, Artex Art Services, Prague;

Jiřina Dienstbierová; Esther Dörring, Sprüth Magers Berlin London; Marie Fianová, TV Nova, Prague; Johana Gallup;

Jiří Gruntorád, Libri prohibiti, Prague; Tomáš Hájek; Markéta Hejná; Bořivoj Hořínek; Irma Charvátová; Hans D. Christ,

Württembergischer Kunstverein, Stuttgart; Linda Jablonská; Pavel Janáček, Vojtěch Malínek, Institute of Czech Literature

AS CR, Prague; Alexis Johnson, Joelle Te Paske, Paula Cooper Gallery, New York; Pavla Kantnerová, Jana Kubátová,

Opona o.p.s, Prague; Karolína Kloučková; Daniela Kořínková; Jaroslav Kučera; Jan Langer; Mirek Lédl; Marcela

Machutová, Václav Rutar, The Police Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague; Jiří Majstr, Petr Mlch, ČTK – Czech News

Agency, Prague; Jaroslav Malák; Andrea Nacach; Alena Nosková, Eva Drašarová, František Čtverák, František Frňka,

Alena Šimánková, National Archives, Prague; Ladislav Nagy; Miroslav Pesch; Dana Pfeiferová; Martina Pěčková, František

Štolfa, Blesk, Prague; Jana Poddaná, Pavel Kugler, Security Services Archive, Prague; Maria Anna Potocka, MOCAK

Museum of Contemporary Art, Krakow; Matthias Rajmann, Harun Farocki Filmproduktion, Berlin; Svatava Raková, Jan

Němeček, The Institute of History AS CR, Prague; Adam Richter, CVC Consulting s.r.o., Prague; Todd Shaw; Madeleine

Schulz, SchneiderGolling & Cie. Assekuranzmakler AG, Hamburg; Robert Silverio; Marek Sixta; Michal Škorpík; Hans

Štembera; Ondřej Štěpánek; Anna Štysová; Lukáš Tylchrt, Profimedia, Prague; Ondřej Váša; Sri Kumar Vishwanathan,

Vzájemné soužití, Ostrava; Hanna Wróblewska, Małgorzata Bogdańska, Zachęta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw; Stathis

Zervas, Vlasta Bedrnová, Poster Infinity, Prague.

The DOX team worked on this project with extraordinary effort. All its members deserve thanks and great appreciation:

Radek Aubrecht, Eva Böhmová, Kateřina Böhmová, Ondřej Čech, Petr Doberský, Ladislav Falta, Kristýna Greplová, Veronika

Hrušková, Tereza Jelínková, Jakub Jonáš, Karina Kottová, Michal Kučerák, Kristina Kurešová, Hedvika Máchová, Judita

Matyášová, Andrea Průchová, Daniela Retková, Kateřina Sedláková, Linda Skotáková, Ondřej Stupal, Jan Šebek, Táňa

Šedová, Michaela Šilpochová, Miroslav Špunda, Karolína Vašíčková and the interns Anna Peňásová and Petra Řeháková.

Finally we would like to thank all of the contemporary artists whose works are being presented at the exhibition:

Léonore Bonaccini, Martina Brandmayr, Richard Cortés, Rod Dickinson, Yvonne Doderer, Iris Dressler, Graeme Edler, Harun

Farocki, Xavier Fourt, Hans Haacke, Tobias Hammerle, Georg Hobmeier, Jenny Holzer, Magdalena Jetelová, Stephan Köperl,

Zdena Kolečková, Antonín Kopp, Milan Kozelka, István Léko, Petr Motyčka, Antoni Muntadas, Sonja Prlic, Steve Rushton, Ole-

Magnus Saxegard, Jens M. Stober, János Sugár, Michal Šiml, Sylvia Winkler, Krzysztof Wodiczko, Karl Zechenter, Artur Żmijewski.

Leoš Válka Jaroslav Anděl

Director Artistic Director

DOX Centre for Contemporary Art DOX Centre for Contemporary Art

poděkování acknowledgements

jméno umělce

Kdyby to všechno bylo tak jednoduché! Kdyby existovali zlí lidé, kteří by někde záludně páchali zlé činy, bylo by nutné je jen oddělit od nás ostatních a zničit. Ale hranice rozdělující dobro a zlo prochází srdcem každé lidské bytosti. A kdo je ochoten zničit kus vlastního srdce?Alexandr Solženicyn

If only it were all so simple! If only there were evil people somewhere

insidiously committing evil deeds, and it were necessary only to separate

them from the rest of us and destroy them. But the line dividing

good and evil cuts through the heart of every humanbeing.

And who is willing to destroy a piece of his own heart?

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

15Ú

vod

/ In

trod

utio

n

V posmrtně uveřejněném rozhovoru mluvil Jim Morrison, kultovní zpěvák skupiny The Doors,

o obrazech násilí, jež „způsobují šok bolesti pronikající skrze… falešné fasády, za nimiž lidé

žijí“. Podle Morrisona lidé „blokují vjemy, aby se nedostaly dovnitř, a blokují city, aby se nedo-

staly ven“.1 Přitažlivost, kterou pro Morrisona mělo násilí, je příkladem fascinace charakterické

pro moderní kulturu – fascinace násilím a zlem. Dokládá to postava Adolfa Hitlera, který se víc

než kdo jiný stal ve 20. století jejich ztělesněním. Jeho výjimečný status v moderní imaginaci

ukazují nespočetné texty a obrazy: po zadání jeho jména ukáže vyhledavač Google Books

4 030 000 odkazů na knihy a Google Images vygeneruje 4 180 000 obrazů.

Hitlera jako symbol zla a násilí však ve 21. století zastínil útok na World Trade Center

11. září 2001. Skutečnost, že Google Books vyhledá 7 400 000 knih vztahujících se k této udá-

losti, tj. téměř dvakrát vyšší počet než v Hitlerově případě, demonstruje jeho historický význam.

11. září 2001 poznamenalo jednadvacáté století tak zásadním způsobem, že se vnucuje my-

šlenka, že nové století začalo až tímto datem – jinak řečeno, jeví se jako opožděný počátek

století v podobném smyslu, jako rok 1989 předčasným koncem století dvacátého. Zvláštní

postavení 11. září potvrdil i slavný skladatel Karlheinz Stockhausen, když o necelý týden poz-

ději označil útok na World Trade Center za největší možné umělecké dílo v celém vesmíru.2

Jakkoli je tento výrok nevkusný a pro naprostou většinu lidí nesmyslný, je dalším dů-

kazem zvláštní přitažlivosti témat násilí a zla a privilegovaného postavení, které zaujímají

v současné imaginaci. Můžeme se tudíž domnívat, že strůjci útoku kalkulovali svůj čin s ohle-

dem na maximální obrazový efekt – že cílem bylo vytvoření obrazu, představy, symbolu, jenž

by maximálně ovlivnil současné myšlení. Můžeme tedy říci, že útok na World Trade Center

byl především útokem na moderní imaginaci, řízeným s plným vědomím role, kterou obrazy

v současném životě hrají.

Reakce politiků a široké veřejnosti na 11. září 2001 naplnily očekávání pachatelů. Nabízí se

otázka, proč si necháváme pod vedením politiků, masových médií a některých umělců vnutit

agendu pachatelů, jejímž hlavním nástrojem jsou právě obrazy útoku na World Trade Center

a následující záplava obrazů násilí spjatá s takzvanou válkou proti terorismu? Jinak řečeno,

jaká je kritická reflexe témat násilí a zla v umělecké praxi a teoretickém diskursu? Jaké jsou

kritické intervence, jež by reagovaly na negativní působení těchto obrazů na současnou ima-

ginaci? Existuje alternativní ikonografie, která by postavila proti negativní agendě pachatelů

a jejich protějšků potentní obrazy a symboly schopné organizovat kolektivní zkušenost pozitiv-

ním způsobem? Záměrem výstavy je podnítit diskusi o těchto otázkách a pokusit se v tvorbě

současných umělců i v pracích teoretiků a vědců identifikovat iniciativy, jež se ubírají tímto směrem.

Stanfordský vězeňský experiment a Milgramův experiment

Název výstavy odkazuje ke stejnojmenné knize předního amerického psychologa Philipa

Zimbarda zabývající se překvapivou snadností, s níž jsme schopni páchat zlo. Zimbardovo

1 Lizze James, „Jim Morrison: Ten Years Gone“, Creem Magazine, 1981, http://archives.waiting-forthe-un.net/Pages/Interviews/JimInterviews/TenYearsGone.html

2 Srovnej Anthony Tommasini, „The Devil Made Him Do It“, New York Times, 30. 9. 2001.

In an interview published after his death, Jim Morrison, frontman for The Doors and cult

poet, spoke of images of violence that “generate shock through pain that penetrates [...] the

false facades behind which people live.” Morrison maintained that people “block perceptions

so that they can’t get in, and block emotions so that they can’t get out.”1 The attraction

that violence held for Morrison is an example of an attraction typical of modern culture,

a fascination with violence and evil. This notion is reflected in attitudes to the figure of Adolf

Hitler who, more than anyone else in the 20th century, came to personify evil. An enormous

body of writing and images illustrates his exceptional position in the modern imagination;

when you enter his name in Google Books or Google Images, you are faced with 4,030,000

books and 4,180,000 images.

Hitler’s status as arch exponent of evil and violence shifted, in the early 21st century, to the

attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The fact that Google Books shows

almost double the number of books for this subject (7,400,000) than for Hitler demonstrates

the historical importance of the event. September 11 had such a fundamental impact on the

global consciousness that one is tempted to say that the 21st century commenced only on

this day—in other words, it can be considered a belated start to the 21st century, in much

the same way as the year 1989 can be viewed as a premature end to the 20th century. The

special status of “9/11” was confirmed by a bizarre pronouncement by composer Karlheinz

Stockhausen who, before a week had passed, referred to the attack on the World Trade

Center as “the greatest work of art that is possible in the whole cosmos”.2

The statement is, of course, in bad taste and, for most people, nonsensical; yet it shows

the privileged position held by violence and evil as objects of contemporary imagery, and their

particular appeal to artists. One is thus led to believe that the masterminds behind the attack

planned it for maximum visual effect; that their objective was to create an image, a symbol

with unprecedented impact on the modern mind. With only slight exaggeration, it could be

proposed that the attack on the World Trade Center was an attack on modern imagination,

staged in full awareness of the role that images play in our life.

Ten years on, it can be said that the reactions of politicians and the wider public to the

events of September 11, 2001 did fulfil the expectations of the perpetrators. The question,

however, has to be asked: Why we, under leadership of our politicians, mass media and some

artists, let the perpetrators’ agenda dominate our world—the agenda that is propagated by the

images of the World Trade Center destruction and the consequent flood of images of violence

associated with the so-called War on Terror? In other words, to what extent has the attack,

and responses to it, generated critical reflection upon the subjects of violence and evil in art

and theoretical discourse?

What are the critical interventions that have addressed the negative influence of these

images on contemporary modes of thought? Is there an alternative iconography that would

1 Lizze James, “Jim Morrison: Ten Years Gone“, Creem Magazine, 1981,http://archives.waiting-forthe-un.net/Pages/Interviews/JimInterviews/TenYearsGone.html

2 See Anthony Tommasini, “The Devil Made Him Do It,“ New York Times, September 30, 2001.

Úvod

Jaroslav Anděl: Střetnutí se zlem

Introduction

Jaroslav Anděl: Encountering Evil

17

3http://blog.ted.com/2011/02/03/phil-zimbardo-and-the-heroic-imagination-project-ted-blog-exclusive-video/

4 http://www.heroicimagination.org/

5 http://www.prisonexp.org/pdf/havelprize.pdf

6 Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority; An Experimental View, First Harper Perennial Modern Thought edition, New York 2009, s. 1.

7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment

jméno je nejčastěji spojováno s jeho Stanfordským vězeňským experimentem (1971), který

přesvědčivě demonstroval, jak negativní vliv mohou mít na člověka jisté sociální role a situace.

Zimbardova práce však v posledních deseti letech prodělala pozoruhodný vývoj od studia

negativních charakteristik lidské povahy k zájmu o její opačné rysy – vývoj, jejž Zimbardo

pojmenoval podle své pražské přednášky Moje cesta od zla k hrdinství, konané u příležitosti

výstavy. Jednou z propozic výstavy je, že Zimbardova odborná dráha může sloužit v současné

kritické době jako obecnější model umělecké a vědecké praxe.

Zimbardo upozorňuje, že víme podstatně víc o destruktivních prvcích lidské psychiky než

o pozitivním fenoménu, jakým je hrdinství.3 Právě hrdinství je hlavním tématem Zimbardova

posledního projektu s názvem Heroic Imagination Project, jenž spočívá v soustavné a dlou-

hodobé podpoře a dokumentaci hrdinských činů obyčejných lidí.4 Jedním z příkladů je pro

Zimbarda i občanské působení Václava Havla v době komunistického režimu. Zimbardo říká,

že Havel je jedním z jeho osobních hrdinů, který podnítil v myšlení svých spoluobčanů revoluci

vedoucí ke zhroucení mocné diktatury.5

Stanfordský vězeňský experiment se často uvádí v souvislosti s takzvaným Milgramovým

experimentem, jehož autorem je Stanley Milgram, sociální psycholog, který působil na Yales-

ké univerzitě a shodou okolností chodil se Zimbardem na stejnou střední školu v New Yorku.

Oba pocházeli z etnických menšin, což ovlivnilo směr jejich vědecké dráhy.

Milgram se narodil v maďarsko-rumunské židovské rodině a jeho experiment byl částečně

reakcí na nacistický holocaust. V úvodu knihy Obedience to Authority; An Experimental

View Milgram tuto souvislost výslovně připomněl: „Poslušnost jako determinanta chování má

v dnešní době zvláštní závažnost. Je spolehlivě doloženo, že mezi roky 1933 a 1945 byly na

příkaz systematicky vyvražděny miliony nevinných lidí.“6 Inspirací Milgramova pokusu se stal

proces s Adolfem Eichmannem, jehož začátek v Jeruzalémě jen o pár měsíců předcházel

zahájení Milgramova projektu. Klíčovým argumentem Eichmannovy obhajoby bylo tvrzení, že

pouze vykonával rozkazy svých nadřízených. Hlavní otázkou Milgramova experimentu tedy

bylo, kam až účastník pokusu může zajít v plnění příkazů autority, které jsou v rozporu s jeho

svědomím, než dané instrukce odmítne vykonávat.

Výsledky experimentu byly šokující. 65 % účastníků (v experimentu č. 18 to bylo dokonce

37 ze 40 účastníků) byla ochotno použít nejsilnější elektrický šok – 450 voltů. Milgramův

pokus vstoupil do širšího povědomí a stal se předmětem kontroverze (mimo jiné podnítil

zavedení nových etických pravidel pro psychologické experimenty), jeho výsledky se však

opakovaně potvrdily. Současně inspiroval, podobně jako Stanfordský vězeňský experiment,

nejen celou řadu pozdějších odborných pojednání, ale i populárních, například filmových

zpracování.7

Stanfordský vězeňský experiment proběhl mezi 14. a 19. srpnem 1971, tj. deset let po začát-

cích Milgramova experimentu. Byl podpořen grantem Amerického úřadu námořního výzkumu

(U. S. Office of Naval Research) pro potřeby námořnictva Spojených států, které se zajímalo

o příčiny konfliktů mezi vězni a vězeňskou stráží, což znamená, že historický kontext Stanford-

ského vězeňského experimentu se odlišoval od dobových souvislostí Milgramova experimen-

tu. Zimbardův pokus proběhl krátce po sociálních nepokojích konce 60. let a protestech proti

válce ve Vietnamu. Pouhé dva dny po předčasném ukončení experimentu ve Stanfordu byl

zastřelen radikální aktivista George Jackson v kalifornském vězení San Quentin, což podnítilo Úvo

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counter the negative agenda of the perpetrators and their counterparts, using potent images

and symbols to organize collective experience in a positive way? The objective of this

exhibition is to trigger discussion about these issues and to try to identify the work of artists

and scientists who are making strives in this direction.

The Stanford Prison Experiment and the Milgram Experiment

The exhibition title refers to a book by Philip Zimbardo, a leading American psychologist,

that explored the surprising ease with which we are capable of resorting to evil. Zimbardo

is chiefly associated with the Stanford Prison Experiment (1971) that credibly demonstrated

that certain social roles and situations have a notably negative impact on people’s conscience

and levels of compassion. In the last ten years, Zimbardo’s work has undergone remarkable

development, from the study of negative psychological characteristics to an interest in

opposite traits, a development that Zimbardo called My Journey from Evil to Heroism

in the title of the lecture he gave on the occasion of the exhibition in Prague. The show

proposes that Zimbardo’s scientific career may serve as a more general model of artistic

and scientific practice.

Zimbardo notes that we know considerably more about the destructive elements of the human

psyche than about positive phenomena such as heroism.3 Heroism is also the subject of

Zimbardo’s latest engagement, Heroic Imagination Project, based on his constant and

long-term documentation of heroic acts performed by ordinary people.4 For Zimbardo, Václav

Havel’s activities under the communist regime are an example of heroic imagination. Zimbardo

says that Havel is one of his personal heroes, a man who ignited a revolution in the thinking of

his fellow citizens that eventually led to the collapse of a mighty dictatorship.5

To understand Zimbardo’s scientific career better, it is useful to note its broader historical

context. The Stanford Prison Experiment is often cited together with the Milgram Experiment

(named after Stanley Milgram, a social psychologist at Yale University). By a strange

coincidence, both Zimbardo and Milgram went to the same secondary school in New York

and both came from ethnic minorities, which no doubt influenced their future careers.

Milgram was born into a Hungarian-Romanian Jewish family, and his experiment was created

in partial response to the Holocaust. Milgram points out the connection in the introduction to

his book Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View (1974): “Obedience as a behaviour

determinant is of special weight today. It has been positively proved that between 1933 and

1945 millions of innocent people were systematically killed to order.”6 The experiment was

inspired by the Adolf Eichmann trial, which had begun in Jerusalem only a few months before

Milgram’s project. The main pillar of Eichmann’s defense was that he had only been obeying

the orders of his superiors. The central question of Milgram’s experiment investigates the

length to which a subject is able to go to deny the dictates of his or her conscience before he

or she refuses to carry out instructions given by authority.

The results were shocking. The majority of subjects (in experiment number 18, as many as

37 out of 40 participants) were willing to inflict upon human subjects the most powerful electric

shock available—an incredible 450 volts. Milgram’s experiment became internationally famous

and generated considerable controversy, including questions about its ethical aspect (it also

led to the introduction of new ethical rules in psychological experiments), yet its results have

3http://blog.ted.com/2011/02/03/phil-zimbardo-and-the-heroic-imagination-project-ted-blog-exclusive-video/

4 http://www.heroicimagination.org/

5 http://www.prisonexp.org/pdf/havelprize.pdf

6 Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority; An Experimental View, First Harper Perennial Modern Thought edition, New York 2009, p. 1.

19

8 Philip G. Zimbardo, „The power and pathology of imprisonment“, Congressional Record (Serial No. 15, October 25, 1971), Hearings before Subcommittee No. 3, of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 92nd Congress, First Session on Corrections, Part II, Prisons, Prison Reform and Prisoners’ Rights: California. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

9 „Hegel někde poznamenal, že všechna světová historická fakta a osobnosti se objevují takříkajíc dvakrát. Zapomněl dodat: poprvé jako tragedie, podruhé jako fraška.“ Karl Marx, „Der 18te

Brumaire des Louis Napoleon“, Die Revolution (New York), 1, 1852.„Ti kteří si nemohou pamatovat minulost jsou odsouzeni ji opakovat.“ George Santyana, Life of Reason, Reason in Common Sense, Scribner‘s, New York 1905, s. 284.

10 Bruno Latour, „Some Experiments in Art and Politics,“ e-flux journal #23, březen 2011, http://e-flux.com/journal/view/217 http://www.bruno-latour.fr/expositions/SELON-BEAUBOURG.html

jednu z největších vězeňských vzpour v USA, která propukla 9. září téhož roku ve vězení ve

městě Attica ve státě New York.

Tato vězeňská vzpoura dala podnět ke zvláštnímu zasedání výboru amerického Kongre-

su pro soudnictví na téma nápravných zařízení a vězeňské reformy. Zasedání se konalo

25. 9. 1971, tedy necelé dva týdny po potlačení vzpoury. Profesor Zimbardo tam prezentoval

výsledky svého experimentu a jeho svědectví přispělo ke snaze reformovat vězeňský systém.8

Opakují se dějiny?

O třiatřicet let později propukl skandál vyvolaný fotografiemi z iráckého vězení Abu Ghraib,

jenž vedl k řadě vyšetřování. Historie se tu opakovala, jak dokládají nápadné shody mezi ně-

kterými fotografiemi ze Stanfordského experimentu s fotografiemi z Abu Ghraib. Zimbardo zde

opět účinkoval v roli expertního svědka, tentokrát v týmu obhajoby v procesu proti seržantu

Chipu Frederickovi, který v Abu Ghraib sloužil jako vězeňská stráž.

Představitelé americké vlády tvrdili, že v případu Abu Ghraib šlo jen o několik zkaže-

ných vězeňských strážců, a přirovnávali je k několika shnilým jablkům z celého koše. Jak

ale přesvědčivě ukázal Stanfordský vězeňský experiment několik desetiletí před Abu Ghraib

a jak argumentoval ve svém svědectví v procesu s Chipem Frederickem sám Zimbardo, šlo

spíš o případ, v němž klíčovou roli hrál negativní vliv vzniklé situace, ve které se ocitl jedinec

bez patřičného výcviku a vedení. Jinými slovy, nejednalo se o několik shnilých jablek, nýbrž

o prohnilý koš.

Moment opakování v dějinách je předmětem slavných výroků Karla Marxe a Georga San-

tyany, často citovaných v souvislosti s některými událostmi moderních a soudobých dějin.9

Opakování používá i umělecký žánr, nazývaný anglickým termínem re-enactment (česky přelo-

ženo jako „zopakování“), jenž se stal populárním v posledním desetiletí. Je příznačné a snad

i symbolické, že právě oba uvedené experimenty Stanleyho Milgrama a Philipa Zimbarda se

dočkaly v posledních letech zopakování v kontextu současného umění v dílech umělců Roda

Dickinsona a Artura Żmijewského.

Podle historika vědy Bruna Latoura, který se nechal inspirovat Dickinsonovou prací, „není

zopakování pouhým faksimile originálu, ale druhou verzí nebo druhým otiskem prvního příkladu,

dovolujícím zkoumání jeho původnosti.“10 Jak připomínají měnící se dobové souvislosti Milgra-

mova a Zimbardova experimentu, jejich zopakování umožňuje současně zkoumat dlouhodobé

shody a paralely i krátkodobé rozdíly. Je zřejmé, že Dickinsonovo a Żmijewského zopakování

je komentářem a reakcí na změny vyvolané 11. zářím 2001, jež našly své symbolické vyjádření

právě ve fotografiích z Abu Ghraib a ve výrazu „válka proti terorismu“ (War on Terror).

Vrací se zde opět otázka moci obrazů, jejich schopnosti uspořádat naši zkušenost do shr-

nujících výpovědí, které mají svou vlastní logiku a ovlivňují nejen naše myšlení, ale také naše

touhy a obavy. Tento koncept prezentoval americký teoretik W. J. T. Mitchell v knize What

Do Pictures Want? (2005) na příkladech několika konkrétních obrazů, mezi nimiž zaujaly

prominentní místo fotografie a videa útoku na World Trade Center. Podle Mitchella nejsou

obrazy jen věci, ale v divákově vědomí mají své vlastní intence a přání.11 Mitchell tuto teorii dále

rozvinul v nedávno vydané knize Cloning Terror (2011), jejíž osu tvoří spojnice mezi obrazem

destrukce World Trade Center a proslulou fotografií z Abu Ghraib představující zakukleného

vězně, která se podle Mitchella stala symbolem války proti terorismu. Úvo

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been repeatedly verified. Like the Stanford Prison Experiment, it inspired numerous works by

other scientists, writers and filmmakers.7

The Stanford Prison Experiment took place from April 14 to 19, 1971, or ten years after the

beginning of Milgram’s experiment. It was financed by a grant from the U.S. Office of Naval

Research for the American Navy, which was interested in the underlying logic of conflicts

between prisoners and guards, indicating that the historical context of the Stanford Prison

Experiment differed from that of the Milgram Experiment. Zimbardo’s work was carried out

shortly after the social unrest of the late 1960s, which was largely associated with protests

against the Vietnam War. Only two days after the premature ending of the Stanford Prison

Experiment, radical activist George Jackson was shot dead in San Quentin prison, California.

On September 9, 1971, the incident triggered one of the largest prison riots in the U.S., in

New York State’s Attica prison.

In reaction to the riot, a special meeting of the Judiciary Committee of Congress on the

subject of correctional facilities and prison reform was held on September 25, 1971, two

weeks after the suppression of the Attica uprising. Professor Zimbardo presented results of

his experiment at the meeting, and his testimony contributed to the efforts to reform the prison

system.8

Does history repeat itself?

When the scandal generated by photographs taken in the Abu Ghraib prison, Iraq, erupted 33

years later, there was a sense of deja vu among those who remembered the Stanford Prison

Experiment. The similarities between some of the photographs from the Stanford experiment

and those from Abu Ghraib are striking. Zimbardo was once more called as an expert witness,

this time for the defense in the trial of Staff Sergeant Chip Frederick, an Abu Ghraib guard.

Although the American government maintained that the Abu Ghraib scandal was a case of

a few bad apples in a barrel of good ones, Professor Zimbardo’s long-term experience led him

to the opposite view, that good apples had been put into a bad environment.

A couple of statements by Karl Marx and George Santyana are often invoked to characterize

events of modern and recent history, in particular the notion of history repeating itself.9 The

artistic genre called re-enactment that has recently become popular also evokes the notion.

In this context, it is significant that both the Milgram Experiment and the Stanford Prison

Experiment have been recently re-enacted by artists, notably by Rod Dickinson and Artur

Żmijewski.

According to the historian of science Bruno Latour, who was inspired by Dickinson´s

Milgram re-enactment, in this work “re-enactment is not a mere facsimile of the original but

a second version, or a second print of the first instance, allowing for the exploration of its

originality.”10 As indicated by a changing historical context of the two experiments, their re-

enactment makes it possible to examine long-term parallels and correspondences, as well as

short-term differences. It is evident that Dickinson’s and Żmijewski’s re-enactments represent

a response to the changes triggered by September 11, which found their symbolical

embodiment in the photographs from Abu Ghraib and in the expression “War on Terror”.

Here again the power of images comes to mind, notably the ability to organize our

experience into statements that have their own logic, which impacts not only our thinking but

7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment

8 Philip G. Zimbardo, “The power and pathology of imprisonment,” Congressional Record (Serial No. 15, October 25, 1971), Hearings before Subcommittee No. 3, of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 92nd Congress, First Session on Corrections, Part II, Prisons, Prison Reform and Prisoners’ Rights: California. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

9 “Hegel remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce.“ Karl Marx, “Der 18te Brumaire des Louis Bonaparte,“ Die Revolution (New York), 1, 1852.“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.“ George Santyana, Life of Reason, Reason in Common Sense, Scribner‘s, New York 1905, p. 284.

10 Bruno Latour, “Some Experiments in Art and Politics,“ e-flux journal #23, March 2011, http://e-flux.com/journal/view/217 http://www.bruno-latour.fr/expositions/SELON-BEAUBOURG.html

21Mitchellova ikonografická a historická analýza této fotografie končí příkladem práce

Hanse Haackeho Pozorování hvězd (2004), jež představuje reinterpretaci motivu zakuklené-

ho vězně. Mužská postava má přes hlavu kuklu s hvězdami americké vlajky. Na jedné straně

je připomínkou anonymity obětí mučení, na straně druhé, jak poukazuje Mitchell, to že se

jedná o bělocha a název práce může znamenat, že muž si kuklu na hlavu nasadil sám. Ona

zvláštní dvojznačnost Haackovy práce tak podle Mitchella postihuje zrcadlení mučitele a jeho

oběti: „Američané hledící ke hvězdám se skutečně nechali vodit za nos podivnou kombinací

nevědomosti a idealismu, slepoty a nevinnosti, ale také odmítnutím pochopit důsledky své

invaze a okupace Iráku.“12

Tato interpretace upozorňuje na širší etický kontext obrazů násilí a zla, který vyplývá ze

srovnání Haackovy práce s obrazovou dokumentací Stanfordského vězeňského experimentu

obsahující stejný motiv zakuklení. Zvláštní zrcadlení vězně a věznitele a dvojznačnost postavy

z Haackova Pozorování hvězd je možné vystopovat už v samotném Stanfordském vězeňském

experimentu, jmenovitě v Zimbardově dvojí roli vůdce experimentu a zároveň vězeňského ve-

litele a v etických otázkách, jež tato dvojí role a celý experiment vyvolaly.

Moc má tendenci korumpovat13

Klíčovým momentem vězeňského experimentu byla reakce psycholožky Christiny Maslach,

Zimbardovy přítelkyně. Když spatřila, jak věznitelé vedou vězně před spaním na toaletu s kuk-

lami na hlavách, udělalo se jí nevolno. Později popsala svou reakci a následný rozhovor se

Zimbardem při odchodu z vězení téhož dne takto: „Myslím, že čekal nějakou intelektuální

diskusi o tom, co se dělo. Místo toho jsem vybuchla. Začala jsem řvát, začala jsem křičet:

’Myslím, že je hrozné, co děláš těm hochům.‘ Plakala jsem. Neuvěřitelně jsme se pohádali

a já jsem začala přemýšlet: ’Znám tohoto chlápka vůbec? Ne, neznám, a to si s ním mám něco

začít?‘“14 Druhý den, po intervenci své přítelkyně, Zimbardo pokus předčasně přerušil. Poslé-

ze si uvědomil si, že moc, kterou měl ve dvojí roli vedoucího experimentu a velitele vězení, ho

korumpovala stejně, jako role vězeňských strážců korumpovala účastníky experimentu.

Kritický pohled na korumpující účinek moci je předmětem práce řady umělců, kteří jsou na

výstavě zastoupeni klasiky tohoto přístupu: již zmiňovaný Hans Haacke, Jenny Holzer, Harun

Farocki, Antoni Muntadas. K tomuto přístupu se hlásí rovněž skupina Bureau d‘études a oba

autoři zopakování Milgramova experimentu a Stanfordského vězeňského experimentu, Rod

Dickinson a Artur Żmijewski. Z českých autorů jsou to Magdalena Jetelová, skupina Pode Bal

či Milan Kozelka.

Každý z nich však pojímá téma svým specifickým způsobem. Jenny Holzer pracu-

je primárně s jazykem, ať už konfrontuje diváka s protikladnými významy všeobecně

přijímaných pravd, takzvaných truismů, nebo v politicky explicitních dílech představu-

je státem utajované texty dokumentující zneužívání moci. S dobovými dokumenty a daty

pracuje také většina ostatních umělců. Specifické místo zaujímá už zmíněný žánr zo-

pakování (re-enactment), který se může týkat konkrétní události, jíž je v případě Dickin-

sonovy a Żmijewského práce určitý vědecký experiment. Pokud má mít vědecký ex-

periment smysl, tj. pokud má být získaný výsledek ověřen, musí být experiment zo-

pakován. Naproti tomu zopakování prováděné umělcem neslouží primárně k ověření

získaných dat a je v zásadě jednorázové. V tomto ohledu připomíná policejní metodu Úvo

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11 Srovnej úvodní text na obálce W. J. T. Mitchell, What Do Pictures Want?, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2004, http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo3534152.html

12 http://bezalel.secured.co.il/8/mitchell.htm

13 Tato formulace pochází z dopisu Lorda Actona biskupovi Mandellu Creightonovi z roku 1887. Celá věta zní „Moc má sklon korumpovat, absolutní moc korumpuje absolutně“.

14 Kathleen O’Toole, „The Stanford Prison Experiment: Still powerful after all these years“, Stanford News Service, 8. 1. 1997, s. 30. http://news.stanford.edu/pr/97/970108prisonexp.html

also our desires and fears. American theorist W. J. T. Mitchell proposed this notion in his book

What Do Pictures Want? (2005) and developed it by elaborating on several specific images,

including the attack on the World Trade Center. According to Mitchell, images are not simply

“inert objects that convey meaning but as animated beings with desires, needs, appetites,

demands, and drives of their own”.11 Mitchell advanced this theory further in his most recent

book Cloning Terror (2011), in which he follows a trajectory from the images of the World

Trade Center’s destruction to the infamous picture from Abu Ghraib of a hooded man standing

on a box, which Mitchell presents as a symbol of the war on terrorism.

Mitchell closes his iconographical and historical analysis with a reflection on the work by

Hans Haacke entitled Star Gazing (2004) that represents a reinterpretation of the above-

mentioned image of an Abu Ghraib prisoner. A male figure has a hood over his head that is

covered with stars of the American flag, invoking the anonymity of tortured victims—yet, as

Mitchell notes, the white skin and the rested pose suggests that he could have put the hood

over his head himself. This curious ambiguity of Haacke‘s work thus captures a mirroring

of torturer and victim. According to Mitchell, “the star—gazing Americans let themselves be

hoodwinked by a peculiar combination of ignorance and idealism, blindness and innocence,

a refusal to understand the consequences of their invasion and occupation of Iraq.”12

This interpretation foregrounds a broader ethical context of images of evil and violence. It

becomes evident when one juxtaposes Haacke’s work with the visual records of the Stanford

Prison Experiment that include the same motif of hooded prisoners. One can trace the curious

mirroring of torturer and victim back to the Stanford Prison Experiment, notably to the ethical

questions that emerged as it was carried out.

Power tends to corrupt13

The decisive moment in the experiment’s course occurred when the psychologist Christine

Maslach, who had become romantically involved with Zimbardo at the time, witnessed

guards leading hooded prisoners to the evening toilet and felt sick to her stomach. She

described her reaction and conversation with Zimbardo. After leaving the prison for the day

with Zimbardo, she said he asked her what she thought of it. “I think he expected some

sort of great intellectual discussion about what was going on. Instead, I started to have

this incredible emotional outburst. I started to scream, I started to yell, ‘I think it is terrible

what you are doing to those boys!’ I cried. We had a fight you wouldn’t believe, and I was

beginning to think, Wait a minute, I don’t know this guy. I really don’t, and I’m getting involved

with him?”14

Thanks to the intervention of Maslach, Zimbardo ended the experiment the next day. He

realized that the power he held in the double role of the experiment leader and the prison

supervisor corrupted him in the same manner as the prison guard role had corrupted the

experiment subjects.

The corrupting effect of power is revisited again and again by social thinkers as well as by

artists. Not surprisingly, it is addressed by a number of artists represented in the exhibition,

including some of the classics of this approach such as Jenny Holzer, Harun Farocki, Antoni

Muntadas, and the already-mentioned Hans Haacke. One can also find the subject in the work

of the group Bureau d’études, both authors of the Milgram and Stanford Prison Experiment

11 See the cover blurb for W. J. T. Mitchell, What Do Pictures Want?, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2004, http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo3534152.html

12 http://bezalel.secured.co.il/8/mitchell.htm

13 This phrase comes from the Letter to Bishop Mandell Creighton by Lord Acton written in 1887. The whole sentence reads “Power tends to corrupt, absolute power corrupts absolutely.” 14 Kathleen O’Toole, “The Stanford Prison Experiment: Still powerful after all these years,” Stanford News Service, January 8, 1997, p. 30. http://news.stanford.edu/pr/97/970108prisonexp.html

23rekonstrukce. Nemá ovšem její instrumentální povahu, ale spíš symbolický charakter, a pro-

to má nejblíže k dokumentární dramatizaci používané ve filmu.

Umělci mohou také přejímat specifické vědecké postupy a metodologie, aniž by chtěli

určitou událost nebo pokus zopakovat. Například skupina Bureau d‘études používá při své

kritické práci s daty metody mapování převzaté ze sociální geografie. Farocki a Muntadas

se soustřeďují na zkoumání moci z hlediska využití médií a technologií jako film nebo video

a demonstrují, jak jsou moderní média úzce spjata s rétorikou a rituály moci. Tvorba těchto

dvou umělců odkazuje k dílu francouzského myslitele Michela Foucaulta, který se zabýval

technikami moci, jež se výrazně uplatňují v moderních institucích vynucujících si konformitu

jedince s normami společnosti.

Umělci také často kombinují motivy a postupy pocházející z nejrůznějších oborů. Například

Tajná zpráva skupiny Pode Bal evokuje postupy zpravodajských služeb a investigativního novi-

nářství i žánr spikleneckých teorií a kombinuje je s motivem materiálního odpadu a jeho případné

recyklace. Magdalena Jetelová v rozsáhlé instalaci Místo činu se již názvem své práce odvolává

k metodám policejního vyšetřování, současně však využívá specifických historických dokumentů

prezentovaných symbolickým způsobem: jednotlivé články lidských práv jsou vytištěny speciální

tiskařskou barvou, která je vidět pouze v ultrafialovém světle, policejní zprávy a soudní dokumenty

z období totalitního režimu vytvářejí v mnohonásobném zvětšení spolu s chvějícími se obřími zr-

cadlovými fóliemi symbolické poselství o zneužívání moci a obludné podobě totalitního systému.

Hranice mezi dobrem a zlem existují v každém z nás15

Kritický a reflexivní přístup k tématům zla a násilí může být však sám o sobě problematic-

ký kvůli svému zaměření na negativní stránky, jak ostatně připomínají etické otázky vyvolané

Stanfordským vězeňským experimentem. Zmíněná reakce Christiny Maslach názorně uka-

zuje, že Zimbardo se ve své dvojí roli sám nechtěně stal pokusnou osobou. Právě tato zku-

šenost ho přivedla k poznání, že zlo neexistuje mimo nás a že hranice mezi zlem a dobrem,

existující v každém člověku, není fixní a nepropustná. Tento náhled má zásadní význam pro

uchopení tématu, neboť upozorňuje na internalizaci etických principů dobra a zla. Současně

tím naší imaginaci nabízí šanci postavit proti pokušení zla a násilí opačný pohyb, směrem

k dobru, jehož vyústěním je Zimbardův koncept hrdinské imaginace. Principy dobra a zla

jsou v různých dobách a kulturách zobrazeny nejčastěji prostřednictvím černobílých symbolů

a jejich vzájemným bojem. Zimbardovo uchopení duality dobra a zla v Luciferově efektu však

předkládá specifičtější představu o člověku: jako o místě, kde tento nesmiřitelný a odvěký boj

probíhá – představu, která je působivě vyjádřena v dávné indiánské legendě:

„Starý indián kmene Čerokézů poučoval svého vnuka o životě: ’V mém nitru probíhá zápas,

je to strašný zápas mezi dvěma vlky. Jeden je špatný – je to vztek, závist, žárlivost, smutek,

sobectví, hrubost, nenávist, sebelítost, faleš, namyšlenost a ego. Ten druhý je dobrý. Je to

radost, pokoj, láska, naděje, vyrovnanost, skromnost, laskavost, empatie, štědrost, věrnost,

soucit a důvěra. Stejný zápas probíhá i uvnitř tebe a také uvnitř každého člověka.‘ Vnuk o tom

všem přemýšlel a po chvíli se zeptal: ‚A který vlk vyhraje?‘ Starý indián odpověděl: ’Ten kterého

krmíš.’”16

V Luciferově efektu upozorňuje Zimbardo na skutečnost, že zlo symbolizované Luciferem

si vždycky začíná podrobovat člověka nikoli ve své syrové podobě, nýbrž ve zdánlivých malič- Úvo

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15 Tato věta je parafrází slavného výroku Alexandra Solženicyna ze Souostroví Gulag (1973), která je použita jako vstupní motto do výstavy: „Kdyby to všechno bylo tak jednoduché! Kdyby existovali zlí lidé,kteří by někde záludně páchali zlé činy, bylo by nutné je jen oddělit od nás ostatních a zničit. Ale hranice rozdělující dobro a zlo prochází srdcem každé lidské bytosti. A kdo je ochoten zničit kus vlastního srdce?“

16 http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TwoWolves-Cherokee.html

reenactments, Rod Dickinson and Artur Żmijewski, Czech artists Magadalena Jetelová, the

group Pode Bal, and Milan Kozelka.

Each of them, however, treats the subject in her/his own specific manner. Jenny Holzer

primarily employs language, for instance, to confront the viewer with contradictory meanings

of claims that are regarded as self-evident (i.e., truisms) or when, in her politically explicit

paintings, she appropriates undisclosed documents from U.S. government agencies.

Most other artists also work with various documents and data, including the authors of

works based on the re-enactment of historical events. These events might be also famous

scientific experiments such as the Milgram or the Stanford Prison experiments, in the case

of Dickinson and Żmijewski. However, while a scientific experiment has to be duplicated to

verify its findings, artistic re-enactments are in principle one-of-a-kind and their objective is

not data verification. In this regard, they are more like a police reconstruction, but without its

instrumental character. They highlight narrative elements and have a symbolical character,

and are thus reminiscent of docu-drama methods in documentary films.

Artists can also appropriate specific scientific methods and methodologies without

duplicating certain experiments. For instance, the group Bureau d‘études, which works with

social, economic, and political data in a critical manner, adopted the method of mapping taken

from social geography. Farocki and Muntadas examine the collusion of power and modern

technologies like film and video, while demonstrating how mass media propagate power‘s

rituals and rhetoric. Their work references Michel Foucault, who studied the techniques of

modern institutions that enforce individuals‘ conformity with norms of society.

Artists also often combine motifs and devices that come from various fields and sources.

For instance, Pode Bal‘s Secret Report mixes elements reminiscent of investigative

journalism, intelligence agencies reports, and conspiracy theories with the motif of material

waste and recycling. In her extensive installation entitled Crime Site, Magdalena Jetelová

invokes the method of police investigation by using historical documents in a symbolical way:

the individual articles of Human Rights are printed in special ink visible only under ultra-violet

light, the police reports and court records related to political prisoners from the period of

the Communist regime are pasted in hyper-enlarged formats on the floor and, together with

enormous vibrating panels of mirror foil, create a symbolic message about the monstrosity of

a totalitarian regime.

The divide between good and evil runs through each of us15

The exclusive focus on the subject of evil, however, can by itself be as problematic in the arts

as in science. This is manifested by the previously described reaction of Christina Maslach to

the Stanford Prison Experiment and by the ethical questions it raised. It was exactly the impact

of the experiment on its subjects—and more so on the experimenter—that made Zimbardo

realize that evil doesn’t exist outside us and that the boundaries between this intrinsic good

and evil are impermeable. This insight has fundamental significance for grasping the notion of

evil as it foregrounds the internalization of good and evil as ethical principles. It thus offers our

imagination a chance to counter the seductive forces of evil and violence, and to move them in

the opposite direction—a direction that led Zimbardo, in his own words on his journey from evil

to heroism. In different cultures and times, the principles of good and evil are most frequently

15 This paraphrases the following famous statement by Alexander Solzhenitsyn from Gulag Archipelago (1973) which serves as the introductory motto to the exhibition: “If only there were evil people somewhere insidiously committing evil deeds, and it were necessary only to separate them from the rest of us and destroy them. But the line dividing good and evil cuts through the heart of every human being. And who is willing to destroy a piece of his own heart?“

25

17 Philip Zimbardo, „Evil’s Seven Step Seduction Scenario“,http://www.docstoc.com/docs/34994278/Evils-Seven-Step-Seduction-Scenario

18 Zuzana Kubátová, „Bém, Topolánek, Dalík a Řebíček. Muži, které Babiš kritizuje kvůli nárůstu korupce“, September 19, 2011, http://byznys.ihned.cz/analyzy-a-komentare/c1-52895590-bem-topolanek-dalik-a-rebicek-muzi-ktere-babis-kritizuje-kvuli-narustu-korupce

19 Petr Holub, „To si němečtí manažeři opravdu myslí o Česku: Džungle“, 7. 6. 2011, http://aktualne.centrum.cz/ekonomika/penize/clanek.phtml?id=702637

20 http://www.wkv-stuttgart.de/en/programme/2010/exhibitions/the-art-of-not/datescredits/

21 Melanie Crean, „Interview with Kryzstof Wodiczko“, 10. 9. 2010, http://shapeofchange.com/blog/?p=450

kostech každodenního života, jež tolerujeme nebo v nichž sami účinkujeme, jako jsou šikana,

rasistické vtipy, pomluvy či malé podvody.17 Co začne jako malé tolerování úplatků a porušo-

vání zákona, se rychle rozbují do nevídaných měřítek. Neuvěřitelný nárůst korupce v České

republice včetně prorůstání organizovaného zločinu do státní správy je čítankovým příkladem

působení Luciferova efektu. Podle svědectví jednoho z nejbohatších domácích podnikatelů

stouply úplatky zástupcům státní správy za poslední desetiletí o tisíce procent.18 Česká re-

publika skončila v nedávné anketě německých manažerů ze všech postkomunistických zemí

v kategorii veřejných zakázek na posledním místě, za Rumunskem, Bulharskem, Makedonií

a Albánií.19

Lidé, kteří se ptají, jak mohou občané středoevropské země odvolávající se na svou tradici

demokracie mezi dvěma světovými válkami tento vývoj dopustit a dál ho tolerovat, najdou

v Luciferově efektu četná vodítka, která jim umožní současné situaci lépe porozumět. Najdou

zde popis konkrétních postupů, jimiž zlo svádí člověka. Naprostá většina z nich je nám všem

důvěrně známá z každodenního života, aniž bychom je však viděli ve vzájemných souvislos-

tech. Seznámení s jednotlivými scénáři, jimiž se zlo řídí, pak umožňuje jednotlivci i celému

společenství se zlu nejen bránit, ale také se mu aktivně stavět na odpor. Základním princi-

pem je poznatek, který se znovu a znovu vrací v moderních dějinách: že totiž mlčení, pasivita

a nečinnost z nás dělají spolupachatele zla.

Zdá se, že se toto uvědomění v poslední době šíří světem, jak demonstrují nejen revoluce

v řadě arabsky mluvících zemí, ale také protesty proti zkorumpované demokracii ve městech

na celém světě. Příklady dvou protestních hnutí, která v Evropě předcházela současnému

pohybu, jsou součástí výstavy a jejich představení tvoří její logické završení: 15M v Madridu

a hnutí proti developerskému projektu S21 ve Stuttgartu. Zatímco madridská iniciativa je za-

stoupena manifestem, hesly a plakáty, jež jsou odpovědí na otevřenou výzvu, protestní hnutí

S21 je prezentováno ve spolupráci s Württembergische Kunstverein obsáhlou instalací s vý-

stižným názvem Umění nenechat si takto vládnout, která vznikla spoluprací umělců, archi-

tektů, teoretiků a byla původně představena jako samostatná výstava ve Stuttgartu.20

Obě hnutí a jejich prezentace ukazují, jak je možné spojením umělecké praxe s občanskými

aktivitami obrátit kritický přístup fixující se na negativní jevy pozitivním směrem. Modelovým

příkladem takového přístupu je už po několik desetiletí tvorba Krzysztofa Wodiczka, který

se na výstavě představuje Projekcí z Tijuany. Wodiczko pro svůj přístup razí termín tázací

návrhářství (Interrogative Design), který nedávno popsal následujícím způsobem: „Tázací

návrhářství má co dělat s reakcí na potřeby, jež by neměly v civilizovaném světě existovat.

Naneštěstí existují. Je to skandál, že existují. Návrhářství, které odpovídá na takové potřeby,

má tudíž z jejich existence udělat skandál. Tyto návrhy mají mnohočetné cíle. Jedním cílem je

odpovídat na potřeby, jež nemají existovat, jako na havarijní případ, takže pomůže některým

lidem zlepšit jejich životní podmínky a pomůže jim přežít. Druhým cílem je pojmenovat situaci

a podmínky lidem, kteří takové potřeby nemají. Šířením porozumění, poznání a emocionálního

kontaktu s potřebami, jež nemají existovat, přispějí takové projekty a návrhy, doufejme, ke

zvýšenému vědomí podobných nepřijatelných situací a podmínek.“21

Jestliže umělci Wodiczkova typu dosud představovali v obecné umělecké praxi spíše výjim-

ku, je naděje, že v současné kritické situaci se jejich přístup stane příkladem a inspirací pro další

autory, kteří jsou nespokojeni se současnými modely umělecké produkce. Podobně Zimbardův Úvo

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represented as black-and-white symbols that find themselves in mutual conflict. There is,

however, an internalized image of this battle in the notion that we are the battleground between

these opposing forces. This notion is implicit in Zimbardo’s concept of the impermeability of

the boundaries between good and evil, and one that can be found in folk wisdom, such as the

following Cherokee legend:

An old Cherokee is teaching his grandson about life: A fight is going on inside me, he

said to the boy. It is a terrible fight and it is between two wolves. One is evil—he is anger,

envy, sorrow, regret, greed, arrogance, self-pity, guilt, resentment, inferiority, lies, false

pride, superiority, and ego. The other is good—he is joy, peace, love, hope, serenity, humility,

kindness, benevolence, empathy, generosity, truth, compassion, and faith. This same fight is

going on inside you, and inside every other person, too. The grandson thought about it for

a minute and then asked his grandfather, Which wolf will win? The old Cherokee simply

replied, The one you feed.16

In Zimbardo’s words, Lucifer is “never taking on leading roles” and “conceals his charismatic

power behind a variety of masks.” In his Lucifer Effect, he makes a point that evil starts with

small things; everyday details that we don’t pay enough attention to, such as bullying, making

racist jokes, spreading rumors or cheating.17 All these make up the slippery slope that leads to

a greater, or consummate evil. Bending regulations and laws, tolerating bribes and kickbacks

can quickly grow to unexpected proportions. The unbelievable escalation of corruption,

including the infiltration of the government by organized crime in the Czech Republic, is

a case in point. According to the testimony of one of the richest businessman in the Czech

Republic, the percentage of bribes to government officials grew by the thousands in the last

decade.18 In the recent polls of German managers who rated the public procurement process

in the post-communist countries, the Czech Republic ranked last, behind Romania, Bulgaria,

Makedonia and Albania.19

People may wonder how citizens of a Central European country that is proud of its

democratic tradition between World War I and World War II could let this happen. They can

find many clues in The Lucifer Effect to help them to better understand it. The reader will

find a description of specific steps that Lucifer uses to push us to the dark side. Although

we encounter most of them almost on daily basis, we don’t identify them with evil and so

don’t connect one to the next. To be acquainted with this scenario of seduction enables

individuals and communities to become resistant to evil; it may even inspire them to stand

up to it. The fundamental lesson that emerges from history again and again is that silence,

passivity, inaction are both necessary and sufficient for evil to flourish.

As the recent revolts in Arab-speaking countries and the protest against corrupt

democracies in cities across the globe would indicate, this recognition is increasingly

spreading throughout the world. The two examples of the protest movements in Europe that

preceded the current demonstrations, 15M in Madrid and the movement against the S21

development in Stuttgart, are included in the exhibition and function as its logical conclusion.

The Madrid initiative is represented by its manifesto, slogans, and posters created in response

to the Madrid organizers’ open call. The Stuttgart development S21 and the corresponding

protest movement are the subject of the large installation appropriately titled Art of Not Being

Governed Like That, which is presented in collaboration with Württembergische Kunstverein

16 http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TwoWolves-Cherokee.html

17 Philip Zimbardo, „Evil’s Seven Step Seduction Scenario,“http://www.docstoc.com/docs/34994278/Evils-Seven-Step-Seduction-Scenario

18 Zuzana Kubátová, “Bém, Topolánek, Dalík a Řebíček. Muži, které Babiš kritizuje kvůli nárůstu korupce,” September 19, 2011, http://byznys.ihned.cz/analyzy-a-komentare/c1-52895590-bem-topolanek-dalik-a-rebicek-muzi-ktere-babis-kritizuje-kvuli-narustu-korupce

19 Petr Holub, “To si němečtí manažeři opravdu myslí o Česku: Džungle,” June 7, 2011, http://aktualne.centrum.cz/ekonomika/penize/clanek.phtml?id=702637

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22 http://madrid.tomalaplaza.net/manifiesto-2/

Projekt heroické imaginace (Heroic Imagination Project) překračuje rámec tradičního vě-

deckého provozu. Patří k těm přístupům k fungování současné vědy, jež redefinují étos vě-

decké praxe a otevírají možnost spolupráce s občanskými a uměleckými iniciativami na nové

platformě.

Naše výstava je pokusem přispět k této nové spolupráci mezi uměleckými, vědeckými

a občanskými iniciativami v lokálním i mezinárodním měřítku. Oslovuje občanské organizace

a současně se obrací na místní i mezinárodní umělce prostřednictvím otevřené výzvy, rozvíjí

spolupráci se Zimbardovou nadací HIP a oslovuje podobně smýšlející jednotlivce i instituce

na různých kontinentech v duchu hesla madridského hnutí 15M „Zítra je pozdě. Změna nás

potřebuje hned!“22

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in Stuttgart, as this joint project of artists, architects, and theorists was originally created and

shown in Stuttgart.20

Both movements and presentations demonstrate how linking artistic practice to civic

engagement can transform critical approaches fixated on negative phenomena to achieve

positive effects. The work of Krzysztof Wodiczko, represented in the exhibition by Projection

from Tijuana, has been a primary example of such an approach for several decades. Wodiczko

coined the term “interrogative design” for his approach and describes it in the following

statement, which deserves to be quoted at length for its clarity: “This interrogative design has

to do with responding to the needs that should not exist in a civilized world. Unfortunately, they

do exist. It is a scandalous situation that they exist. Therefore, the design of a response to such

needs should also make a scandal of their existence. These designs have multiple objectives.

One objective is to respond to the needs that should not exist as an emergency matter, so

that it will help some people to ameliorate the conditions of life and help them to survive. The

second objective is to articulate the situation and conditions themselves to people who do

not have such needs. By disseminating an understanding knowledge and emotional contact

with the needs that should not exist, such projects and design hopefully will contribute to an

increased consciousness about such unacceptable situations and conditions.”21

If artists like Wodiczko have thus far represented an exception to the rule of the dominant

paradigm, there is a hope that, in the present critical situation, their approach can become

an example and inspiration to other artists who are dissatisfied with the established modes

of artistic production Similarly, Zimbardo’s Heroic Imagination Project transgresses the

boundaries of how normal science operates. It belongs to those approaches that redefine the

ethos of scientific practice and open possibilities of collaboration between scientific, artistic,

and civic groups on a new platform.

This exhibition is an attempt to contribute to this new collaboration between scientific,

artistic, and civic initiatives on a local and an international level. It is reaching out to civic

organizations and seeking to engage local and international artists by means of an open

call, while developing joint projects with Zimbardo’s foundation. It invites kindred souls,

individuals, and institutions on different continents to join this effort in the spirit of the 15M

motto, “Tomorrow is too late. The change is coming for us.”22

20 http://www.wkv-stuttgart.de/en/programme/2010/exhibitions/the-art-of-not/datescredits/

21 Melanie Crean, “Interview with Krzysztof Wodiczko,” September 10, 2010, http://shapeofchange.com/blog/?p=450

22 http://madrid.tomalaplaza.net/manifiesto-2/

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Obyčejní lidé, dělající prostě svou práci bez jakéhokoli pocitu nějakého nepřátelství, se mohou stát aktéry strašného ničivého procesu. Když po nich autorita žádá, aby konali činy neslučitelné se základními morálními principy, přestože jejich ničivé důsledky jsou naprosto zřejmé, jen relativně málo z nich má potřebnou sílu vzdorovat.Stanley Milgram

Ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in

a terrible destructive process. Moreover, even when the destructive effects of their work become patently clear,

and they are asked to carry out actions incompatible with fundamental standards of morality, relatively few people

have the resources needed to resist authority.Stanley Milgram

Milgramův experiment Milgram Experiment

Pro studium poslušnosti jsme vyvinuli jednoduchý postup. Do laboratoře přijde účastník pokusu a v kontextu

experimentu zaměřeného na proces učení má jinému účastníkovi (tím je ve skutečnosti herec) dávat stále

silnější elektrošoky, pokud špatně odpoví na otázku. Účelem experimentu je zjistit, jak daleko subjekt zajde,

než pokyny vedoucího experimentu odmítne, a s elektrošoky přestane. Dvacet šest ze čtyřiceti subjektů

přivodilo „žákům“ elektrošoky dosahující nejvyššího bodu stupnice generátoru.1 Stanley Milgram

A simple procedure is devised for studying obedience. A person comes to the laboratory and, in the context of

a learning experiment, is told to give increasingly severe shocks to another person (who is actually an

actor). The purpose of the experiment is to see how far a subject will proceed before refusing to comply

with the experimenter’s instructions. Twenty-six of forty subjects administered the highest shocks on the

generator.1 Stanley Milgram

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ent

Pobídka 1: „Pokračujte prosím.“

Pobídka 2: „Experiment vyžaduje, abyste pokračoval.“

Pobídka 3: „Je naprosto zásadní, abyste pokračoval.“

Pobídka 4: „Nemáte jinou možnost, musíte pokračovat.“3

Prod 1: “‘Please continue’ or ‘Please go on.’”

Prod 2: “The experiment requires that you continue.”

Prod 3: “It is absolutely essential that you continue.”

Prod 4: “You have no other choice, you must go on.”3

33O vlivu trestu na proces učení je toho známo velmi málo, protože dosud nebyly provedeny vědecké

studie na lidech.

Například nevíme, jak trest souvisí s úspěchy při učení nebo nakolik záleží na tom, kdo trestá, či zda

se dospělý učí lépe od mladšího nebo staršího člověka, a mnoho dalších věcí.

Pro tuto studii jsme vybrali skupinu dospělých různých profesí a různého stáří. Někteří z nich před-

stavují učitele, jiní žáky. Chceme zjistit, jaký vliv mají lidé jeden na druhého jakožto učitelé a žáci a jaký

vliv bude mít trest na podmínky učení.

Proto jednoho z vás poprosím, aby se dnes večer stal učitelem a druhý žákem.

Chce si někdo z vás roli vybrat?2

But actually we know very little about the effect of punishment on learning, because almost no truly

scientific studies have been made of it in human beings.

For instance, we don’t know how much punishment is best for learning, and we don’t know how

much difference it makes as to who is giving the punishment, whether an adult learns best from

a younger or an older person than himself, or many things of that sort.

So in this study we are bringing together a number of adults of different occupations and ages. And

we’re asking some of them to be teachers and some of them to be learners. We want to find out just what

effect different people have on each other as teachers and learners, and also what effect punishment will

have on learning in this situation.

Therefore, I’m going to ask one of you to be the teacher here tonight and the other one to be the learner.

Does either of you have a preference?2

Milg

ram

ův e

xper

imen

t / M

ilgra

m E

xper

imen

t

35

Milg

ram

ův e

xper

imen

t / M

ilgra

m E

xper

imen

t

Výsledky, které jsme pozorovali a zažili v labora toři,

jsou pro autora studie znepokojující. Ukazují vyso-

kou pravděpodobnost toho, že na lidskou povahu,

nebo přesněji řečeno na charakter lidí utvářený

americkou demokratickou společností, se nelze

spolehnout, že ochrání svého občana před bruta-

litou a nehumánním zacházením z příkazu zlovolné

autority. Velká část lidí udělá přesně to, co je jim

řečeno, bez ohledu na obsah příkazu a bez výči-

tek svědomí, pokud mají pocit, že jim pokyn dává

legitimní autorita. Jestliže v průběhu studie dokázal

anonymní vedoucí experimen tu přimět dospělé lidi

k tomu, aby padesátiletému muži přes jeho hlasité

protesty působili bolestivé elektrošoky, můžeme jen

tušit, k čemu by mohla donutit své občany vláda,

disponující daleko větší autoritou a prestiží. Otázka,

zda by v americké společnosti mohly povstat zlo-

volné politické instituce, je pochopitelně nesmírně

důležitá – tím se však zde popsaný výzkum nezabý-

vá.4 Stanley Milgram

The results, as seen and felt in the laboratory, are

to this author disturbing. They raise the posibility

that human nature, or—more specifically—the kind

of character produced in American democra tic so-

ciety, cannot be counted on to insulate its citizen

from brutality and inhumane treatment at the directi-

on of malevolent authority. A substantial proportion

of people do what they are told to do, irrespecti-

ve of the content of the act and without limitati-

ons of conscience, so long as they perceive that

the command comes from a legitimate autho rity.

If in this study an anonymus experimenter could

successfully command adults to subdue a fif ty-

year-old man, and force on him painful electric

shocks againts his protests, one can only wonder

what government, with its vastly greater autority and

prestige, can command of its subjects. There is, of

course, the extremely important questions of whe-

ther malevolent political institutions could or would

arise in American society. The present re search

contributes nothing to this issue.4 Stanley Milgram

Rod Dickinson Tento film je rekonstrukcí jednoho z psychologických experimentů Stanleyho Milgrama, provede-

ných na univerzitě v Yale v roce 1961. Výzkum se zabýval otázkou, jak daleko jsou lidé ochotni zajít

v poslušnosti vůči autoritám. Účastníci se domnívali, že jsou součástí experimentu na testování pa-

měti a učení, a v jeho průběhu byli vybízeni k tomu, aby jinému účastníkovi přivodili zdánlivě reálné

elektrošoky, pokud odpoví chybně. Skutečným cílem experimentu bylo otestovat hranici, kam až bu-

dou účastníci ochotni zajít při plnění příkazů autority představované vědcem. Dokázali by někomu

způsobit bolest? Při původním pokusu byli „vědec“ i „žák“ herci. Při tomto zopakování experimentu

byli herci všichni zúčastnění; a všichni také věděli, že se nejedná o opravdové elektrošoky. Film

sestává z osmi segmentů o délce 20 až 25 minut. Každý segment zobrazuje jiného účastníka, jak

v reálném čase absolvuje experiment. Celková délka filmu je 3 hodiny 40 minut.5 Rod Dickinson

This film is a reconstruction of one of Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to Authority psychology experi-

ments conducted at Yale University in 1961. Milgram’s subjects thought they were taking part in

a memory and learning test, during the course of which they were encouraged to give seemingly

real electric shocks to another subject. The experiment was in fact designed to test the limits to

which subjects would follow the orders of an authority figure—a scientist. Would they be prepared

to hurt someone? In reality the scientist and victim were actors. In the re-enactment all the parti-

cipants were actors; no one was fooled into thinking they were giving electric shocks. The film is

eight 20–25 minute discreet segments. Each segment depicts a different subject going through the

experiment in real time. The total running time is 3 hours 40 minutes.5 Rod Dickinson

Zopakování Milgramova experimentu /The Milgram Re-enactment2002

Videoinstalace, 3 hod 40 min, 18 černobílých fotografií / Video installation with 18 black-and-white photographs, 3 hours 40 min

Se svolením autorů / Courtesy the artists

Rod

Dic

kins

on37

Ve spolupráci s / In collaboration with Graeme Edler & Steve Rushton

jméno umělce 39

Rod

Dic

kins

on

Veškeré umělecké aktivity jsou založeny na reprezentačních systémech, jimiž se umění pokouší

dát viditelnou podobu různým diskurzům nebo osobním pocitům. K takovým systémům patří kresba,

malba, plastika atd. Spektrum témat, které tyto systémy znázorňují, se pohybuje od reprezentace

skutečnosti po reprezentaci fenoménů iracionality, od hmatatelné reality po mytickou fikci, od poli-

tického pamfletu po halucinaci. K těmto tradičním, viditelným systémům a technikám se v poslední

době přidružily další systémy, které povstaly z technického vývoje ve sféře médií. Média, jevící se

zdánlivě jako neutrální nosiče čistého diskurzu, jsou manipulována neviditelnými systémy.

Jak dominantní skupiny ve společnosti, tak i ti, kdo jsou v opozici, v kontextu současného poli-

tického boje artikulují a šíří informace prostřednictvím svého chápání a manipulací těchto „neviditel-

ných mechanismů“. Udržení si moci závisí na „svedení mas“. Různé mediální strategie, podprahová

sdělení a další procesy jsou pak „parfémem a květinami“ při tomto svádění.

Spíše než zbraněmi se moc prosazuje prostřednictvím mediálních kampaní, plakátů, rozhlasu

a televize – tedy zvukem a obrazem.6 Antoni Muntadas

All artistic activities have been based on representational systems that try to give visible form to

various discourses or personal perceptions. Such systems include drawing, painting, sculpture, and

so on. The spectrum of themes these systems represent ranges from the representation of reality

to the representation of the phenomena of irreality, from hard reality to mythical fiction, from the

political pamphlet to hallucination. These traditional visible systems and techniques have been

joined by other systems which have grown out of recent technical developments in the sphere of

media. Media, which appear as the neutral carriers of pure discourse, are manipulated by invisible

systems.

Within the context of current political struggle, both dominant groups and those in opposition

articulate and disseminate information through their understanding and manipulation of these

“invisible mechanisms”. The retention of power depends on the “seduction of the masses”. Various

media strategies, subliminal techniques and other processes constitute the “perfume and flowers” of

this seduction.

Via media campaigns, posters, radio and television, power is enforced, though not so much by

the gun as by sound and image.6 Antoni Muntadas

Antoni Muntadas

Anto

ni M

unta

das

41

Portrét / Portrait 1994

Videoprojekce, zvuk / Video projection, sound, 7 min

Se svolením autora / Courtesy the artist

Instalace / Installation: Kent Gallery, New York, USA, 1995

Bureau d’études 43

Bur

eau

d’ét

udes

psychologicalcomplex(medias)

petroleumcartel

President and CEO

Chairman

WilliamJ. Mc

Donough

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision"comité de

Bâle"

CFR

Fed1/4 world

gold reserve

Banque forInternationalSettlements

(BIS)

créa 1930

Peter G. Petersondirecto of the Rockefeller Center Properties. Director of Sony. Trustee of the CED. Member Nixon center

CFR

Board of trustee of the BIS : governors of the Central banks of Canada, Germany, Belgium, United States, France, Italia, Japan, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden and Swiss.

The Basel Commit tee ' s

members come from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, J a p a n , Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, S w e d e n , Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States.

Mitsui ClanMitsubishi Clan

Al SaudClan

Bin LadenClan

Sumitomo Clan

Matsushita Clan

Hitotsubashi Clan

MoriClan

Soongfamily

Lifamily

BushClan

WindsorClan

Vatican

Bank ofEngland

UKborn in 1694

Peter G. Peterson

RothschildClan

RockefellerClan

FRANCE, ALL-net fiscal earnings (2002) 237 billions euros defense budget (2002) 38 billions euros Budget for penitentiary administration increase to 7,75 % (2003).

Bilderberg, Trilateral

Bilderberg, Trilateral

Bilderberg, TrilateralAspen Institute

Grenzschutzgruppe 9

RomanoProdi

PascalLamy

MarioMonti

family family

family

coopération

coop

érat

ion

GeorgeSoros

Schifffamily

fam

ily

Félix Moritz WARBURG (1871-1937) married with Frida SCHIFF in 1895

Walter N. ROTHSCHILD (1892-1965) married

with Carola WARBURG in 1916

James WolfensohnFormer chairman of J.Henry Schroders Banking Corporation and director of Darling & Co of Australia. Former chairman of the financial committee of the Rockefeller foundation. Honorary member honoraires of the Brookings.

adm

RothschildGroup

OwnerRothschild

ABN Amro Holding NV

Netherlands

Crédit Suisse First Boston

Michel David-Weill

Antoine Bernheim

Paul A. FolckerChairman

Wolfensohn&coFormer Chairman,

Board of Governors US

Federal Reserve System + Trilateral

J.P. Morgan international advisory councilGeorge P. Shultz, Sheikh Mohammed Ali Abalkhail, Jean-Louis Beffa, Christopher Hogg (Reuters), Henry A. Kissinger, Yotaro Kobayashi, Shijuro Ogata, Jürgen E. Schrempp, Ratan Naval Tata, Peter K.C. Woo…

Warburg: fourth speculator on the currency'market ( sou r ce : Banque d'Angleterre, 1999)Financial advisor for the Manhattan Institute

Sir Chips Keswickformer director of the Bank of England.

historic owner of Chase

historic owner

of JP Morgan

advisor

FamilyOppenheimer

former presidentof the Bilderberg

Warburg Dillon Read

OwnerWarburg

4

BarclaysPlc

UK

Lloyds

UK

SociétéGénérale

France

CréditAgricole

France

Royal Bankof Canada

Canada

J. P. Morgan Chase

(+ Bank One)

OwnerRothschild/Rockefeller

Club of RomeShell

ReligionsCatholiques romains 31% Protestant 21%Musulmans 4.4%

Queen Beatrix

State ofNetherlands

Civil lawmedian age 38,6 yrsfossile 89,9%

Constitutionalmonarchy

President

JANET McLEOD

JohnStewart

Sir Iain VallanceVice-Chairman, Royal Bank of Scotland. Board of Directors of Mobil Corporation. Vice Chairman of the European Advisory Committee to the New York Stock Exchange. Chairman BT.

13th mondial'speculatoron the currency'market(source: Banque d'Angleterre, 1999)

100

The two executive Directors of TheBullionDesk are Ross Norman and Dominic Hall. The business is supported by Mr John Fairley who is the former General Manager of the gold refining business at Johnson Matthey. John provides thoughtful advice to the Directors in his role as a Non-Executive Director. Ross Norman formerly worked for Johnson Matthey, NM Rothschild & Sons and Credit Suisse before founding Precious Metals Research (PMR) in 1995, which provides a consultancy and reporting service leveraging his broad knowledge of the trading and industrial markets for precious metals.

LONDON Bullion Market Ass.Owner of the market : American International Group-AIG. The Bank of Nova Scotia - Scotia-Mocatta. Barclays Bank PLC. Deutsche Bank AG. HSBC Bank USA London Branch. J Aron & Company (U.K.). JP Morgan Chase BankN M Rothschild & Sons LTD. Société Générale. UBS AG (source : www.lbma.org.uk)

LONDON Bullion Market

Association

TheBullionDesk

Nicholas Clive-WormsGrandson of Hyppolite Worms, founder of the Banque Worms (Jewish banker, converted to Catholicism, anti-Semite, promoted to the rank of “Honorary Aryan” by special decree of Philippe Pétain, financier of the synarchic movement, condemned after the liberation of France (source: réseau voltaire, 2000)

Prince Nguyen-Phuc

Buu Chanh

NorwayCommon & civil lawLutherians 86%median age 37,7 yrs hydro 99,3% pop. 4 546 123

ConstitutionalMonarchy

Sate of AlgeriaIslamic & french lawMuslims sunnites 99%median age 22,5 yrs fossile 99,7% pop. 32 millions

Republic

State of MarocIslamic & french lawMuslims sunnites 98,7%median age 23 yrs fossile 95,4% pop. 31 689 265

ConstitutionalMonarchy

Union du Maghreb Arabe - UMAMarocco. Tunisia. AlgeriaMauritania

French strategic area

presidentSénégal

presidentTogo

presidentCongo

presidentGabon

presidentCameroun

Maître Abdoulaye

WadeGnassingbé

Eyadém

Joseph Kabila

OmarBongo

Paul Biya

Franco Orsini

Russian stateCivil lawpop. 144, 526, 278medfian age 37,6 yrsfossile 64,3 %

Federation

G8 SVR

Monetary Authority

of Singapore

Federal Reserve

USAborn in 1913

ReligionsBuddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism 93%Christian 4.5%

Honorary

Chairm

an

Soong Ching Ling FoundationIn 1987, the Soong Ching Ling Foundation was awarded the title “Messenger of Peace” by the secretary general of the United Nations, Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar.

James SoongJames Soong has announced that he will run for the office of vice-president alongside Lien Chan in the 2004 presidential elections.

Daisaku IkedaPresident of the sectSoka Gakkai (advocate of theocracy)10 million members

Taiwanesestate

Civil lawmedian age 33,2 yrs fossile 72,6%

Démocracy

Soong Dynasty

JamesSoong

Tibet

annexed byChina

Theocracy

Dalaï Lama

State of AustriaCivil lawProtestant 34%median age 41.3 yrsfossile 61,8%

Federalrepublic

Soc. of theGoldenFleece

Club of Rome

President

President

family

State of SpainCivil lawProtestant 34%median age 41.3 yrsfossile 61,8%

Federalrepublic

Silvio Berlusconi

Italian stateCivil codeCatholicMedian age 41 yrsfossile 78,6%

Républic

G8

Fininvest

Gustavo CisnerosClosely linked to the investment funds of US Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst, specializing in media acquisition

Patricia Cisneros

Patricia CisnerosMember of the Americas Society (create by Rockefeller)

BoliviaQuechua 30%mestizo 30%Aymara 25%

blanc 15%

designer of Chile's 1981 social security

privatization. Creator of Project Chile 2010

Colombian statespanish lawmedian age 25,6 yrsHydro 72,7%Roman catho..90%

Républic

Bolivian statespanish lawmedian age20,8 yrs fossile 44,4% Hydro 54%Roman catho..5%

Républic

Over the past five years, almost half (48%) of all foreign investment in Bolivia has come from the United States. (source: www.latinreporters.com)

Asia-Pacific E c o n o m i c Cooperation forum

Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific

Peruvianstate

civil lawmedian age23,5 yrs hydro 84,7% Roman catho..90%

Républic

Chilian statespanish lawmedian age29,5 yrs fossile 47% Hydro 51,5% Catholique rom. 89%

Républic

Free Trade Area of the Americas The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) is the extension of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to every country in Central America, South America and the Caribbean (with the exception of Cuba). The FTAA was devised and set up by the Council of the Americas/Americas Society (created by David Rockefeller, its honorary president), www.americas-society.org), the Forum of the Americas (David Rockefeller, founder), the U.S. Council of the Mexico-U.S. Business Committee (Rodman C. Rockefeller, chairman), the Council on Foreign Relations (David Rockefeller, ex-president), the Trilateral Commission (David Rockefeller, founder and honorary president), and the Chase Manhattan Bank (David Rockefeller, ex-president)

President

Trustee

Council on Foreign Relations+ Trilaterale Commission +

Brookings Institute +Rockefeller Brothers Found

Jessica T. Mathews

Carnegie Endowment for Int Peace

Rockefeller Foundation

Rockefeller BrothersFund

CLUB DEPARIS

group ofcreditors

RockefellerBush

DesmaraisAlbert Frère

Queen Beatrix(Netherlands)

agro-businesscartel

state-controledcomplex

AIPAC

NATO

UNO

OECD

WorldTrade

organizationWTO

GERMANY, ALL-net fiscal earn ings (2002) : approximately 450-billion euros, defense budget (2002): 31-billion euros.

One of the richest man in Europe. Owner of one of the biggest art collection in the world

Thyssen KruppGerhard Cromme, trustee of Suez, Thomson, Allianz, member of the board of director Volkswagen, director of Bank of Austria, and AxaThe Islamic republic of Iran is shareholder of ThyssenKrupp. Mohamad-Mehdi Navab-Motlagh vice-minister for the economic and international affairs of the Ministry for Industry and Mines of the Iran Republic, is member of the Board ThyssenKrupp.

Gerhard Cromme

G8

Primeminister

Budget'Defense (2002): 33-billion euros

ReligionsAnglicans et catholiques 40 millionsMusulmans1, 5 millions Presbyteriens 800 000 Methodistes 760 000Sikhs 500 000Hindous 500 000Juifs 350 000

australian state(commonwealth)English common lawmedian age 36 yrschristians 76%pop. 19 731 984 fossile 90,8%

Démocracy

Canadian stateEnglish common lawmedian age 37,8 yrsfossile fuel 28%hydro 57,9%Roman Catholic 46% Protest. 36%

Confederationwith parliament

G8

JeanChrétien

José Piñera

présid.

État sud-africainCommon law& Netherlands lawmedian age 24.5 yrschristians 68 % fossile 93, 5 %

Républic

British-American Project for

the Successor Generation

(BAP)

UnitedKingdom

Common lawmedian age 38,4 yrsfossile 73,8%

Constitutionalmonarchy

G8

united Statesof America

English common lawmedian age 35,8 yrsfossile 71,4%

Federalrepublic

G8

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey,Ukraine

TüsiadThe principal Turkish business council. Its membership consists of the 400 most important businessmen in the country, accounting for some 50% of Turkey’s GNP.

Milli Guvenlik Kurulu (MGK)The Milli Guvenlik Kurulu (MGK) – the National Security Council – rules on what television channels are authorized. It drafted the bill on education which was implemented in September 1998, and which it considers the best guarantee against Islamic fundamentalism. (source: Wendy Kristianasen, Le Monde Diplomatique, February, 1999)

Bülent EczacibasiBülent Eczacibasi is president of Eczacibasi Holding, one of the leading industrial groups with investments in pharmaceuticals, the paramedical sector, consumer goods, construction material and financial services. He is the current president of the Supervisory Board of the TÜSIAD, the Turkish business syndicate, and also president of the A s so c ia t i o n o f Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industrialists (IEIS).

owner of theKoç Group(most importantturkish conglomerate)

KoçFamily

owner of the Haci Ömer Sabanci Holding

SabanciFamily

members Golden Fleece : Princes Franz, Ludwig, and Rasso of Bavaria, Albert II King of the Belgians, Jean Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Antoine Prince of Ligne, Joachim Prince of Furstenberg, Carl Duke of Wurtemberg, Prince Vincenz of Liechtenstein, Maria-Emanuel Markgraf of Meissen, Duke of Saxony, Georg Prince of Waldburg zu Zeil und Trauchberg, Hans-Adam Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, Clemens Prince of Altenburg, Duarte-Pio Duke of Braganza, Frà Andrew Bertie, 78th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta, Jacobus Count of Eltz…

Leumi GroupLeumi was an integral part of the dream of repatriating the Jewish people to their historic homeland, and was envisioned by none other than Dr. Theodore Herzl. He believed that in order to realize the Zionist dream and to build a modern state, it was necessary to establish a strong and professional financial institution.(source : english.leumi.co.il)

AIPAC - American Israel Public Affairs Committee65 000 mbersThe action from the AIPAC are done under the order from the Mossad (source : israel Shahak)

opposition to theus intervention in Iraq (2003). Family link with André Desmarais. Former employee of Gordon Capital (owner : son of Li Ka Shing)

Israël Corporation (IC) Israel Corp. (IC) is one of Israel’s major holding companies, playing a pivotal role in privatization and the development of key industries. IC’s main activities are focused on chemicals, shipping, oil and energy, advanced technology and communications. (source: www.israelcorp.com)

The Agha Khan is the Imam or leader of the Ismaili Shi’ites. The first Agha Khan was Abu-l-Hasan Ali Shah. he was named Agha Khan in 1818 by the Shah of Persia, Fath Ali.

41,7

State of IsraelLoi coutumière anglaise+ juive., Isl. et Christ. median age 28,9 yearspétrole 99%

ParliamentaryDemocracy

60 Oferfamily

20

ReligionsJewish 80.1%Muslims 14.6% (sunnites maj.)Christans 2.1%

Levdan

20 173 600 jewish in the world(source: World Christian Encyclopedia)

Worldzionistorganiz.

rabbin en chef d'Israël

rabbin Israel

Meir Lau

FTAA

CBSS

ZLEA

Free Trade Areaof the Americas(ZLEA)34 countries

Free Trade Areaof the Americas (FTAA)

BAP

ReligionsShinto and Buddhist 84%Christian 0.7%

Japanesestate

Civil and comon lawmedian age 42 yrsénergy fossile 60% + nuclear 29%

constitutionalmonarchy

G8

Toyoo GyohtenFormer Chariman of the Institute for International Monetary Affairs. He worked 34 years in the Finance ministery

senioradvisor

TrilateralCommission

Mitsubishi CorporationMitsubishi Corporation (MC) is Japan's largest general trading company (sogo shosha) with over 200 bases of operations in approximately 80 countries worldwide. Together with its over 500 group companies, MC employs a multinational workforce of approximately 47,000 people.

ToyooGyohten

via Sum

itomo

Trust

MitsuiGroup (Sogo Sosha) of 325 companies in Japan and of 421 foreign companies. In 1995, 3 Japanese Sogo Shosha, Mitsubischi, Mitsui et Itochu was respectively the 1st, 2nd and 3rd most important compagnies in the world (in terms of revenues). In 1999, these 3 companies returned to the 7th, 6th and 10th rank respectively because of the asian crisis.

SOG

OSH

OSH

A

JapanJapan surpassed the United States in the early 1990s, becoming the leading aid-donating country. In 1999, Japan gave out 67% more foreign aid than the United States. The UN is the largest international organization to depend largely on Japanese money (Japan provided almost 20% of the UN’s budget in 2001).

SumitomoFamily

100

MitsubishiFamily

100

Shijuro Ogataformer deputy governor ofr international relations of the Bank of Japan Member of the Trilateral commission

MinoruMurofushi

TrilateralCommission

chairman

Masahide ShibusawaMasahide Shibusawa, President, Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation, Trustee Japan center for International Exchange

ShijuroOgata

Shibusawa Eiichi

billionaireclub

Masahide Shibusawa

Vice chairman Gouvernor

maj

Sumitomo MitsuiThird world largest financial institution with a capital of $ 936,17 billion.

MitsuiFamily

Mizuho Financial GroupThe Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank, Limited, the Fuji Bank, Limited and the Industrial Bank of Japan, Limited have merge to create Mizuho Bank, Ltd and Mizuho Corporate Bank, Ltd. Second world financial group after Citigroup.

The richest manin the world inthe beginning

of the 80'

Tsutsumi Yoshiaki

MOGI YuzaburoChairman and CEO of the K i k k o m a n C o r p o r a t i o n . Gouvernor of the Global Forum of Japan (GFJ)

MOGI Yuzaburo

owner (100%) of the Mori Group

Bank ofJapan

Japanborn in 1914

?

?

MitsubishiCorporation

SOGOSHOSHA

SeibuGroup

SOGOSHOSHA

Kikkomancorporation

SOGOSHOSHA

Mitsui& co

création 1673

SOGOSHOSHA

Sumitomo Mitsui

Banking corp.

Japan

Mizuho Financial

Group

Japan

Bank of Tokyo-

Mitsubishi

Japan

2,2 2,2

The World Government

Miguel Rodríguez-Orejuela

Gilberto Rodríguez-Orejuela

Cartel de Caliproduce 80% of US cocaine

leader

Council of Baltic Sea States

(CBSS)Denmark, Estonia, Finland,

Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway,

Poland, Russia, Sweden, European Commission

USA/ IsraëlIn keeping with American foreign policy, Israel supported Pinochet in Chili, Papa Doc Duvalier and his son, Bébé Doc, in Haiti, Idi Amin Dada in Uganda, Noriega in Panama (source: Green Left Weekly Magazine, September 1991), the military junte in El Salvador and Mobutu in Zaire (source: www.washington-report.org).

.

FrenchAmericanBusinessCouncil

USRussia

BusinessCouncil

USJapan

BusinessCouncil US

ChinaBusinessCouncil

USTaiwanBusinessCouncil

Shinshûren

drug bank

HSBC

UK

drug bank

PrivyCouncil

Royal Commonwealth Society (RCS)

Inaara Aga Khan

Gran Duca

di Toscana

H.M. King Juan

Carlos I of Spain

Otto of Habsburg

ex-primeminister ofGreatBritain

WWFFounded by Prince Bernhard of Holland, the WWF has pursued a birthrate-reduction policy that is hostile to the populations of the world’s poorest countries. John Loudon, former executive director of Royal Dutch Shell and president of Shell Oil Co., served from 1977 until his death as president of the WWF.

ContiConti is one of the world’s largest cattle feed suppliers, the sixth largest poultry producer in the United States and the coun-try’s largest integrated pork pro-ducer. (December 2003 – IntraFish)

Kraft Food (Philip Morris)Mme Thatcher, former Primeminister of United Kingdom works for Philipp Morris (Kraft Food, General Food) an receive 550.000 £ for her services and expertises.

NestléNestle employs approximately 224,541 people in some 479 factories worldwide. Nestlé is the world's largest food company. It is the market leader worldwide in coffee and mineral water. Nestle SA is a publicly owned company. (Corporate watch)

president

Mar

ine

Stew

ards

hip

Cou

ncil

(MSC

)

BaronneThatcher, LG OM

FRS

Lord Leon

Brittan

Niall FitzGerald

former-viceprésident tothe EuropeanCommission

Sir Mark Moody-StuartUN Secretary General's Advisory Council for the Global Compact

British Petroleum, through its Nutrition division, is the largest feed producer in Europe.

Jeroen van der VeerPresident of Royal Dutch Petroleum Co Advisory Director of Unilever

cap. 179 milliards$

employees 82 000

cap. 104 milliards$employees 55 700

cap. 174 milliards$employees 110 000

?

?

Exxon(esso,mobil)

SaudiAramco

Total

STUART CLAN

?

Paul D Skinner Become chairman of Rio Tinto after 37 years in Royal Dutch Shell.

Paul D Skinner Royal

Dutch Shell

BP Amoco plc

Rio tintoRio Tinto is one of the most important prospector and extractor of ores in the world.

Nestlé

SarahLee

Kraft Food

News corp.News Corp. is the world’s largest E n g l i s h - l a ng uage press publisher. News Corp. is moreover one of the largest investors in Israel.

40

89

KirkKerkorian

American Muslim Alliance

Saudiarabia

islamic lawMusulman 100%

Chief of theSaudi Secret services

Prince Turki Ibn-Faysal, head of the Saudi secret service and cofounder, with bin Laden, of the Afghan “Islamic Legion” in the 1980s, a militia d i r e c t l y supported by the CIA and Riyadh.

fortune (1999)28 milliards $

CargillFive companies account for between 85 and 90% of wheat, corn and soybean production: Cargill, Continental (Cargill), Louis Dreyfus, Bunge and Born, Toepfer . Six companies account for between 85 and 90% of coffee production: Rothos, Cargill, J. Aron, Volkart, Socomex, ED&F Man.Cargill, the world's largest grain exporter, through its Nutrena Feed division, is also the biggest producer of animal feed and hybrid seed in the world, while Continental Grain, through its Wayne Feed division, is one of the biggest producers of feed and a major force in hybrid seed production.

TrilateraleCommission

ReligionsChristian 49%Buddhist 47%Confucianist 3%Mexican

StateCivil law + usRoman catho. 89%Median age 23,8 yrs fossile 78,7% hydro14,2%

Federalrepublic

Peoplemestizo(Amerindian-spanish) 60%Amerindian 30%white 9%

Kim Jong PilThe members of Karak are descendents of the Queen Princess of Ayodhya (birthplace of Rama in India).The president claims to

be the 72nd descendent of King

Kim Suro of the Karak Kingdom.

KoreanState (South)

civil law + common law +chinese lawmedian age 33,2 yrs fossile 62,4% nuc. 36,6%

Républic

Datuk Daim Zainuddin former minister of Finance of Malaysia

Datuk Daim

Zainuddin

Brunei

BruneiPop. 358 098Muslim 67 %Buddhist 13%Christian 10% Indép.1984

SultanatConstitutionnel

jusuf wanandiChairman of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), a think tank create during Suharto times under control of the US. Jusuf Wanandi is former chairman of the ASEAN Institute for Strategic and International Studies (ASEAN ISIS).

Vice-chairman

Abdullah Badawi

Abdullah BadawiMinister for Foreign affairs, former minister of Interior and former Deputy Prime minister et ex-premier ministre adjoint

jusuf wanandi

MalaysiaEnglish common lawmedian age 23,6 yrs Muslim én. fossile 89,5 %

constitutionalmonarchyinternational

islmaicuniversity(kuala lumpur)

Wono-widjojoFamily

owner of the Gudang Garam (tobacco)

Eka Tjipta

Widjaja

owner of the Sinar Mas group (conglomerate)

SuhartoFamily

Quek Leng Chan

Quek Leng ChanThe empire of this cigarillos magnate include the malysian firm Hong Leong Group and Dao Heng Bank from Hong Kong www.asiaweek.com

Mahatir

ReligionsBuddhists 95%Muslims 3.8%Christians 0.5%

General Prem

Tinsula-nonda

General Prem TinsulanondaFormer Prime minister of Thailand (1980-1988)

Prince Nguyen-Phuc Buu ChanhNguyen-Phuc Buu Chanh, Duke of Kien Hoa, is General secretary of the Imperial family Council (France, Paris) and chairman of the Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist (USA).

ÉtatPhilippin

spanish law syst.+ anglo-usmedian age 21,8 yrs fossile 55% hydro 17,5%

Républic

ReligionsRom. Catholic 83%

Protestant 9%Muslim 5%

GeorgesTy

Marcos Dynasty

Union desBanques SuissesUBS

employees 69 000cap. 1530 milliards$

LuxembourgFISCAL PARADISECatholic 87%454 157 hab.

Constitutionalmonarchy

Vatican

Liechtenstein

FISCAL PARADISECatholic 76.2%33 145 hab. Local code

Constitutionalmonarchy

MonacoFISCAL PARADISECatholic 90%32 130 hab.French law

Constitutionalmonarchy

creation 1630

Member of the Supervisory Board:

DaimlerChrysler; KPN; TPG; Member of the

International Advisors Group, Goldman Sachs &Co.;

Fuji Bank

Chief for the Operation Mangoose (against Fidel Castro during Kennedy's time.

Former president

officiallydisolved

employés 98 000créa 1865

petroleum cartel

Switzerland

Bunge & Born

Argentina

France

USA

Germ.

SwitzerlandFISCAL PARADISEpop. 7 318 638âgemoyen 40,2Catholique 46%Protestant 40% Code civil

Républiquefédérale

Koofamily

LGGroup

employees 140 000born 1947

SOUTH KOREA

Leefamily

owns Samsung Electronics

Korea

Chungfamily

owns Hyundai

Motor

Korea

De Beers manage 2/3 of world market of rough stone. (L'Express du 07/12/2000)

PDG

Director

Warburgfamily

Sir Chips Keswick

Nicky Oppen-heimer

Lord Rollof Ipsden

Rothschildfamily

Wormsfamily

Nicholas Clive-Worms

financial support from the

Manhattan Institute

Paul A. Folcker

JamesWolfensohn

Union Bancaire Privée

Lombard Odier

born in 1796

Pictet &cie

born in1805

CliffordChance

UKKing & Spalding

UK

Milbank

usa

KopassusIndonesian special forces, created during the Suharto era with the financial and technical support of the United States (highly involved in the struggle against Indonesian separatist movements in Aceh, in Papua New Guinea and East Timor).(source: www.fas.org)

CEI

UMA

BSEC

Central European Initiative (C.E.I.)Founded in Austria, Italy, Hungary and Yugoslavia in 1989, in the name of Quadrilateral Cooperation, its membership grew to 10 in 1994, to 16 in 1996 and 17 in 2000 with the entry of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (today Serbia and Montenegro). Current members: Italy, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, Byelorussia, Moldavia and the Ukraine.

Triade“14K“

hk+tw

20 000 members

Triade“Wo Group“

hk+tw

20 000 members

Rockefeller

AsiaSociety CICIR

China Institute of Contemporary

International relations-CICIR

PortugeseState

Civil lawRoman catho..94 %median age 37,6 yrs fossile 64,5 % hydro 31%

démocratieparlementaire

State of PolandNapoleonian law+communist lawRoman cathol. 95%(pratiquant 75%)median age 36 yrs fossile 98%

Républic

German stateCivil codeProtestant 34%Median age 41.3 yrsfossile 61,8%

Federalrepublic

G8

FondationRockefeller

Fitch

BND

The indication mentioned in the header (republic, constitutional monarchy, etc.) is given as a guideline only (CIA sources).

Legal system: basic description of the historical underpinnings of the legal system used. Religion: the percentage does not indicate the number of practicing believers but the culture of origin (ie. Poland, 95% Roman Catholic, 75% devout followers).Median age: median age divides the population into two numerically equal groups, one half “younger,” the other half “older.”Principal source of electricity production: percentage of national electricity generated by fossil fuel, hydro, nuclear or other (solar, geothermic, wind) sources. All information taken from the August 2003 edition of the CIA Fact Book. (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook)

Lobby, association of employers

WorldTrade

OrganizationOMC

Secret service,intelligenceagency

State agency

RatingAgency

Foundation

Internationalorganization

Area ofFree Trade

Individual, family,lineageMeaning of acronyms : KBE - Knight Commander of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British EmpireCBE - Commander of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British EmpireOBE - Officer of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British EmpireCBE - Member of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Percentage of property:x holds 2.2 % of y

Tie of administration

Tie of affiliation or control

Baron Georg

Thyssen-Bornemisza

2,2x y

ShenKurong

?

Industrial firmor conglomerate

massmedia

mercenaries

chimical petroleum

agro-business

PrivateBank

energy

law

pharma

intelligence car

weapon

Pennzoil Quaker

State

State under the control from an other state

Peruvianstate

civil lawmedian age23,5 yrs hydro 84,7% Roman catho..90%

Républic

Investment groupBanking companyHedge fund : fa fund engaging in speculative management on behalf of institutional or private investors InsuranceConglomerateZeibatsu (japan)Chaebol (korea)

Central bank

State

EuropeanBank

BarclaysPlc

UK

MoonUnification

Church

DGSE

P415

ECHELON

Thai State

Common and civil lawmedian age 30,1 yrs fossile 91,3%

Constitutionalmonarchy

Kim Jong Pil

KCIA

Tran Duc Luong

ConAgra/Peavey

Beef producer

Walmart

IBP

Beef producer

HirschFamily

66

Graham FamilyWashington

Post

Dwayne Andreas

Archer Daniels MidlandADM

Cargill

Louis Dreyfus

Toepfer

ContiGroup

CargillFamily

MacMillanFamily

FribourgFamily

AndréSwitzerland

Tradax

100 ChevronTexaco

Pennzoil Quaker

State

LouisDreyfusFamily

AndréFamily

Nikkeiren

japanese federation ofassociation ofemployers

Rocke-fellerfamily

FamilleLandolt

Novartis

Bettencourtfamily

L'Oréal

Princess Maha Chakri Sirind-horn

Queen Mom

Rajawongse Sirikit

Porter J. Goss

CIA

NSA

MetroBank

1st Private bankof the Phillipp.

Baron Georg

Thyssen-Bornemisza

Agnellifamily

IFILFIAT

GSG9

ThyssenKrupp

employees 193 316ca 38 billions eur

Victor Halberstadt

prince Turki Ibn-

Fayçal

ClanSudaïri

King Fahad Bin

Abdulaziz Alsaud

Taisei Yoku senkaïAssociation for the assistance of the Emperor

Mitsui family

Mitsubishi family

Taisei Yoku senkaïEmpereur

Michiko

foodcartel

meatcartel

graincartel

Leumi Group

IsraelCorp.

BilderbergGroup

french stateCivil lawCatholic ± 85%median age 38.3 yrsnuclear 77.1%

Républic

G8

Danish stateCivil lawLuthérians 95 %median age 39,1 yrs fossile 82,7 % pop. 5, 384, 000

ConstitutionalMonarchy

Queen Margrethe

II

Reine Silvia

ClubLe Siècle

G8-member state

Black Sea Economic

Co-operation Council (BSEC)

Cha

irm

an

Cha

irm

an

Bülent Eczacibasi

ECZACIBASI DIS TICARET

CONGLO-MERATE

Turkish stateeurop. syst. of lawMusulm. sunnites 99,8%median age 26,8 yrs fossile 79,3% pop. 68 109 000

democraticrepublic

Milli Guvenlik Kurulu (MGK)

EuropeanCommission

German stateCivil lawProtestant 34%median age 41.3 yrsfossile 61,8%

Federalrepublic

G8

StayBehind

BND

Cartelde Cali

MOSSAD

Chief

Chairman

Ephraim Halevy

National Security Council Uzi

Dayan

Unité8200

MI5 & MI6Older secret servicein the world (1909)

MI52300

employés

MI6

CGHQ

SingapourPop. 4 608 595median age 34,5Common law

Parlementaryrepublic

Ng Teng Fong

Ng Teng FongPatriarch Ng Teng Fong is Singapore's biggest landlord after the government of Singapour. (www.asiaweek.com)

Internat. A d v i s o r y Panel (IAP) of the Monetary Authority of Singapore. 14 members : Lim Hng Kiang, chairman of IAP, Claude Bebear, Chairman of the supervisory board of the AXA group, Rolf-E Breuer, Chairman of the supervisory board of Deutsche Bank AG, Gerald Corrigan, Managing Director at Goldman, Sachs & Co Tom Glocer, Executive Director, Reuter Holdings PLC Rijkman Groenink, Chairman of ABN AMRO Bank NV Mr John Mack, EXEC Chairman of the Credit Suisse First Boston, and Vice-président of the Credit Suisse Group Executive Board. Sir Peter Middleton, chairman of Barclays Bank Plc Mr Marcel Ospel, Chairman UBS. Mr Michel Pebereau, Chairman

BNP Paribas. Mr Robert Rubin, Chairman of the executive comittee Citigroup Inc Dr Werner G. Seifert, Executive director, Deutsche

Bourse. Mr Tasuku Takagaki, Conseiller sénior Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi. Dr Junichi Ujiie, Chairman

Nomura Holdings, Inc

LazardLLC

OwnerDavid-Weill

De Beers(Rothschild)

Anglo American Corporation

Chairman ofEarth Council(Rockefeller)

Maurice StrongFormer chairman of Power Corporation of Canada (Desmarais). Strong is former director of the Temple of Understanding à New York. Senior advisor to the President of the World Bank

senior advisor to UN' SecretaryGeneralKofi Annan

MauriceStrong

Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki

Gemala Group

Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah

Gelugpalineage

Mindrölinghiérarchy

Sakyapa lineage

Citic Pacificemployees 11 733

count hong kongInvestments in infrastructure

projects (aviation, civil engineering, energy production, telecommunications),

real estate (including a portion of the Island of Lantau, the site of the Hong Kong Disneyland park), businesses and distribution companies.

?

chai

rman

Executive Director

founder

James RiadyChinese billionaire. James Ryadi family gave $200,000 to the President Clinton in his first c a m p a i g n (1992).

?maj

Robert Kwok

James Riady

Li Ka-Shing (closely tied to the Communist

Party government of China) is a shareholder in the Pacific

and Atlantic port of the Panama Canal. Li Ka-shing owns, along with his

son, between one-sixth and one-third of downtown Vancouver. (source: sidewinder

Report, 1996)

Robert KwokMember of the Triad. Involved in trafficking Burmese heroin. Member of the Kwok family. Owners of Sun Hung Kai Properties (Hong Kong)

Wheelock Co. Ltd.

China

Dar el-Mal

SaudiArabia

El-Baraka

SaudiArabia

Jardine Fleming

Unit Trusts

ChinaToshihiko

Fukui

4,2

?

42

shares100

BBL (Bank Brussels Lambert)

Belgium

64,7

sharesAndré Desmarais

ChineseState

Larry C. K. Yung

China International

Trust & Investment

(CITIC)

China's largest

conglomerate

largest and most powerful of the Triads.

56,000 members

Luen-shun

Triad“Sun

Yee On“

Deng Xiaoping

Soong Ching Ling Foundation

Chinese Intelligence

Services (ChIS).

ChineseState

median age 31,5 yrs fossile 80,2%

CommunistState

IndonesiaNetherlands lawpop. 234 893 453median age 25,8 yrs Muslims 88 % fossile 86,9 %

Republic

Kopassus

1 200 653 000 muslim in the world.(s: World Christian Encyclopedia)

Daisaku Ikeda

OCI

Organization of Islamic conferences(OCI)

WorldIslamicLeague

1962

Diplomaticrelations with90 countries

1 132 541 500 Catholics in the world (s: World C h r i s t i a n Encyclopedia)

Opus Dei

FamilleBotin

?

Alvarezfamily

El Corte Inglés

(weapons+supermarket)

Kim Bong-ho

Karak Clan Society

World589 327 000 Protestants(source: World C h r i s t i a n Encyclopedia)

WCCWorld Council

of Churches

World Wildlife

FundWWF

Jeroen van

der Veer

Former Archbishop of Canterbury

Queen Rania

of Jordan

BaronAlbert Frère

Member of thePeres center for Peace

Klaus Schwab

Bertrand Collomb

Lord Carey

of Clifton

WorldBank

internationalMonetary

FundsIMF

The Asia Bank for

Development

The Africa Bank for

Development

The European Bank for

Reconstruction and

DevelopmentBERD

6

Alfred von

Oppenheim

Michel Pébereau

AXA

FranceAllianz

(+ Dresdner Bank)

Germany

BNPParibas

France

Royal Bankof Scotland

UK

Sir Iain Vallance

Xing Hua

Xing HuaVice Chairman - China Institute of International Affairs

LiZibin

Li ZibinVice-Minister and former Mayor of the city of Shenzhen

ShinshûrenFederation of New Religious Organizations

of Japan

Chairman ofthe executive committee, Deutsche Bank

Josef Ackermann

Michel Roussin President of the MEDEF’s (the French business syndicate’s) African Committee. African Committee Vice-president Bolloré has been accused of grave responsibilities in the Rwandan genocide. .

Vincent Bolloré1976-1981. Deputy director of the compagnie financière Rothschild. Antoine Bernheim, associate of the Lazard Bank childhood friend of his mother, has supported Vincent Bolloré right from the outset.

Michel Roussin

GroupeBolloré

OwnerBolloré

50,1Vincent Bolloré

Belgian state

Civil lawMedian age 38,7 yrsnuclear 59,3 % catholic 75%

Constitutionalmonarchy

AlbertII

King ofBelgium

Recanatifamily

Atlantic Council

BrookingsInstitute

Committeefor

EconomicDevelop.

CEDusa

BohemianClub

RandCorporation

AspenInstituteusa, japan,

france,germany

MontPélerinSociety

HudsonInstitute

TrilatéraleCommission

Skull & Bones

Club ofRome

OpusDei

Supreme Council,

33�(Scottish

rite)

BilderbergCouncil onForeign Relations

CFR

SMOMOrder

of Malta

PilgrimSociety(UK-USA)

uk-usa

HooverInstitute

usa

USAAmericanEnterpriseInstitute

RockefellerDitchley

Foundation

uk

USA

USA USA

Opus DeiOpus Dei has some 80 000 members in 87 countries, essentially in Spain and La t i n Amer i ca (www.odan.org). It is present in 487 universities and post-secondary institutions, 52 radio and television stations, 694 publishers, 38 press and advertising agencies, 12 film distribution agencies. (See Penny Lernoux, People of God: The Struggle for World Catholicism, New York: Viking, 1989)

SMOMMalta knighthoods are awarded to many leading individuals who are part of the military and intelligence community. The CIA’s Bill Casey, for example, was Knight of Malta. Former NATO General (and later US Secretary of State) Alexander Haig is also a Malta Knight. Another is General Vernon Walters, the former Deputy Director of the CIA under DCI George Bush and later appointed a roving Ambassador during the Reagan administration. The legendary head of the OSS – the WW11 precursor of the CIA – was “Wild” Bill Donovan, who was made a Knight along with his wartime compatriot and later CIA chief of counter-intelligence, James Jesus Angleton. And John McCone, another prominent member of the US “spook” agency was also distinguished with a Malta knighthood.

RIIAuk

IISSuk

HeritageFoundation

BusinessRoundtable

finance

Priory of SionSkull & BonesOldest and most prestigious of Yale’s seven secret societies. Among the others are : Scroll & Key, Book & Snake, Wolf’s Head, Eliahu and Berzelius. The fraternities serve as a recruiting ground for young men destined for careers in government, law, finance and other influential sectors of American life.

Bohemian clubformed in 1872 2,700 membersThe collective corporate stock ownership by members and guests c o n s e r v a t i v e l y exceeds $100 billion. (source : Peter Phillips, COUNTERPUNCH, 2003)

Royal Inst. of Intern.

Affairs (RIIA)

International Institute

for Strategic Studies

chairman emeritus Frank C. Carlucci South Africa 1957-1960 Zaire 1960-1962 Tanzanie 1964-1965 Brazil 1965-1969 ambassador of the US to Portugal until 1978 deputy director of the CIA (1978-80) Founder of the Manhattan Institute (1980). Yemen 1979 Philippines 198. Organisation of the Reagan-Gorbatchev'summit from 29 may until 1er june 1988. Ex-chairman of Carlyle Group.Rand Corporation' Member. United Defense' Member , Pharmacia Corporation…

Knight ofMalta

RandCorporation Frank

C. Carlucci

Life memberof the CED

GeorgeP. Schultz

Richard V. AllenChairman of the Heritage Foundation's Asian Studies Center Advisory Council. Member of the presidential'Task Force concerning the World government International Broadcasting

ExpertExpert

Council for National Policy

treasurer and trustee,

Mont Pelerin Society

Richard V. Allen

Edwin J. Feulner

Chairman

PrésidentSidneyMyer

Sidney Baillieu MyerThe founder of the Tasman, was Sidney Baill ieu Myer, Chairman of N.M. Rothschild Australia.

LOTIS, Liberalization of Trade in ServicesMember of LOTIS : Peter Sutherland, Lord Brittan, Warburg Dillon Read , UBS… Tasman Institute

(Australia)

The Bruges Group

Adam SmithInstitute(UK)

ManhattanInstitute(USA)

New Atlantic Initiative (NAI)Its objectives are to renovate NATO, integrating the new democratic states of Central and Eastern Europe, and to create a vast zone of Euro-American free trade. (source, Réseau Voltaire, 16 March 1998)Patrons: Václav Havel, Margaret Thatcher. Members: Henry Kissinger (president), Alain Besançon, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Colin Powell, Jean-François Revel, Luc de la Barre de Nanteuil, Donald Rumsfeld… (source: http://www.aei.org)

Lotis

Order of St. John of Jerusalem

Legionnariesof Christ

European-Atlantic Group (EAG) founded in 1954 - the same year as the Bilderberg Conference also an "Atlanticist" grouping - to specifically support and promote NATO and the Council of Europe.

Board of Trustees Open Russia FoundationHenry Kissinger, Lord Jacob Rothschild, Khodorkovsky, Piotrovsky"With the backing of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachov and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Soros reached the height of his inf1uence in the Soviet Union when he was asked to assemble a team- including Jeffrey Sachs and Romano Prodi of Italy - to critique the Shatalin Plan, which was based upon IMF-style "shock therapy." "I was a great supporter of the so-called Shatalin Plan," Soros writes in Soros on Soros. " (Georges Soros, Underwriting Democracy)

Mikhail B. PiotrovskyMembre de la Fondation Open Russia. Member of the Dutch Order of Orange-Nassau

James R. Schlesinger former firector of the CIA. Member of the Commission for National security in the XXI century. Member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council

Vice-président, Kissinger Associates, Inc.

former directorof the CIA

special advisor ofthe Président for the national security

Vice chairmanKissinger Associates, Inc.trustee Pennzoil Quaker State (Bush)

Zbigniew Brzezinski

James R. Schlesinger

Alan R. Batkin

Henri A.Kissinger

BrentScowcroft

Keidanren (Keizei Dantai Rengô-kai)Association of employersThe Keidanren is one of the components of the US-Japan Business Council, and brings together almost 90 executive presidents from the most powerful multinationals in North America and Japan.

Yotaro KobayashiChairman of Fuji Xerox. Former chairman of Keidanren + Trilateral commission

Président

TrilateralCommission

MitsubishiCorporation

Keidanren

YotaroKobayashi

Center for

Strategic & Internat.

StudiesCSIS

MinoruMakihara

BaronneThatcher, LG OM FRS

OpenSocietyInstitute

Soros

Mikhail B. Piotrovsky

Open Russia

Foundation

Committee for the Economic Development of Australia

China Institute for Reform and Development

Inst. der deutschen Wirtschaft (Köln)Keizai Doyukai (Japan)

Consejo Empresario de America Latina (CEAL)

Stichting Maatschappij en Onderneming (Netherlands)…

coun

terp

art

TedArison

biggestshareholder

BanqueHapoalim

Chairmanof the councilBritish Jews

Jo Wagerman

OBE

Ambassadorof the Prince

of Walespresident

Inland Revenue

NicholasMontagu

KCBQueen

Elizabeth II(Windsor)

Prince of Wales

Keizei Doyukai

japaneseassociation of

executivedirectors

Opus Dei

Istituto per le Opere di Religione

IOR

OwnerVatican

BancoSantander

OwnerBotinMsgr.

Renato Dardozzi

RockefellerGroup

OwnerRockefeller

founder

14K Triad

HenryFok

secondwealthy

man in Asia

Simon Murray1999 - Cheung Kongs

Holdings Ltd, Director

1999 - Hermès International,

Director1999 - Hutchison Whampoa Ltd,

Director1999 - Tommy

Hilfiger, Inc., Director1999 - Usinor SA,

Director

CRECommercial arm of the Chinese Ministry of commerce and economic cooperation (Ministry of Trade and E c o n o m i c Cooperation).

André DesmaraisHong Kong Chief Executive's Council of International AdvisorsDirector of CITIC (China). Close to Deng Xiaoping

deputychairman

founderand

owner

founder

VictorLi

Li Ka-shing

deutschebank

Germany

Unilever

Rio Tinto

ITOCHU corp.

Japan

SOGOSHOSHA

born in 1858

SumitomoKichizaemon

création 1919

SOGOSHOSHA

Bukkyo Dendo KyokkaïJapanese foundation forthe promotion of buddhism

Numata

Bukkyo Dendo Kyokkaï

TsaiFamily

Owner of theCathay Life

Insuranceet de la Banque Fubon

Order of Malta

Triade

usa

think tank

club or brotherhood

mafia

OpenSocietyInstituteUMA

Keidanren

CEDusa

B’naiB’rith

Carlyle is one of the world's largest global private equity firms with a track record of over 285 investment transactions since its founding in 1987 and with over $16,3 billion currently under management.

CarlyleGroup

usa

Thomas Schmidheiny

CEO of the Holcim Ltd group( the world biggest producter of cement). Owns 35%.

FamilleSchmidheiny

DéfenseIndia is the 3rd supplier of Israel (after China and Turkei) for weapons and defense utilities.

ReligionHindou 81.3%

Muslim 12%Christian 2.3%

Sikh 1.9%

Research and Analysis

Wing [RAW]

indian state

English common lawmedian age 24,1 yrsfossile fuel 81,7%

federalrepublic

Tata SonsTata automobile

empire in India, which has its own state – Tataland – and a

familial working population of some

2,500 000 people.

Ratan Naval Tata

XerxesDesai

Tata Sons Limited

LNM Group

Azim Hasham PremjiFortune : $35,30 milliards . Richest man in India. Chairman of Wipro Corporation (computer).

Mammohan Singh

Mammohan Singh

former finance minister, India

member of the Club of Rome

Azim Hasham Premji

Owner

Lakshmi Mittal Acquisition of SIDEX, the largest steel-production firm in Romania. Ispat International is a subsidiary of the LNM Group, the fourth largest steel producer in the world. Lakshmi Mittal also owns Ispat Karmet, the formerly state-run steelworks in Kazakhstan (and largest employer in the country). He donated £125,000 to the British Labour Party in May 2001. ( w w w . r e d - s t a r -research.org.uk/ispat.html)

4st iron groupin the worldIndia

Lakshmi Mittal

Khalid Salim ben-Mahfouz Manages and owns 80% of the National Commercial Bank, the most important private bank in the Middle east. Strongly involved in the BCCI collapse and in the financing of Oussama Bin Laden.

National Commercial

Bank

SaudiArabia

Club of RomeHeir of the ThroneHashemiteKingdom of Jordan

fortune (1999)20 milliards $

née sous le nom de Lisa Halabyfemme du Roi Hussein

Chairman of theQatar Foundationco-chariman of the International councilof the RAND-Qatar Policy Institute

Sheikha Mozah Bint

Nasser Al-Misnad

Émir Hamad Bin

Khalifa Al Thani

Cheikh Zayed Bin ̀Sultan Al Nahyan

Queen Noor of Jordan

H.R.H. Prince El Hassan bin Talal

JordanIslamic law + code fr.Pop. 5 460 265median age 21,8 yrsMuslim (sunnite) 92 %

Constitutionalmonarchy

United arabEmirates

Pop. 2 484 818Muslim 96 %Indépendance1971

Fédération

QatarPop. 817 052Muslim 95 %Indépendance1971

Constitutionalmonarchy

Al-Jazeera

2nd contributor ofGeorge W. Buh Jr.in 2004 (159 000$)

MMCPutnam + Mercer (subsidiaries)Marsh Inc : 38 000 employees in 100 countries.

Jeffrey W. Greenbergtrustee of The Brookings Institution, CFR et Trilatérale

Chairm.

LehmanBrothers

JeffreyW.

Greenberg

MMCMarshall &Mc Lennan

Employees60 000

USAWorld rank 37 th

USAWorld rank 2 th

MetroGoldwynMayer

51

18

USAWorld rank 35 th

FranceWorld rank 30 th

ItaliaWorld rank 29 th

USAWorld rank 3 rd

France

JapanWorld rank 12 th

UKPress agency

FrancePress agency

Liberty Media

Telemundo

30

33

RuppertMurdoch

Roberts Family

Hearst Family

AustraliaWorld rank 7 th

BrazilWorld rank 50th

Venezuela

Brazil

Germany

Gustavo Cisneros

Redstonefamily Viacom

Infinity(usa)

70

Bertelsman

LagardèreSCA

DassaultGroupe

Hachette35

25

?

?

Youssef Djamil

Abdelatif

Sony

BaronJohn

Malone ReinhardMohn

ArnaudLagardère

André Desmarais

via National Amusements Inc

Conseil supérieurde l'audiovisuelMedia monitoringvia public policy

CBS

ABC

MTV

FCC

Manhattan InstituteBush publicly credits the Manhattan Institute with inventing his entire "compassionate conservative" platform and persona.

GyllenhammarFriend of Kissinger. Director of Kissinger Associates. Member of The Chase Manhattan Bank. Vice-chairman Aspen Institute

United States Information Agency

Office of Strategic Influence, Pentagone

International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) Every week, more than 100 million listeners, viewers, and internet users around the world turn-on, tune-in, and log-on to U.S. international broadcasting programs. While the "Broadcasting Board of Governors" is the legal name given to the Federal entity encompassing all U.S international broadcasting services, the day-to-day broadcasting activities are carried out by the individual BBG international broadcasters: the Voice of America (VOA), Radio Sawa, Radio Farda, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Radio Free Asia (RFA), Radio and TV Marti, and WORLDNET Television, with the assistance of the International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB). (http://www.ibb.gov/)

MPAThe Motion Picture Association(MPA) was formed in 1945 in the aftermath of World War II to reestablish Americanfilms in the world market, and to respond to the rising tide of protectionism resulting in barriers aimed at restricting the importation of American films.Since its early days, the MPA, often referred to now as "a little State Department," has expanded to cover a wide range of foreign activities falling in the diplomatic, economic, and political arenas.

BerlusconiCompanies controlled by the family of Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi dominate Italian commercial television (with a 45% audience share and over 60% of total advertising sales), have a major presence in advertising and publishing, and have been moving into telecommunications, despite recurrent allegations of of impropriety. Ownership of Italy's mass media is even more concentrated than that of Canada and Australia.Fininvest also has a controlling stake in Mondadori, Italy’s largest book and magazine publishing group (with 30% and 38% of the domestic market respectively). Fininvest controls Il Giornale, a leading national newspaper that competes with L'Espresso's La Repubblica and with La Stampa and Corriere della Sera of the RCS group. It has a 36% stake in financial-services group Mediolanum.The family has beneficial ownership of around 96% of the Fininvest holding company. Fininvest has a 48.6% controlling stake (worth around US$6.0 billion) in Mediaset, the terrestrial television group that competes with state-owned RAI and operates three networks: Canale 5, Italia 1 and Retequattro. (source : © Caslon Analytics, 2003)

Middle East Media Research InstituteMEMRI-USAMEMRI's headquarters is located in Washington, DC with branch offices in Berlin, London, and Jerusalem, where MEMRI also maintains its Media Center. "… the excellent Middle East Media Research Institute" -Former CIA director James Woolsey, June 10, 2002

?Bass

brothers

MEMRI

Berlusconi

Reuters

RAI

Rete4

CSA

10

Globo is the dominant commercial television broadcaster in Brazil, overshadowing the Abril group's TVA. It claims around 75% of Brazilian television advertising spending. Measured by audience it is considered by some commentators to be the fourth largest television network in the world. In Brazil it owns radio stations, daily newspapers (O Globo, Extra, Valor Economico), Época weekly magazine and other publications, the Cabo Globo and Globosat cable and satellite tv services (70% of the Brazilian market), the Som Livre record company, film production interests and a theme park. It also has manufacturing, property, insurance, banking and construction interests. Overall employment is around 23,000 people.

News Corporation

FOX

B SKYB

TVGlobo

DisneyCorp.

Comcast

abril

anti-Chavez tvGlobovision, the country's top 24-hour news station and CNN affiliate

Cisneros Group

Globovision

Venevision

Infinity (one of the largest radio broadcasting operations in the world, with over 184 radio stations

SOCPRESSE

Hachette Filipacchi MédiasThe world's largest consumer magazine publisher

UKState

FranceTélévision

FrenchState

Pehr G Gyllen-hammar

BBC

SilvioBerlusconi

FCC

Roudtable ofEuropean

Industrialists(ERT)

Involved in the death of Lumumba

ERT

Etienne Davignon

IBBVoice ofAmerica

VOA

FAF

FrenchAmerican

Foundation

LucisTrust

Alpina

SafariClub

AMORC

?

Peter D. Sutherland(STUART)

Sir MarkMoody-Stuart

Nixoncenterusa

intelligence complex

financialheart

Bureau d'études, 2005

support Bush'campaign in 2000

Solsnetskaya Organization

most important andmost powerful mafiain Russia

Bresilianstate

Roman lawRoman catho..80%median age 27 yrs hydro 82,7%

federalrepublic

votingstock Hearst

corp

Malta(commonwealth)

APECFTAAP

TrizecHoldings

real estate

CanadaCharles

Bronfman

Tüsiad

associationof employers

NAI

EAG

Chivalric Alliance of Orders of Saint John

Bertrand Collomb2001 – CEO of Lafarge SA (world leader in construction materials). Allianz AG supervisory board member. Board member of CCF (Crédit Commercial de France). Board member of Total Fina Elf. Sits on the consultative committee of Unilever. Director of Siècle. Took part in Davos. Member of the European Round Table of Industrialists, president of the European section of the Transatlantic Business Dialogue (TABD). Cofounder of the French American Business Council.

China Life

largest life insurer China

People's Insurance Co

of China Property & Casualty

Co Ltd

largest propertyinsurer China

China Resources Enterprise

(CRE)

China

PowerCorporation

Belgium

trustee

2,3

6,2

1,53

3,97

Merrill Lynch first contributor (264 000$) to the presidential campaign of George W. Buh Jr. in 2004

12

4,8

Citigroupfirst mondial

speculator on the currency'

market(source: Banque

d'Angleterre, 1999)

J. DeutschFormer CIA, former director of SAIC and Mitre, co

financial support from the

Manhattan Institute

Financial support ofManhattan Institute

Goldman Sachs

USA

MerrillLynch

USA

mellonfinancial corp

USA

State Street Corp.

USA

37Robert

M. GatesJohnsonFamily

John Deutch citigroup

Inc.

USA

Fidelity

USA

TABD

DavosEconomicForum

AFP

Sweden stateCivil lawLuthériens 87%median age 40,1 yrshydro 50,8 nucl. 43% pop. 8, 878, 000

ConstitutionalMonarchy

LippoGroup

China

Martin EbnerOwns 75% of the BZ Bank group holdings. Key of the fusion UBS/Swiss Bank in 1997.

SwedenSwedenMartinEbner

InvestorAB

Sweden

10

40Wallenberg

Family

Khalid Salim ben-

Mahfouz

vonBattenberg

family

family

Schlumbergerfamily Seydoux

Family

Simon Murray

Hutchison Whampoa

Hong Kong

Citicpacific

Hong Kong

41

shares41

Transat-lanticBusinessDialogue

PargesaHoldings

Canada

NatWest(National

Westminster Bank)

UK

Debevoise

usa

Skadden,Arps

usa

Standard & Poor's

Moody's

Fitch

Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière Friendship relations with opus dei. President of the French Steering Committee of the Bilderberg

Fitch, 3rd ratingagency in the world

1st ratingagency in the world

2nd ratingagency in the world

Fimalac

france

Marc Ladreit de

Lachar-rière

100

100 NIKoil Financial

Corporation

RussiaMDM Financial Group is one of the three most important Private financial groups in Russia (in assets). Un 2002 September 30, MDM have a capital of $2,52 billion.

last shareholder

known

NIKoil controles more than 70% of the industrial market and manages 50% of the russion hedge funds assets, representing around 80 000 investors.

MDM Financial

Group

Russia

Andrey Melnichenko

2,2

World Bank

Institute

Nova Scotia

UK

CharoenPokphand (CP)

largest Thai

conglomerate DhaminChiaravanont

Emeka Anyaoku TC GCVO

CON

RCS

SIGINTIMINT

HUMINTOSINT

MASINT

MPA

USIA

Psychological OperationsCommand (PSYOPS), Air Force

Rendon Group

?OSI

USState

SWIFT

CLEARSTREAM

EuropeanBank

BundesBank

Germany

Banquede

france

France

TARGET

Trans-European A u t o m a t e d Real-time Gross s e t t l e m e n t Express Transfer System, TARGETEuropean payment clearing system TARGET

Objev zeměpisné šířky a délky a vytvoření pravidelného měřitelného rastru pro zemský povrch byly

klíčovými nástroji pro ovládnutí nových teritorií, především pak pro námořní trasy, které sehrály

podstatnou roli při vzniku globalizovaného kapitalismu v 17. století. Propojením této racionalizace

prostoru s racionalizací času (rozděleného do dvanácti časových pásem) vznikl rozlehlý trojrozměr-

ný grafický systém, mapa časových zón, což umožnilo synchronizovat činnosti na celé planetě.

Tento grafický prostředek byl jen jedním z celé řady nástrojů, které se objevily se vznikem

racionalistického státu. Tyto smyslové orgány fungující na dálku a sloužící k vnímání společenské

komplexity umožnily státu „vidět“ zároveň minulost i přítomnost a v důsledku toho předvídat

a programovat budoucnost. (...)

Využití kybernetiky v politice a ekonomice a používání počítačových sítí a telekomunikací do

hloubky změní organizaci globálního systému. Vývoj informačních a komunikačních systémů od

podpovrchových vrstev až po oblast vesmíru již otevřel nové možnosti modelování skutečnosti,

protože vedle planetární reality vytvořil jejího info-komunikačního „doppelgängera“. Tento dvojník,

založený na datech, umožňuje podřídit území jeho reprezentaci (a posilovat tak řízení a dálkové kon-

trolní kapacity). Každý bod území, každý objekt subjektu, který ho obývá, je podřízen tomuto dvoj-

četi složenému z dat. Právě v tomto kontextu směřuje sen o totálním řízení k tomu stát se realitou:

mapa se ztotožňuje s územím, akce na mapě je zároveň akcí v realitě.7 Bureau d‘études

The invention of latitudes and longitudes, establishing a regular grid of measurement upon the ups

and downs of the earth’s landscape was an crucial tool in the mastery of territories and above all of

the ocean routes, which were so important in the construction of globalised capitalism in the seven-

teenth century. Meshing this rationalisation of space with the rationalisation of time (sequenced in

the twelve hours of the clock), produced a vast three-dimensional graphic system, a map of time

zones that made it possible to synchronise activities the planet over.

This graphic device was merely one component amongst a whole set of tools that developed

with the emergence of the rational state. The long-distance organs of perception of social complexi-

ty enabled the state to “see” the past and the present and, consequently, to foresee and programme

the future. (...)

The application of cybernetics to politics and economics, the use of computer networks and tel-

ecommunications will deeply transform the organisation of the global system. The development of

information and communications systems from the sub-surface level right up into outer space has

opened new capacities of modelisation by providing the planetary real with an info-communicational

“doppelgänger”. This data-based double makes it possible to subordinate territory to its representa-

tion (thereby reinforcing management and long-distance control capacities). Every point of the ter-

ritory, every object of the subject that inhabits it, is thus subjected to a databased twin. It is in this

context that the dream of total management tends to become a reality: the map being the territory,

action on the map is at the same time action on the territory.7 Bureau d‘études

Světová vláda /The World Government (detail)

2005

Digitální tisk na PVC /

Digital print on PVC, 200 x 270 cm

Se svolením autorů /

Courtesy the artists

Bureau d’etudes Objev zeměpisné šířky a délky a vytvoření pravidelného měřitelného rastru po zem-

ském povrchu byly klíčovými nástroji pro ovládnutí nových teritorií a především pro

zámořské cesty, které sehrály podstatnou roli při vzniku globalizovaného kapita-

lismu v 17. století. Přidáme-li k této racionalizaci prostoru ještě racionalizaci času

(rozděleného do dvanácti pásem na hodinách), vznikl rozlehlý třírozměrný grafický

systém, mapa časových zón, což umožnilo synchronizovat činnosti po celé planetě.

Tento grafický aparát byl jen jedním z celé řady nástrojů, které se objevily se

vznikem racionalistického státu. Dlouhodobé metody vnímání společenské komple-

xity umožnily státu, aby „viděl“ minulost i přítomnost a v důsledku toho dokázal

předvídat a programovat budoucnost.

Aplikování kybernetiky v politice a ekonomice a používání počítačových sítí a

telekomunikací do hloubky změní organizaci globálního systému. Vývoj informač-

ních a komunikačních systémů od podpovrchových vrstev až stratosféru již otevřel

nové možnosti modelování skutečnosti, protože vedle planetární reality vytvořil

jejího info-komunikačního doppelgangera. Tento dvojník, založený na datech,

umožňuje podřídit území jeho reprezentaci (a posilovat tak management a dlouho-

dobé kontrolní kapacity). Každý bod území, každý objekt subjektu, který ho obývá,

je tedy podřízen databázovému dvojčeti. Právě v tomto kontextu má sen o totálním

managementu tendenci stávat se realitou: mapa se stává územím, akce na mapě je

zároveň akcí v realitě.

The invention of latitudes and longitudes, establishing a regular grid of measure-

ment upon the ups and downs of the earth’s landscape was an crucial tool in the

mastery of territories and above all of the ocean routes, which were so important in

the construction of globalised capitalism in the seventeenth century. Meshing this

rationalisation of space with the rationalisation of time (sequenced in the twelve

hours of the clock), produced a vast three-dimensional graphic system, a map of

time zones that made it possible to synchronise activities the planet over.

This graphic device was merely one component amongst a whole set of tools

that developed with the emergence of the rational state. The long-distance organs of

perception of social complexity enabled the state to “see” the past and the present

and, consequently, to foresee and programme the future.

The application of cybernetics to politics and economics, the use of computer

networks and telecommunications will deeply transform the organisation of the global

system. The development of information and communications systems from the

sub-surface level right up into outer space has opened new capacities of modelisation

by providing the planetary real with an info-communicational doppelganger. This data-

based double makes it possible to subordinate territory to its representation (thereby

reinforcing management and long-distance control capacities). Every point of the terri-

tory, every object of the subject that inhabits it, is thus subjected to a databased twin.

It is in this context that the dream of total management tends to become a reality: the

map being the territory, action on the map is at the same time action on the territory.

psychologicalcomplex(medias)

petroleumcartel

President and CEO

Chairman

WilliamJ. Mc

Donough

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision"comité de

Bâle"

CFR

Fed1/4 world

gold reserve

Banque forInternationalSettlements

(BIS)

créa 1930

Peter G. Petersondirecto of the Rockefeller Center Properties. Director of Sony. Trustee of the CED. Member Nixon center

CFR

Board of trustee of the BIS : governors of the Central banks of Canada, Germany, Belgium, United States, France, Italia, Japan, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden and Swiss.

The Basel Commit tee ' s

members come from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, J a p a n , Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, S w e d e n , Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States.

Mitsui ClanMitsubishi Clan

Al SaudClan

Bin LadenClan

Sumitomo Clan

Matsushita Clan

Hitotsubashi Clan

MoriClan

Soongfamily

Lifamily

BushClan

WindsorClan

Vatican

Bank ofEngland

UKborn in 1694

Peter G. Peterson

RothschildClan

RockefellerClan

FRANCE, ALL-net fiscal earnings (2002) 237 billions euros defense budget (2002) 38 billions euros Budget for penitentiary administration increase to 7,75 % (2003).

Bilderberg, Trilateral

Bilderberg, Trilateral

Bilderberg, TrilateralAspen Institute

Grenzschutzgruppe 9

RomanoProdi

PascalLamy

MarioMonti

family family

family

coopération

coop

érat

ion

GeorgeSoros

Schifffamily

fam

ily

Félix Moritz WARBURG (1871-1937) married with Frida SCHIFF in 1895

Walter N. ROTHSCHILD (1892-1965) married

with Carola WARBURG in 1916

James WolfensohnFormer chairman of J.Henry Schroders Banking Corporation and director of Darling & Co of Australia. Former chairman of the financial committee of the Rockefeller foundation. Honorary member honoraires of the Brookings.

adm

RothschildGroup

OwnerRothschild

ABN Amro Holding NV

Netherlands

Crédit Suisse First Boston

Michel David-Weill

Antoine Bernheim

Paul A. FolckerChairman

Wolfensohn&coFormer Chairman,

Board of Governors US

Federal Reserve System + Trilateral

J.P. Morgan international advisory councilGeorge P. Shultz, Sheikh Mohammed Ali Abalkhail, Jean-Louis Beffa, Christopher Hogg (Reuters), Henry A. Kissinger, Yotaro Kobayashi, Shijuro Ogata, Jürgen E. Schrempp, Ratan Naval Tata, Peter K.C. Woo…

Warburg: fourth speculator on the currency'market ( sou r ce : Banque d'Angleterre, 1999)Financial advisor for the Manhattan Institute

Sir Chips Keswickformer director of the Bank of England.

historic owner of Chase

historic owner

of JP Morgan

advisor

FamilyOppenheimer

former presidentof the Bilderberg

Warburg Dillon Read

OwnerWarburg

4

BarclaysPlc

UK

Lloyds

UK

SociétéGénérale

France

CréditAgricole

France

Royal Bankof Canada

Canada

J. P. Morgan Chase

(+ Bank One)

OwnerRothschild/Rockefeller

Club of RomeShell

ReligionsCatholiques romains 31% Protestant 21%Musulmans 4.4%

Queen Beatrix

State ofNetherlands

Civil lawmedian age 38,6 yrsfossile 89,9%

Constitutionalmonarchy

President

JANET McLEOD

JohnStewart

Sir Iain VallanceVice-Chairman, Royal Bank of Scotland. Board of Directors of Mobil Corporation. Vice Chairman of the European Advisory Committee to the New York Stock Exchange. Chairman BT.

13th mondial'speculatoron the currency'market(source: Banque d'Angleterre, 1999)

100

The two executive Directors of TheBullionDesk are Ross Norman and Dominic Hall. The business is supported by Mr John Fairley who is the former General Manager of the gold refining business at Johnson Matthey. John provides thoughtful advice to the Directors in his role as a Non-Executive Director. Ross Norman formerly worked for Johnson Matthey, NM Rothschild & Sons and Credit Suisse before founding Precious Metals Research (PMR) in 1995, which provides a consultancy and reporting service leveraging his broad knowledge of the trading and industrial markets for precious metals.

LONDON Bullion Market Ass.Owner of the market : American International Group-AIG. The Bank of Nova Scotia - Scotia-Mocatta. Barclays Bank PLC. Deutsche Bank AG. HSBC Bank USA London Branch. J Aron & Company (U.K.). JP Morgan Chase BankN M Rothschild & Sons LTD. Société Générale. UBS AG (source : www.lbma.org.uk)

LONDON Bullion Market

Association

TheBullionDesk

Nicholas Clive-WormsGrandson of Hyppolite Worms, founder of the Banque Worms (Jewish banker, converted to Catholicism, anti-Semite, promoted to the rank of “Honorary Aryan” by special decree of Philippe Pétain, financier of the synarchic movement, condemned after the liberation of France (source: réseau voltaire, 2000)

Prince Nguyen-Phuc

Buu Chanh

NorwayCommon & civil lawLutherians 86%median age 37,7 yrs hydro 99,3% pop. 4 546 123

ConstitutionalMonarchy

Sate of AlgeriaIslamic & french lawMuslims sunnites 99%median age 22,5 yrs fossile 99,7% pop. 32 millions

Republic

State of MarocIslamic & french lawMuslims sunnites 98,7%median age 23 yrs fossile 95,4% pop. 31 689 265

ConstitutionalMonarchy

Union du Maghreb Arabe - UMAMarocco. Tunisia. AlgeriaMauritania

French strategic area

presidentSénégal

presidentTogo

presidentCongo

presidentGabon

presidentCameroun

Maître Abdoulaye

WadeGnassingbé

Eyadém

Joseph Kabila

OmarBongo

Paul Biya

Franco Orsini

Russian stateCivil lawpop. 144, 526, 278medfian age 37,6 yrsfossile 64,3 %

Federation

G8 SVR

Monetary Authority

of Singapore

Federal Reserve

USAborn in 1913

ReligionsBuddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism 93%Christian 4.5%

Honorary

Chairm

an

Soong Ching Ling FoundationIn 1987, the Soong Ching Ling Foundation was awarded the title “Messenger of Peace” by the secretary general of the United Nations, Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar.

James SoongJames Soong has announced that he will run for the office of vice-president alongside Lien Chan in the 2004 presidential elections.

Daisaku IkedaPresident of the sectSoka Gakkai (advocate of theocracy)10 million members

Taiwanesestate

Civil lawmedian age 33,2 yrs fossile 72,6%

Démocracy

Soong Dynasty

JamesSoong

Tibet

annexed byChina

Theocracy

Dalaï Lama

State of AustriaCivil lawProtestant 34%median age 41.3 yrsfossile 61,8%

Federalrepublic

Soc. of theGoldenFleece

Club of Rome

President

President

family

State of SpainCivil lawProtestant 34%median age 41.3 yrsfossile 61,8%

Federalrepublic

Silvio Berlusconi

Italian stateCivil codeCatholicMedian age 41 yrsfossile 78,6%

Républic

G8

Fininvest

Gustavo CisnerosClosely linked to the investment funds of US Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst, specializing in media acquisition

Patricia Cisneros

Patricia CisnerosMember of the Americas Society (create by Rockefeller)

BoliviaQuechua 30%mestizo 30%Aymara 25%

blanc 15%

designer of Chile's 1981 social security

privatization. Creator of Project Chile 2010

Colombian statespanish lawmedian age 25,6 yrsHydro 72,7%Roman catho..90%

Républic

Bolivian statespanish lawmedian age20,8 yrs fossile 44,4% Hydro 54%Roman catho..5%

Républic

Over the past five years, almost half (48%) of all foreign investment in Bolivia has come from the United States. (source: www.latinreporters.com)

Asia-Pacific E c o n o m i c Cooperation forum

Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific

Peruvianstate

civil lawmedian age23,5 yrs hydro 84,7% Roman catho..90%

Républic

Chilian statespanish lawmedian age29,5 yrs fossile 47% Hydro 51,5% Catholique rom. 89%

Républic

Free Trade Area of the Americas The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) is the extension of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to every country in Central America, South America and the Caribbean (with the exception of Cuba). The FTAA was devised and set up by the Council of the Americas/Americas Society (created by David Rockefeller, its honorary president), www.americas-society.org), the Forum of the Americas (David Rockefeller, founder), the U.S. Council of the Mexico-U.S. Business Committee (Rodman C. Rockefeller, chairman), the Council on Foreign Relations (David Rockefeller, ex-president), the Trilateral Commission (David Rockefeller, founder and honorary president), and the Chase Manhattan Bank (David Rockefeller, ex-president)

President

Trustee

Council on Foreign Relations+ Trilaterale Commission +

Brookings Institute +Rockefeller Brothers Found

Jessica T. Mathews

Carnegie Endowment for Int Peace

Rockefeller Foundation

Rockefeller BrothersFund

CLUB DEPARIS

group ofcreditors

RockefellerBush

DesmaraisAlbert Frère

Queen Beatrix(Netherlands)

agro-businesscartel

state-controledcomplex

AIPAC

NATO

UNO

OECD

WorldTrade

organizationWTO

GERMANY, ALL-net fiscal earn ings (2002) : approximately 450-billion euros, defense budget (2002): 31-billion euros.

One of the richest man in Europe. Owner of one of the biggest art collection in the world

Thyssen KruppGerhard Cromme, trustee of Suez, Thomson, Allianz, member of the board of director Volkswagen, director of Bank of Austria, and AxaThe Islamic republic of Iran is shareholder of ThyssenKrupp. Mohamad-Mehdi Navab-Motlagh vice-minister for the economic and international affairs of the Ministry for Industry and Mines of the Iran Republic, is member of the Board ThyssenKrupp.

Gerhard Cromme

G8

Primeminister

Budget'Defense (2002): 33-billion euros

ReligionsAnglicans et catholiques 40 millionsMusulmans1, 5 millions Presbyteriens 800 000 Methodistes 760 000Sikhs 500 000Hindous 500 000Juifs 350 000

australian state(commonwealth)English common lawmedian age 36 yrschristians 76%pop. 19 731 984 fossile 90,8%

Démocracy

Canadian stateEnglish common lawmedian age 37,8 yrsfossile fuel 28%hydro 57,9%Roman Catholic 46% Protest. 36%

Confederationwith parliament

G8

JeanChrétien

José Piñera

présid.

État sud-africainCommon law& Netherlands lawmedian age 24.5 yrschristians 68 % fossile 93, 5 %

Républic

British-American Project for

the Successor Generation

(BAP)

UnitedKingdom

Common lawmedian age 38,4 yrsfossile 73,8%

Constitutionalmonarchy

G8

united Statesof America

English common lawmedian age 35,8 yrsfossile 71,4%

Federalrepublic

G8

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey,Ukraine

TüsiadThe principal Turkish business council. Its membership consists of the 400 most important businessmen in the country, accounting for some 50% of Turkey’s GNP.

Milli Guvenlik Kurulu (MGK)The Milli Guvenlik Kurulu (MGK) – the National Security Council – rules on what television channels are authorized. It drafted the bill on education which was implemented in September 1998, and which it considers the best guarantee against Islamic fundamentalism. (source: Wendy Kristianasen, Le Monde Diplomatique, February, 1999)

Bülent EczacibasiBülent Eczacibasi is president of Eczacibasi Holding, one of the leading industrial groups with investments in pharmaceuticals, the paramedical sector, consumer goods, construction material and financial services. He is the current president of the Supervisory Board of the TÜSIAD, the Turkish business syndicate, and also president of the A s so c ia t i o n o f Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industrialists (IEIS).

owner of theKoç Group(most importantturkish conglomerate)

KoçFamily

owner of the Haci Ömer Sabanci Holding

SabanciFamily

members Golden Fleece : Princes Franz, Ludwig, and Rasso of Bavaria, Albert II King of the Belgians, Jean Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Antoine Prince of Ligne, Joachim Prince of Furstenberg, Carl Duke of Wurtemberg, Prince Vincenz of Liechtenstein, Maria-Emanuel Markgraf of Meissen, Duke of Saxony, Georg Prince of Waldburg zu Zeil und Trauchberg, Hans-Adam Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, Clemens Prince of Altenburg, Duarte-Pio Duke of Braganza, Frà Andrew Bertie, 78th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta, Jacobus Count of Eltz…

Leumi GroupLeumi was an integral part of the dream of repatriating the Jewish people to their historic homeland, and was envisioned by none other than Dr. Theodore Herzl. He believed that in order to realize the Zionist dream and to build a modern state, it was necessary to establish a strong and professional financial institution.(source : english.leumi.co.il)

AIPAC - American Israel Public Affairs Committee65 000 mbersThe action from the AIPAC are done under the order from the Mossad (source : israel Shahak)

opposition to theus intervention in Iraq (2003). Family link with André Desmarais. Former employee of Gordon Capital (owner : son of Li Ka Shing)

Israël Corporation (IC) Israel Corp. (IC) is one of Israel’s major holding companies, playing a pivotal role in privatization and the development of key industries. IC’s main activities are focused on chemicals, shipping, oil and energy, advanced technology and communications. (source: www.israelcorp.com)

The Agha Khan is the Imam or leader of the Ismaili Shi’ites. The first Agha Khan was Abu-l-Hasan Ali Shah. he was named Agha Khan in 1818 by the Shah of Persia, Fath Ali.

41,7

State of IsraelLoi coutumière anglaise+ juive., Isl. et Christ. median age 28,9 yearspétrole 99%

ParliamentaryDemocracy

60 Oferfamily

20

ReligionsJewish 80.1%Muslims 14.6% (sunnites maj.)Christans 2.1%

Levdan

20 173 600 jewish in the world(source: World Christian Encyclopedia)

Worldzionistorganiz.

rabbin en chef d'Israël

rabbin Israel

Meir Lau

FTAA

CBSS

ZLEA

Free Trade Areaof the Americas(ZLEA)34 countries

Free Trade Areaof the Americas (FTAA)

BAP

ReligionsShinto and Buddhist 84%Christian 0.7%

Japanesestate

Civil and comon lawmedian age 42 yrsénergy fossile 60% + nuclear 29%

constitutionalmonarchy

G8

Toyoo GyohtenFormer Chariman of the Institute for International Monetary Affairs. He worked 34 years in the Finance ministery

senioradvisor

TrilateralCommission

Mitsubishi CorporationMitsubishi Corporation (MC) is Japan's largest general trading company (sogo shosha) with over 200 bases of operations in approximately 80 countries worldwide. Together with its over 500 group companies, MC employs a multinational workforce of approximately 47,000 people.

ToyooGyohten

via Sum

itomo

Trust

MitsuiGroup (Sogo Sosha) of 325 companies in Japan and of 421 foreign companies. In 1995, 3 Japanese Sogo Shosha, Mitsubischi, Mitsui et Itochu was respectively the 1st, 2nd and 3rd most important compagnies in the world (in terms of revenues). In 1999, these 3 companies returned to the 7th, 6th and 10th rank respectively because of the asian crisis.

SOG

OSH

OSH

A

JapanJapan surpassed the United States in the early 1990s, becoming the leading aid-donating country. In 1999, Japan gave out 67% more foreign aid than the United States. The UN is the largest international organization to depend largely on Japanese money (Japan provided almost 20% of the UN’s budget in 2001).

SumitomoFamily

100

MitsubishiFamily

100

Shijuro Ogataformer deputy governor ofr international relations of the Bank of Japan Member of the Trilateral commission

MinoruMurofushi

TrilateralCommission

chairman

Masahide ShibusawaMasahide Shibusawa, President, Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation, Trustee Japan center for International Exchange

ShijuroOgata

Shibusawa Eiichi

billionaireclub

Masahide Shibusawa

Vice chairman Gouvernor

maj

Sumitomo MitsuiThird world largest financial institution with a capital of $ 936,17 billion.

MitsuiFamily

Mizuho Financial GroupThe Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank, Limited, the Fuji Bank, Limited and the Industrial Bank of Japan, Limited have merge to create Mizuho Bank, Ltd and Mizuho Corporate Bank, Ltd. Second world financial group after Citigroup.

The richest manin the world inthe beginning

of the 80'

Tsutsumi Yoshiaki

MOGI YuzaburoChairman and CEO of the K i k k o m a n C o r p o r a t i o n . Gouvernor of the Global Forum of Japan (GFJ)

MOGI Yuzaburo

owner (100%) of the Mori Group

Bank ofJapan

Japanborn in 1914

?

?

MitsubishiCorporation

SOGOSHOSHA

SeibuGroup

SOGOSHOSHA

Kikkomancorporation

SOGOSHOSHA

Mitsui& co

création 1673

SOGOSHOSHA

Sumitomo Mitsui

Banking corp.

Japan

Mizuho Financial

Group

Japan

Bank of Tokyo-

Mitsubishi

Japan

2,2 2,2

The World Government

Miguel Rodríguez-Orejuela

Gilberto Rodríguez-Orejuela

Cartel de Caliproduce 80% of US cocaine

leader

Council of Baltic Sea States

(CBSS)Denmark, Estonia, Finland,

Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway,

Poland, Russia, Sweden, European Commission

USA/ IsraëlIn keeping with American foreign policy, Israel supported Pinochet in Chili, Papa Doc Duvalier and his son, Bébé Doc, in Haiti, Idi Amin Dada in Uganda, Noriega in Panama (source: Green Left Weekly Magazine, September 1991), the military junte in El Salvador and Mobutu in Zaire (source: www.washington-report.org).

.

FrenchAmericanBusinessCouncil

USRussia

BusinessCouncil

USJapan

BusinessCouncil US

ChinaBusinessCouncil

USTaiwanBusinessCouncil

Shinshûren

drug bank

HSBC

UK

drug bank

PrivyCouncil

Royal Commonwealth Society (RCS)

Inaara Aga Khan

Gran Duca

di Toscana

H.M. King Juan

Carlos I of Spain

Otto of Habsburg

ex-primeminister ofGreatBritain

WWFFounded by Prince Bernhard of Holland, the WWF has pursued a birthrate-reduction policy that is hostile to the populations of the world’s poorest countries. John Loudon, former executive director of Royal Dutch Shell and president of Shell Oil Co., served from 1977 until his death as president of the WWF.

ContiConti is one of the world’s largest cattle feed suppliers, the sixth largest poultry producer in the United States and the coun-try’s largest integrated pork pro-ducer. (December 2003 – IntraFish)

Kraft Food (Philip Morris)Mme Thatcher, former Primeminister of United Kingdom works for Philipp Morris (Kraft Food, General Food) an receive 550.000 £ for her services and expertises.

NestléNestle employs approximately 224,541 people in some 479 factories worldwide. Nestlé is the world's largest food company. It is the market leader worldwide in coffee and mineral water. Nestle SA is a publicly owned company. (Corporate watch)

president

Mar

ine

Stew

ards

hip

Cou

ncil

(MSC

)

BaronneThatcher, LG OM

FRS

Lord Leon

Brittan

Niall FitzGerald

former-viceprésident tothe EuropeanCommission

Sir Mark Moody-StuartUN Secretary General's Advisory Council for the Global Compact

British Petroleum, through its Nutrition division, is the largest feed producer in Europe.

Jeroen van der VeerPresident of Royal Dutch Petroleum Co Advisory Director of Unilever

cap. 179 milliards$

employees 82 000

cap. 104 milliards$employees 55 700

cap. 174 milliards$employees 110 000

?

?

Exxon(esso,mobil)

SaudiAramco

Total

STUART CLAN

?

Paul D Skinner Become chairman of Rio Tinto after 37 years in Royal Dutch Shell.

Paul D Skinner Royal

Dutch Shell

BP Amoco plc

Rio tintoRio Tinto is one of the most important prospector and extractor of ores in the world.

Nestlé

SarahLee

Kraft Food

News corp.News Corp. is the world’s largest E n g l i s h - l a ng uage press publisher. News Corp. is moreover one of the largest investors in Israel.

40

89

KirkKerkorian

American Muslim Alliance

Saudiarabia

islamic lawMusulman 100%

Chief of theSaudi Secret services

Prince Turki Ibn-Faysal, head of the Saudi secret service and cofounder, with bin Laden, of the Afghan “Islamic Legion” in the 1980s, a militia d i r e c t l y supported by the CIA and Riyadh.

fortune (1999)28 milliards $

CargillFive companies account for between 85 and 90% of wheat, corn and soybean production: Cargill, Continental (Cargill), Louis Dreyfus, Bunge and Born, Toepfer . Six companies account for between 85 and 90% of coffee production: Rothos, Cargill, J. Aron, Volkart, Socomex, ED&F Man.Cargill, the world's largest grain exporter, through its Nutrena Feed division, is also the biggest producer of animal feed and hybrid seed in the world, while Continental Grain, through its Wayne Feed division, is one of the biggest producers of feed and a major force in hybrid seed production.

TrilateraleCommission

ReligionsChristian 49%Buddhist 47%Confucianist 3%Mexican

StateCivil law + usRoman catho. 89%Median age 23,8 yrs fossile 78,7% hydro14,2%

Federalrepublic

Peoplemestizo(Amerindian-spanish) 60%Amerindian 30%white 9%

Kim Jong PilThe members of Karak are descendents of the Queen Princess of Ayodhya (birthplace of Rama in India).The president claims to

be the 72nd descendent of King

Kim Suro of the Karak Kingdom.

KoreanState (South)

civil law + common law +chinese lawmedian age 33,2 yrs fossile 62,4% nuc. 36,6%

Républic

Datuk Daim Zainuddin former minister of Finance of Malaysia

Datuk Daim

Zainuddin

Brunei

BruneiPop. 358 098Muslim 67 %Buddhist 13%Christian 10% Indép.1984

SultanatConstitutionnel

jusuf wanandiChairman of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), a think tank create during Suharto times under control of the US. Jusuf Wanandi is former chairman of the ASEAN Institute for Strategic and International Studies (ASEAN ISIS).

Vice-chairman

Abdullah Badawi

Abdullah BadawiMinister for Foreign affairs, former minister of Interior and former Deputy Prime minister et ex-premier ministre adjoint

jusuf wanandi

MalaysiaEnglish common lawmedian age 23,6 yrs Muslim én. fossile 89,5 %

constitutionalmonarchyinternational

islmaicuniversity(kuala lumpur)

Wono-widjojoFamily

owner of the Gudang Garam (tobacco)

Eka Tjipta

Widjaja

owner of the Sinar Mas group (conglomerate)

SuhartoFamily

Quek Leng Chan

Quek Leng ChanThe empire of this cigarillos magnate include the malysian firm Hong Leong Group and Dao Heng Bank from Hong Kong www.asiaweek.com

Mahatir

ReligionsBuddhists 95%Muslims 3.8%Christians 0.5%

General Prem

Tinsula-nonda

General Prem TinsulanondaFormer Prime minister of Thailand (1980-1988)

Prince Nguyen-Phuc Buu ChanhNguyen-Phuc Buu Chanh, Duke of Kien Hoa, is General secretary of the Imperial family Council (France, Paris) and chairman of the Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist (USA).

ÉtatPhilippin

spanish law syst.+ anglo-usmedian age 21,8 yrs fossile 55% hydro 17,5%

Républic

ReligionsRom. Catholic 83%

Protestant 9%Muslim 5%

GeorgesTy

Marcos Dynasty

Union desBanques SuissesUBS

employees 69 000cap. 1530 milliards$

LuxembourgFISCAL PARADISECatholic 87%454 157 hab.

Constitutionalmonarchy

Vatican

Liechtenstein

FISCAL PARADISECatholic 76.2%33 145 hab. Local code

Constitutionalmonarchy

MonacoFISCAL PARADISECatholic 90%32 130 hab.French law

Constitutionalmonarchy

creation 1630

Member of the Supervisory Board:

DaimlerChrysler; KPN; TPG; Member of the

International Advisors Group, Goldman Sachs &Co.;

Fuji Bank

Chief for the Operation Mangoose (against Fidel Castro during Kennedy's time.

Former president

officiallydisolved

employés 98 000créa 1865

petroleum cartel

Switzerland

Bunge & Born

Argentina

France

USA

Germ.

SwitzerlandFISCAL PARADISEpop. 7 318 638âgemoyen 40,2Catholique 46%Protestant 40% Code civil

Républiquefédérale

Koofamily

LGGroup

employees 140 000born 1947

SOUTH KOREA

Leefamily

owns Samsung Electronics

Korea

Chungfamily

owns Hyundai

Motor

Korea

De Beers manage 2/3 of world market of rough stone. (L'Express du 07/12/2000)

PDG

Director

Warburgfamily

Sir Chips Keswick

Nicky Oppen-heimer

Lord Rollof Ipsden

Rothschildfamily

Wormsfamily

Nicholas Clive-Worms

financial support from the

Manhattan Institute

Paul A. Folcker

JamesWolfensohn

Union Bancaire Privée

Lombard Odier

born in 1796

Pictet &cie

born in1805

CliffordChance

UKKing & Spalding

UK

Milbank

usa

KopassusIndonesian special forces, created during the Suharto era with the financial and technical support of the United States (highly involved in the struggle against Indonesian separatist movements in Aceh, in Papua New Guinea and East Timor).(source: www.fas.org)

CEI

UMA

BSEC

Central European Initiative (C.E.I.)Founded in Austria, Italy, Hungary and Yugoslavia in 1989, in the name of Quadrilateral Cooperation, its membership grew to 10 in 1994, to 16 in 1996 and 17 in 2000 with the entry of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (today Serbia and Montenegro). Current members: Italy, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, Byelorussia, Moldavia and the Ukraine.

Triade“14K“

hk+tw

20 000 members

Triade“Wo Group“

hk+tw

20 000 members

Rockefeller

AsiaSociety CICIR

China Institute of Contemporary

International relations-CICIR

PortugeseState

Civil lawRoman catho..94 %median age 37,6 yrs fossile 64,5 % hydro 31%

démocratieparlementaire

State of PolandNapoleonian law+communist lawRoman cathol. 95%(pratiquant 75%)median age 36 yrs fossile 98%

Républic

German stateCivil codeProtestant 34%Median age 41.3 yrsfossile 61,8%

Federalrepublic

G8

FondationRockefeller

Fitch

BND

The indication mentioned in the header (republic, constitutional monarchy, etc.) is given as a guideline only (CIA sources).

Legal system: basic description of the historical underpinnings of the legal system used. Religion: the percentage does not indicate the number of practicing believers but the culture of origin (ie. Poland, 95% Roman Catholic, 75% devout followers).Median age: median age divides the population into two numerically equal groups, one half “younger,” the other half “older.”Principal source of electricity production: percentage of national electricity generated by fossil fuel, hydro, nuclear or other (solar, geothermic, wind) sources. All information taken from the August 2003 edition of the CIA Fact Book. (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook)

Lobby, association of employers

WorldTrade

OrganizationOMC

Secret service,intelligenceagency

State agency

RatingAgency

Foundation

Internationalorganization

Area ofFree Trade

Individual, family,lineageMeaning of acronyms : KBE - Knight Commander of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British EmpireCBE - Commander of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British EmpireOBE - Officer of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British EmpireCBE - Member of the Civil Division of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Percentage of property:x holds 2.2 % of y

Tie of administration

Tie of affiliation or control

Baron Georg

Thyssen-Bornemisza

2,2x y

ShenKurong

?

Industrial firmor conglomerate

massmedia

mercenaries

chimical petroleum

agro-business

PrivateBank

energy

law

pharma

intelligence car

weapon

Pennzoil Quaker

State

State under the control from an other state

Peruvianstate

civil lawmedian age23,5 yrs hydro 84,7% Roman catho..90%

Républic

Investment groupBanking companyHedge fund : fa fund engaging in speculative management on behalf of institutional or private investors InsuranceConglomerateZeibatsu (japan)Chaebol (korea)

Central bank

State

EuropeanBank

BarclaysPlc

UK

MoonUnification

Church

DGSE

P415

ECHELON

Thai State

Common and civil lawmedian age 30,1 yrs fossile 91,3%

Constitutionalmonarchy

Kim Jong Pil

KCIA

Tran Duc Luong

ConAgra/Peavey

Beef producer

Walmart

IBP

Beef producer

HirschFamily

66

Graham FamilyWashington

Post

Dwayne Andreas

Archer Daniels MidlandADM

Cargill

Louis Dreyfus

Toepfer

ContiGroup

CargillFamily

MacMillanFamily

FribourgFamily

AndréSwitzerland

Tradax

100 ChevronTexaco

Pennzoil Quaker

State

LouisDreyfusFamily

AndréFamily

Nikkeiren

japanese federation ofassociation ofemployers

Rocke-fellerfamily

FamilleLandolt

Novartis

Bettencourtfamily

L'Oréal

Princess Maha Chakri Sirind-horn

Queen Mom

Rajawongse Sirikit

Porter J. Goss

CIA

NSA

MetroBank

1st Private bankof the Phillipp.

Baron Georg

Thyssen-Bornemisza

Agnellifamily

IFILFIAT

GSG9

ThyssenKrupp

employees 193 316ca 38 billions eur

Victor Halberstadt

prince Turki Ibn-

Fayçal

ClanSudaïri

King Fahad Bin

Abdulaziz Alsaud

Taisei Yoku senkaïAssociation for the assistance of the Emperor

Mitsui family

Mitsubishi family

Taisei Yoku senkaïEmpereur

Michiko

foodcartel

meatcartel

graincartel

Leumi Group

IsraelCorp.

BilderbergGroup

french stateCivil lawCatholic ± 85%median age 38.3 yrsnuclear 77.1%

Républic

G8

Danish stateCivil lawLuthérians 95 %median age 39,1 yrs fossile 82,7 % pop. 5, 384, 000

ConstitutionalMonarchy

Queen Margrethe

II

Reine Silvia

ClubLe Siècle

G8-member state

Black Sea Economic

Co-operation Council (BSEC)

Cha

irm

an

Cha

irm

an

Bülent Eczacibasi

ECZACIBASI DIS TICARET

CONGLO-MERATE

Turkish stateeurop. syst. of lawMusulm. sunnites 99,8%median age 26,8 yrs fossile 79,3% pop. 68 109 000

democraticrepublic

Milli Guvenlik Kurulu (MGK)

EuropeanCommission

German stateCivil lawProtestant 34%median age 41.3 yrsfossile 61,8%

Federalrepublic

G8

StayBehind

BND

Cartelde Cali

MOSSAD

Chief

Chairman

Ephraim Halevy

National Security Council Uzi

Dayan

Unité8200

MI5 & MI6Older secret servicein the world (1909)

MI52300

employés

MI6

CGHQ

SingapourPop. 4 608 595median age 34,5Common law

Parlementaryrepublic

Ng Teng Fong

Ng Teng FongPatriarch Ng Teng Fong is Singapore's biggest landlord after the government of Singapour. (www.asiaweek.com)

Internat. A d v i s o r y Panel (IAP) of the Monetary Authority of Singapore. 14 members : Lim Hng Kiang, chairman of IAP, Claude Bebear, Chairman of the supervisory board of the AXA group, Rolf-E Breuer, Chairman of the supervisory board of Deutsche Bank AG, Gerald Corrigan, Managing Director at Goldman, Sachs & Co Tom Glocer, Executive Director, Reuter Holdings PLC Rijkman Groenink, Chairman of ABN AMRO Bank NV Mr John Mack, EXEC Chairman of the Credit Suisse First Boston, and Vice-président of the Credit Suisse Group Executive Board. Sir Peter Middleton, chairman of Barclays Bank Plc Mr Marcel Ospel, Chairman UBS. Mr Michel Pebereau, Chairman

BNP Paribas. Mr Robert Rubin, Chairman of the executive comittee Citigroup Inc Dr Werner G. Seifert, Executive director, Deutsche

Bourse. Mr Tasuku Takagaki, Conseiller sénior Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi. Dr Junichi Ujiie, Chairman

Nomura Holdings, Inc

LazardLLC

OwnerDavid-Weill

De Beers(Rothschild)

Anglo American Corporation

Chairman ofEarth Council(Rockefeller)

Maurice StrongFormer chairman of Power Corporation of Canada (Desmarais). Strong is former director of the Temple of Understanding à New York. Senior advisor to the President of the World Bank

senior advisor to UN' SecretaryGeneralKofi Annan

MauriceStrong

Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki

Gemala Group

Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah

Gelugpalineage

Mindrölinghiérarchy

Sakyapa lineage

Citic Pacificemployees 11 733

count hong kongInvestments in infrastructure

projects (aviation, civil engineering, energy production, telecommunications),

real estate (including a portion of the Island of Lantau, the site of the Hong Kong Disneyland park), businesses and distribution companies.

?

chai

rman

Executive Director

founder

James RiadyChinese billionaire. James Ryadi family gave $200,000 to the President Clinton in his first c a m p a i g n (1992).

?maj

Robert Kwok

James Riady

Li Ka-Shing (closely tied to the Communist

Party government of China) is a shareholder in the Pacific

and Atlantic port of the Panama Canal. Li Ka-shing owns, along with his

son, between one-sixth and one-third of downtown Vancouver. (source: sidewinder

Report, 1996)

Robert KwokMember of the Triad. Involved in trafficking Burmese heroin. Member of the Kwok family. Owners of Sun Hung Kai Properties (Hong Kong)

Wheelock Co. Ltd.

China

Dar el-Mal

SaudiArabia

El-Baraka

SaudiArabia

Jardine Fleming

Unit Trusts

ChinaToshihiko

Fukui

4,2

?

42

shares100

BBL (Bank Brussels Lambert)

Belgium

64,7

sharesAndré Desmarais

ChineseState

Larry C. K. Yung

China International

Trust & Investment

(CITIC)

China's largest

conglomerate

largest and most powerful of the Triads.

56,000 members

Luen-shun

Triad“Sun

Yee On“

Deng Xiaoping

Soong Ching Ling Foundation

Chinese Intelligence

Services (ChIS).

ChineseState

median age 31,5 yrs fossile 80,2%

CommunistState

IndonesiaNetherlands lawpop. 234 893 453median age 25,8 yrs Muslims 88 % fossile 86,9 %

Republic

Kopassus

1 200 653 000 muslim in the world.(s: World Christian Encyclopedia)

Daisaku Ikeda

OCI

Organization of Islamic conferences(OCI)

WorldIslamicLeague

1962

Diplomaticrelations with90 countries

1 132 541 500 Catholics in the world (s: World C h r i s t i a n Encyclopedia)

Opus Dei

FamilleBotin

?

Alvarezfamily

El Corte Inglés

(weapons+supermarket)

Kim Bong-ho

Karak Clan Society

World589 327 000 Protestants(source: World C h r i s t i a n Encyclopedia)

WCCWorld Council

of Churches

World Wildlife

FundWWF

Jeroen van

der Veer

Former Archbishop of Canterbury

Queen Rania

of Jordan

BaronAlbert Frère

Member of thePeres center for Peace

Klaus Schwab

Bertrand Collomb

Lord Carey

of Clifton

WorldBank

internationalMonetary

FundsIMF

The Asia Bank for

Development

The Africa Bank for

Development

The European Bank for

Reconstruction and

DevelopmentBERD

6

Alfred von

Oppenheim

Michel Pébereau

AXA

FranceAllianz

(+ Dresdner Bank)

Germany

BNPParibas

France

Royal Bankof Scotland

UK

Sir Iain Vallance

Xing Hua

Xing HuaVice Chairman - China Institute of International Affairs

LiZibin

Li ZibinVice-Minister and former Mayor of the city of Shenzhen

ShinshûrenFederation of New Religious Organizations

of Japan

Chairman ofthe executive committee, Deutsche Bank

Josef Ackermann

Michel Roussin President of the MEDEF’s (the French business syndicate’s) African Committee. African Committee Vice-president Bolloré has been accused of grave responsibilities in the Rwandan genocide. .

Vincent Bolloré1976-1981. Deputy director of the compagnie financière Rothschild. Antoine Bernheim, associate of the Lazard Bank childhood friend of his mother, has supported Vincent Bolloré right from the outset.

Michel Roussin

GroupeBolloré

OwnerBolloré

50,1Vincent Bolloré

Belgian state

Civil lawMedian age 38,7 yrsnuclear 59,3 % catholic 75%

Constitutionalmonarchy

AlbertII

King ofBelgium

Recanatifamily

Atlantic Council

BrookingsInstitute

Committeefor

EconomicDevelop.

CEDusa

BohemianClub

RandCorporation

AspenInstituteusa, japan,

france,germany

MontPélerinSociety

HudsonInstitute

TrilatéraleCommission

Skull & Bones

Club ofRome

OpusDei

Supreme Council,

33�(Scottish

rite)

BilderbergCouncil onForeign Relations

CFR

SMOMOrder

of Malta

PilgrimSociety(UK-USA)

uk-usa

HooverInstitute

usa

USAAmericanEnterpriseInstitute

RockefellerDitchley

Foundation

uk

USA

USA USA

Opus DeiOpus Dei has some 80 000 members in 87 countries, essentially in Spain and La t i n Amer i ca (www.odan.org). It is present in 487 universities and post-secondary institutions, 52 radio and television stations, 694 publishers, 38 press and advertising agencies, 12 film distribution agencies. (See Penny Lernoux, People of God: The Struggle for World Catholicism, New York: Viking, 1989)

SMOMMalta knighthoods are awarded to many leading individuals who are part of the military and intelligence community. The CIA’s Bill Casey, for example, was Knight of Malta. Former NATO General (and later US Secretary of State) Alexander Haig is also a Malta Knight. Another is General Vernon Walters, the former Deputy Director of the CIA under DCI George Bush and later appointed a roving Ambassador during the Reagan administration. The legendary head of the OSS – the WW11 precursor of the CIA – was “Wild” Bill Donovan, who was made a Knight along with his wartime compatriot and later CIA chief of counter-intelligence, James Jesus Angleton. And John McCone, another prominent member of the US “spook” agency was also distinguished with a Malta knighthood.

RIIAuk

IISSuk

HeritageFoundation

BusinessRoundtable

finance

Priory of SionSkull & BonesOldest and most prestigious of Yale’s seven secret societies. Among the others are : Scroll & Key, Book & Snake, Wolf’s Head, Eliahu and Berzelius. The fraternities serve as a recruiting ground for young men destined for careers in government, law, finance and other influential sectors of American life.

Bohemian clubformed in 1872 2,700 membersThe collective corporate stock ownership by members and guests c o n s e r v a t i v e l y exceeds $100 billion. (source : Peter Phillips, COUNTERPUNCH, 2003)

Royal Inst. of Intern.

Affairs (RIIA)

International Institute

for Strategic Studies

chairman emeritus Frank C. Carlucci South Africa 1957-1960 Zaire 1960-1962 Tanzanie 1964-1965 Brazil 1965-1969 ambassador of the US to Portugal until 1978 deputy director of the CIA (1978-80) Founder of the Manhattan Institute (1980). Yemen 1979 Philippines 198. Organisation of the Reagan-Gorbatchev'summit from 29 may until 1er june 1988. Ex-chairman of Carlyle Group.Rand Corporation' Member. United Defense' Member , Pharmacia Corporation…

Knight ofMalta

RandCorporation Frank

C. Carlucci

Life memberof the CED

GeorgeP. Schultz

Richard V. AllenChairman of the Heritage Foundation's Asian Studies Center Advisory Council. Member of the presidential'Task Force concerning the World government International Broadcasting

ExpertExpert

Council for National Policy

treasurer and trustee,

Mont Pelerin Society

Richard V. Allen

Edwin J. Feulner

Chairman

PrésidentSidneyMyer

Sidney Baillieu MyerThe founder of the Tasman, was Sidney Baill ieu Myer, Chairman of N.M. Rothschild Australia.

LOTIS, Liberalization of Trade in ServicesMember of LOTIS : Peter Sutherland, Lord Brittan, Warburg Dillon Read , UBS… Tasman Institute

(Australia)

The Bruges Group

Adam SmithInstitute(UK)

ManhattanInstitute(USA)

New Atlantic Initiative (NAI)Its objectives are to renovate NATO, integrating the new democratic states of Central and Eastern Europe, and to create a vast zone of Euro-American free trade. (source, Réseau Voltaire, 16 March 1998)Patrons: Václav Havel, Margaret Thatcher. Members: Henry Kissinger (president), Alain Besançon, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Colin Powell, Jean-François Revel, Luc de la Barre de Nanteuil, Donald Rumsfeld… (source: http://www.aei.org)

Lotis

Order of St. John of Jerusalem

Legionnariesof Christ

European-Atlantic Group (EAG) founded in 1954 - the same year as the Bilderberg Conference also an "Atlanticist" grouping - to specifically support and promote NATO and the Council of Europe.

Board of Trustees Open Russia FoundationHenry Kissinger, Lord Jacob Rothschild, Khodorkovsky, Piotrovsky"With the backing of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachov and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Soros reached the height of his inf1uence in the Soviet Union when he was asked to assemble a team- including Jeffrey Sachs and Romano Prodi of Italy - to critique the Shatalin Plan, which was based upon IMF-style "shock therapy." "I was a great supporter of the so-called Shatalin Plan," Soros writes in Soros on Soros. " (Georges Soros, Underwriting Democracy)

Mikhail B. PiotrovskyMembre de la Fondation Open Russia. Member of the Dutch Order of Orange-Nassau

James R. Schlesinger former firector of the CIA. Member of the Commission for National security in the XXI century. Member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council

Vice-président, Kissinger Associates, Inc.

former directorof the CIA

special advisor ofthe Président for the national security

Vice chairmanKissinger Associates, Inc.trustee Pennzoil Quaker State (Bush)

Zbigniew Brzezinski

James R. Schlesinger

Alan R. Batkin

Henri A.Kissinger

BrentScowcroft

Keidanren (Keizei Dantai Rengô-kai)Association of employersThe Keidanren is one of the components of the US-Japan Business Council, and brings together almost 90 executive presidents from the most powerful multinationals in North America and Japan.

Yotaro KobayashiChairman of Fuji Xerox. Former chairman of Keidanren + Trilateral commission

Président

TrilateralCommission

MitsubishiCorporation

Keidanren

YotaroKobayashi

Center for

Strategic & Internat.

StudiesCSIS

MinoruMakihara

BaronneThatcher, LG OM FRS

OpenSocietyInstitute

Soros

Mikhail B. Piotrovsky

Open Russia

Foundation

Committee for the Economic Development of Australia

China Institute for Reform and Development

Inst. der deutschen Wirtschaft (Köln)Keizai Doyukai (Japan)

Consejo Empresario de America Latina (CEAL)

Stichting Maatschappij en Onderneming (Netherlands)…

coun

terp

art

TedArison

biggestshareholder

BanqueHapoalim

Chairmanof the councilBritish Jews

Jo Wagerman

OBE

Ambassadorof the Prince

of Walespresident

Inland Revenue

NicholasMontagu

KCBQueen

Elizabeth II(Windsor)

Prince of Wales

Keizei Doyukai

japaneseassociation of

executivedirectors

Opus Dei

Istituto per le Opere di Religione

IOR

OwnerVatican

BancoSantander

OwnerBotinMsgr.

Renato Dardozzi

RockefellerGroup

OwnerRockefeller

founder

14K Triad

HenryFok

secondwealthy

man in Asia

Simon Murray1999 - Cheung Kongs

Holdings Ltd, Director

1999 - Hermès International,

Director1999 - Hutchison Whampoa Ltd,

Director1999 - Tommy

Hilfiger, Inc., Director1999 - Usinor SA,

Director

CRECommercial arm of the Chinese Ministry of commerce and economic cooperation (Ministry of Trade and E c o n o m i c Cooperation).

André DesmaraisHong Kong Chief Executive's Council of International AdvisorsDirector of CITIC (China). Close to Deng Xiaoping

deputychairman

founderand

owner

founder

VictorLi

Li Ka-shing

deutschebank

Germany

Unilever

Rio Tinto

ITOCHU corp.

Japan

SOGOSHOSHA

born in 1858

SumitomoKichizaemon

création 1919

SOGOSHOSHA

Bukkyo Dendo KyokkaïJapanese foundation forthe promotion of buddhism

Numata

Bukkyo Dendo Kyokkaï

TsaiFamily

Owner of theCathay Life

Insuranceet de la Banque Fubon

Order of Malta

Triade

usa

think tank

club or brotherhood

mafia

OpenSocietyInstituteUMA

Keidanren

CEDusa

B’naiB’rith

Carlyle is one of the world's largest global private equity firms with a track record of over 285 investment transactions since its founding in 1987 and with over $16,3 billion currently under management.

CarlyleGroup

usa

Thomas Schmidheiny

CEO of the Holcim Ltd group( the world biggest producter of cement). Owns 35%.

FamilleSchmidheiny

DéfenseIndia is the 3rd supplier of Israel (after China and Turkei) for weapons and defense utilities.

ReligionHindou 81.3%

Muslim 12%Christian 2.3%

Sikh 1.9%

Research and Analysis

Wing [RAW]

indian state

English common lawmedian age 24,1 yrsfossile fuel 81,7%

federalrepublic

Tata SonsTata automobile

empire in India, which has its own state – Tataland – and a

familial working population of some

2,500 000 people.

Ratan Naval Tata

XerxesDesai

Tata Sons Limited

LNM Group

Azim Hasham PremjiFortune : $35,30 milliards . Richest man in India. Chairman of Wipro Corporation (computer).

Mammohan Singh

Mammohan Singh

former finance minister, India

member of the Club of Rome

Azim Hasham Premji

Owner

Lakshmi Mittal Acquisition of SIDEX, the largest steel-production firm in Romania. Ispat International is a subsidiary of the LNM Group, the fourth largest steel producer in the world. Lakshmi Mittal also owns Ispat Karmet, the formerly state-run steelworks in Kazakhstan (and largest employer in the country). He donated £125,000 to the British Labour Party in May 2001. ( w w w . r e d - s t a r -research.org.uk/ispat.html)

4st iron groupin the worldIndia

Lakshmi Mittal

Khalid Salim ben-Mahfouz Manages and owns 80% of the National Commercial Bank, the most important private bank in the Middle east. Strongly involved in the BCCI collapse and in the financing of Oussama Bin Laden.

National Commercial

Bank

SaudiArabia

Club of RomeHeir of the ThroneHashemiteKingdom of Jordan

fortune (1999)20 milliards $

née sous le nom de Lisa Halabyfemme du Roi Hussein

Chairman of theQatar Foundationco-chariman of the International councilof the RAND-Qatar Policy Institute

Sheikha Mozah Bint

Nasser Al-Misnad

Émir Hamad Bin

Khalifa Al Thani

Cheikh Zayed Bin ̀Sultan Al Nahyan

Queen Noor of Jordan

H.R.H. Prince El Hassan bin Talal

JordanIslamic law + code fr.Pop. 5 460 265median age 21,8 yrsMuslim (sunnite) 92 %

Constitutionalmonarchy

United arabEmirates

Pop. 2 484 818Muslim 96 %Indépendance1971

Fédération

QatarPop. 817 052Muslim 95 %Indépendance1971

Constitutionalmonarchy

Al-Jazeera

2nd contributor ofGeorge W. Buh Jr.in 2004 (159 000$)

MMCPutnam + Mercer (subsidiaries)Marsh Inc : 38 000 employees in 100 countries.

Jeffrey W. Greenbergtrustee of The Brookings Institution, CFR et Trilatérale

Chairm.

LehmanBrothers

JeffreyW.

Greenberg

MMCMarshall &Mc Lennan

Employees60 000

USAWorld rank 37 th

USAWorld rank 2 th

MetroGoldwynMayer

51

18

USAWorld rank 35 th

FranceWorld rank 30 th

ItaliaWorld rank 29 th

USAWorld rank 3 rd

France

JapanWorld rank 12 th

UKPress agency

FrancePress agency

Liberty Media

Telemundo

30

33

RuppertMurdoch

Roberts Family

Hearst Family

AustraliaWorld rank 7 th

BrazilWorld rank 50th

Venezuela

Brazil

Germany

Gustavo Cisneros

Redstonefamily Viacom

Infinity(usa)

70

Bertelsman

LagardèreSCA

DassaultGroupe

Hachette35

25

?

?

Youssef Djamil

Abdelatif

Sony

BaronJohn

Malone ReinhardMohn

ArnaudLagardère

André Desmarais

via National Amusements Inc

Conseil supérieurde l'audiovisuelMedia monitoringvia public policy

CBS

ABC

MTV

FCC

Manhattan InstituteBush publicly credits the Manhattan Institute with inventing his entire "compassionate conservative" platform and persona.

GyllenhammarFriend of Kissinger. Director of Kissinger Associates. Member of The Chase Manhattan Bank. Vice-chairman Aspen Institute

United States Information Agency

Office of Strategic Influence, Pentagone

International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) Every week, more than 100 million listeners, viewers, and internet users around the world turn-on, tune-in, and log-on to U.S. international broadcasting programs. While the "Broadcasting Board of Governors" is the legal name given to the Federal entity encompassing all U.S international broadcasting services, the day-to-day broadcasting activities are carried out by the individual BBG international broadcasters: the Voice of America (VOA), Radio Sawa, Radio Farda, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Radio Free Asia (RFA), Radio and TV Marti, and WORLDNET Television, with the assistance of the International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB). (http://www.ibb.gov/)

MPAThe Motion Picture Association(MPA) was formed in 1945 in the aftermath of World War II to reestablish Americanfilms in the world market, and to respond to the rising tide of protectionism resulting in barriers aimed at restricting the importation of American films.Since its early days, the MPA, often referred to now as "a little State Department," has expanded to cover a wide range of foreign activities falling in the diplomatic, economic, and political arenas.

BerlusconiCompanies controlled by the family of Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi dominate Italian commercial television (with a 45% audience share and over 60% of total advertising sales), have a major presence in advertising and publishing, and have been moving into telecommunications, despite recurrent allegations of of impropriety. Ownership of Italy's mass media is even more concentrated than that of Canada and Australia.Fininvest also has a controlling stake in Mondadori, Italy’s largest book and magazine publishing group (with 30% and 38% of the domestic market respectively). Fininvest controls Il Giornale, a leading national newspaper that competes with L'Espresso's La Repubblica and with La Stampa and Corriere della Sera of the RCS group. It has a 36% stake in financial-services group Mediolanum.The family has beneficial ownership of around 96% of the Fininvest holding company. Fininvest has a 48.6% controlling stake (worth around US$6.0 billion) in Mediaset, the terrestrial television group that competes with state-owned RAI and operates three networks: Canale 5, Italia 1 and Retequattro. (source : © Caslon Analytics, 2003)

Middle East Media Research InstituteMEMRI-USAMEMRI's headquarters is located in Washington, DC with branch offices in Berlin, London, and Jerusalem, where MEMRI also maintains its Media Center. "… the excellent Middle East Media Research Institute" -Former CIA director James Woolsey, June 10, 2002

?Bass

brothers

MEMRI

Berlusconi

Reuters

RAI

Rete4

CSA

10

Globo is the dominant commercial television broadcaster in Brazil, overshadowing the Abril group's TVA. It claims around 75% of Brazilian television advertising spending. Measured by audience it is considered by some commentators to be the fourth largest television network in the world. In Brazil it owns radio stations, daily newspapers (O Globo, Extra, Valor Economico), Época weekly magazine and other publications, the Cabo Globo and Globosat cable and satellite tv services (70% of the Brazilian market), the Som Livre record company, film production interests and a theme park. It also has manufacturing, property, insurance, banking and construction interests. Overall employment is around 23,000 people.

News Corporation

FOX

B SKYB

TVGlobo

DisneyCorp.

Comcast

abril

anti-Chavez tvGlobovision, the country's top 24-hour news station and CNN affiliate

Cisneros Group

Globovision

Venevision

Infinity (one of the largest radio broadcasting operations in the world, with over 184 radio stations

SOCPRESSE

Hachette Filipacchi MédiasThe world's largest consumer magazine publisher

UKState

FranceTélévision

FrenchState

Pehr G Gyllen-hammar

BBC

SilvioBerlusconi

FCC

Roudtable ofEuropean

Industrialists(ERT)

Involved in the death of Lumumba

ERT

Etienne Davignon

IBBVoice ofAmerica

VOA

FAF

FrenchAmerican

Foundation

LucisTrust

Alpina

SafariClub

AMORC

?

Peter D. Sutherland(STUART)

Sir MarkMoody-Stuart

Nixoncenterusa

intelligence complex

financialheart

Bureau d'études, 2005

support Bush'campaign in 2000

Solsnetskaya Organization

most important andmost powerful mafiain Russia

Bresilianstate

Roman lawRoman catho..80%median age 27 yrs hydro 82,7%

federalrepublic

votingstock Hearst

corp

Malta(commonwealth)

APECFTAAP

TrizecHoldings

real estate

CanadaCharles

Bronfman

Tüsiad

associationof employers

NAI

EAG

Chivalric Alliance of Orders of Saint John

Bertrand Collomb2001 – CEO of Lafarge SA (world leader in construction materials). Allianz AG supervisory board member. Board member of CCF (Crédit Commercial de France). Board member of Total Fina Elf. Sits on the consultative committee of Unilever. Director of Siècle. Took part in Davos. Member of the European Round Table of Industrialists, president of the European section of the Transatlantic Business Dialogue (TABD). Cofounder of the French American Business Council.

China Life

largest life insurer China

People's Insurance Co

of China Property & Casualty

Co Ltd

largest propertyinsurer China

China Resources Enterprise

(CRE)

China

PowerCorporation

Belgium

trustee

2,3

6,2

1,53

3,97

Merrill Lynch first contributor (264 000$) to the presidential campaign of George W. Buh Jr. in 2004

12

4,8

Citigroupfirst mondial

speculator on the currency'

market(source: Banque

d'Angleterre, 1999)

J. DeutschFormer CIA, former director of SAIC and Mitre, co

financial support from the

Manhattan Institute

Financial support ofManhattan Institute

Goldman Sachs

USA

MerrillLynch

USA

mellonfinancial corp

USA

State Street Corp.

USA

37Robert

M. GatesJohnsonFamily

John Deutch citigroup

Inc.

USA

Fidelity

USA

TABD

DavosEconomicForum

AFP

Sweden stateCivil lawLuthériens 87%median age 40,1 yrshydro 50,8 nucl. 43% pop. 8, 878, 000

ConstitutionalMonarchy

LippoGroup

China

Martin EbnerOwns 75% of the BZ Bank group holdings. Key of the fusion UBS/Swiss Bank in 1997.

SwedenSwedenMartinEbner

InvestorAB

Sweden

10

40Wallenberg

Family

Khalid Salim ben-

Mahfouz

vonBattenberg

family

family

Schlumbergerfamily Seydoux

Family

Simon Murray

Hutchison Whampoa

Hong Kong

Citicpacific

Hong Kong

41

shares41

Transat-lanticBusinessDialogue

PargesaHoldings

Canada

NatWest(National

Westminster Bank)

UK

Debevoise

usa

Skadden,Arps

usa

Standard & Poor's

Moody's

Fitch

Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière Friendship relations with opus dei. President of the French Steering Committee of the Bilderberg

Fitch, 3rd ratingagency in the world

1st ratingagency in the world

2nd ratingagency in the world

Fimalac

france

Marc Ladreit de

Lachar-rière

100

100 NIKoil Financial

Corporation

RussiaMDM Financial Group is one of the three most important Private financial groups in Russia (in assets). Un 2002 September 30, MDM have a capital of $2,52 billion.

last shareholder

known

NIKoil controles more than 70% of the industrial market and manages 50% of the russion hedge funds assets, representing around 80 000 investors.

MDM Financial

Group

Russia

Andrey Melnichenko

2,2

World Bank

Institute

Nova Scotia

UK

CharoenPokphand (CP)

largest Thai

conglomerate DhaminChiaravanont

Emeka Anyaoku TC GCVO

CON

RCS

SIGINTIMINT

HUMINTOSINT

MASINT

MPA

USIA

Psychological OperationsCommand (PSYOPS), Air Force

Rendon Group

?OSI

USState

SWIFT

CLEARSTREAM

EuropeanBank

BundesBank

Germany

Banquede

france

France

TARGET

Trans-European A u t o m a t e d Real-time Gross s e t t l e m e n t Express Transfer System, TARGETEuropean payment clearing system TARGET

45

Bur

eau

d’ét

udes

47

European Round Tableof Industrials (ERT)

lehmanbrothers

templetonglob. inv.

créditlyonnais

abnamro

european bankfor reconstr. & dev

ing groep

commercialunion ass.

dresdner bank

commerz bank

bancosantander

kredytbank

bancosan paolo

bancoesperito

santo

sanwa bank ltd

sumitomotrust

dai ichimutual life

fuji bankltd

nipponlife

prudentialWellington

Management Co.

mediobanca

suezlyonnaise

axabruxelleslambert

deutschebank

unibanco

cedel clearstream

y

mellonfinancial corp

chasemanhattan

crédit commercial de fr.

hong kong &shangai banking co

wells fargo

carlylegroup

meijilife

6,3

commerce int. merch. bankers kuala lumpur

pt bank bali

tokyo trust and banking co

Thai

State

2,42 2,12

ministry of finance

siam commercial bank (bangkok)

8,3

16

8,6

11

38,8

4,19

1,73

2,72

2,9

2,65

11,76

2,67

2,51

2,51

1,75

3,61

3,61

2,85

1,9

2,67

4,03

1,27,3

2,694

French

State

3,3

2,5

1,6

2,9

6,01

3,6

21

3

3,95

generali

3,23

5,01

agf

3,83

1,2

11,4

8,2

4,69

19,68

9,17

0,15 1,83

0,11

6,9

2

19,5

5

allianz0,15

5,32

98,6

Mitsubishi Corp

3-1, Marunouchi 2-chome,

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-86, Japan

tel 03-3210-5401

3,6

mitsubishitrust

492,2

bank of tokyomitsubishi

george

bush

Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs

under President Reagan

Mr.

Carlucci

was Treasurer and Chief Investment Officer of the World Bank

Ms.

Beschloss

served in the Nixon Administration as Staff Assistant (Foreign Affairs)

on the National Security Council

Jonathan

E. Colby

Genoyer Group

Tecnoforge

Homsel AG

local governmentofficers (japan)

Warren

Buffet

Coca Cola

General Dynamics

Gillette

Washington Post20

7,9

8,6

8,1

3,2 American Express M&T Bank Corp.

10,9

?Robert

Douglas

bancoambrosiano

Banque Général du Luxembourg

nomurabank

Institut pour les Oeuvres Religieuses

banque int.du

luxembourg

TrilateralCommission

1,8 5,58,5 2,5 6 ?

1,76

?

1,1

4,58

1,17 1,31 1,98 2,29

société général de belgique

créditagricole

banca diroma

bnpparibas

fortis

rabobank aegon

bankerstrust comp.

j. p.morgan

capital guardiantrust co.

vanguardgroup

city assetmanagement gr.

capital research & manag. co

fidelity manag. & res. co

jennissonass.

januscapital corp.

putnam century inv.

priceassociates

barclaysglob. inv.

2,1

Rowe Price Associates Inc.

Dodge & Cox

exxonmobil

unocal

motorola

1,65

4,65

1,06

vodafone

1,17

cnp

German

State

sociétégénérale

calpers

totalfinaelf

vatican

state

pearson

1,77 1,41 1,351,26 3,07

state streetbank & trust

franklin ressources

bancobilbao

36,9

sakurabank

dai ichikangyo bank

king fayçalfoundation

new york state & local

allmannamensionsfonden (sweden)

kdar el mar(arabie saoudite)

a.t.

State

Japanese

NISSHOchamber of commerce

NIKKEIRENemployers federation

KEIDANRENnat. fed. of econ. orgs.

caisse desdépôts

miti

WorldBank

4

world economic forumDAVOS

Transatlantic Business Dialogue

Union of Industrial andEmployers� Confederations

of Europe

UNICE WTO Working Group

EuropeanServices Forum

wto

heritagefoundation

European Council ofAmerican Chambers

of Commerce

American

StateCouncil on

Foreign Relations

Soros Fund Management LLC

soros institute

Perseus-Soros BioPharmaceutical Fund

Quantum Fund

Open Society Institute - Paris

38 Boulevard Beaumarchais

75011 Paris France

Phone: (33 1) 48 05 24 74

Fax: (33 1) 40 21 65 41

Email: sorosfr�worldnet.fr

Rockefeller Foundation

420 Fifth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

USA

Tel.: (212) 869-8500

E-mail: jmoock�rockfound.org

groupe Bilderberg

Michel Rocard (Bilderberg)

Zbigniew Brzezinski (C.F.R., Trilatérale, Bilderberg)

Henry Kissinger (C.F.R., Trilatérale, Bilderberg)

Robert McNamara (C.F.R., Trilatérale, Bilderberg)

Giovanni Agnelli (Trilatérale, Bilderberg)

Baron Edmond de Rothschild (Trilatérale, Bilderberg)

Thierry de Montbrial (Trilatérale, Bilderberg)

Lionel Jospin (Bilderberg)

André Levy-Lang,Paribas (Bilderberg)

J. D. Wolfensohn,World bank(Trilatérale, Bilderberg)

Klaus Schwab, président, WEF Davos (Bilderberg)

George

Soros

tiaacref

lagardèresca

daimlerchrysler

bursonmarsteller

EuropeanCommission banque

islamiqueinternationale

d�inv. & dév. (BIIRD)

al sharif(egypt) 33

Saoudia

Arabia

MuslimBrotherhood Movement

Russian Mafia

Colombian Mafia

state of

luxemburg

1,9

Rockefeller Center Properties

Trust and RCP Holdings

Rockefeller Foundation

vivendiunivers

havas advertising

10

6,5

12

2,03

12

4

institutionalinvestors

66

sociétégénérale debanque en

côte d�ivoire

first african bank

67,4

38,7

47B

urea

u d’

étud

es

49

49

Bur

eau

d’ét

udes

51Jestliže je dnes v sázce především schopnost lidstva vytvářet dějiny a jestliže rozvoj technologic-

kých systémů paradoxně tuto schopnost oslabil, pak základním předpokladem dnešní politiky by

mělo být rozbití těchto systémů, omezení produktivních a normativních vzájemných závislostí.

Sociální demokracie vycházela z předpokladu, že dělníci nebo zaměstnanci by neměli ničit své

výrobní prostředky, že jde v podstatě o změnu jejich užívání nebo způsobu řízení. Sociální demo-

kracie skončila. Normalizované a normalizující technologické systémy zničily škálu autonomií tím,

že upevnily závislosti. Posílily moc kontroly, standardizace a transformace obyvatelstva. Dnes jde

o (znovu)vytvoření suverénních autonomií, které budou nezávislé na plánované budoucnosti, na

psychopolitice prezentované v médiích po celém světě, na placené práci závislé na celosvětové

organizaci výroby a na globalizovaných komerčních a finančních kruzích.8 Bureau d‘études

If what is fundamentally at stake in humanity is making history, and if this capacity is paradoxically

reduced by the development of technological systems, then the segmentation of these systems, the

limitation of the productive and normative interdependencies, would appear to be the precondition

of politics today. Social democracy is entirely contained within the proposition that workers or em-

ployees should not destroy their productive instruments, that it is essentially a matter of changing

their use or style of management. Social democracy is finished. By reinforcing dependencies, the

normalized and normalizing technological systems have destroyed the range of autonomies. They

have reinforced the powers of control, standardization and transformation of populations. At stake

today is the (re)creation of sovereign autonomies outside planned futures, outside psychopolitics

as it is staged in the media on the four corners of the earth, outside salaried labor depending on the

worldwide organization of production, on globalized commercial and financial circuits.8 Bureau d‘études

51

Světová vláda / The World Government (str./page 44–45)

2005

Digitální tisk na PVC / Digital print on PVC, 200 x 270 cm

Se svolením autorů / Courtesy the artists

www.bureaudetudes.org

Finanční industriální komplex / Financial Industrial Complex (str./page 46–47)

2002

Digitální tisk na PVC / Digital print on PVC, 194 x 270 cm

Se svolením autorů / Courtesy the artists

www.bureaudetudes.org

Mediální zdatnost / Media Skills (detail, str./page 48–49)

2004

Digitální tisk na PVC / Digital print on PVC, 200 x 270 cm

Se svolením autorů / Courtesy the artists

www.bureaudetudes.org

Komplexní já / Complex of the Self (detail)

2008

Digitální tisk na PVC / Digital print on PVC, 190 x 270 cm

Se svolením autorů / Courtesy the artists

www.bureaudetudes.org Bur

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Jenny Holzer

Truismy / Truisms (detail)

2010

Plakáty, ofset / Offset posters, 88.3 x 58.1 cm (každý / each)

Instalace / Installation: Artist Rooms: Jenny Holzer, Talbot Rice Gallery, Edinburgh, UK

Photo: Collin LaFleche

Jazyk je jako všechno ostatní – divočejší a individualističtější, než se zdá, a myslím, že je možné

dělat osobní výběr, nebo dokonce vytvořit autobiografii z textů, kteří napsali jiní. Ráda také nabí-

zím téměř ekvivalent encyklopedií, a to je jeden z důvodů, proč jsem začala používat texty mnoha

jiných – abych mohla ukázat víc. Když jsem začala s Truismy, chtěla jsem naznačit „Podívej, tady

to všechno je!“ nebo alespoň destilát z toho všeho. Snažím se, aby mi tenhle přístup vydržel.9 Jenny Holzer

Language is like everything else, wilder and more individual than credited, and I do think it is possi-

ble to make personal selections, even autobiography, from others’ writing. I also like to offer almost

the equivalent to encyclopedias, and that’s one reason why I’ve gone to writing by many others—so

that I can provide more. What I started with—the Truisms—tried to represent “Look, here’s every-

thing!” or a distillation of everything. I’ve tried to keep that approach going.9 Jenny Holzer

ODBORNÍCI JSOU ČASTO MAGOŘI

MUŽ NIKDY NEMŮŽE POCHOPIT, JAKÉ TO JE BÝT MATKOU

JMÉNO SAMO O SOBĚ VYPOVÍDÁ MNOHÉ

NEJDŮLEŽITĚJŠÍ JE POZITIVNÍ PŘÍSTUP

BÝT VYROVNANÝ AUTOMATICKY NEZNAMENÁ BÝT LEPŠÍ

CIT PRO SPRÁVNÉ NAČASOVÁNÍ JE ZNÁMKOU GENIALITY

JEDNA UDÁLOST MŮŽE MÍT NEKONEČNĚ MNOHO INTERPRETACÍ

SILNÉ ZÁZEMÍ POMÁHÁ ČLOVĚKU UTVÁŘET SVÉ VLASTNÍ JÁ

PŘÍLIŠ SILNÝ POCIT PRO POVINNOST ČLOVĚKA SVAZUJE

Nejedná se o oficiální překlad / This is not an official translation

55

55

Truismy / Truisms 1977

Plakáty, ofset / Offset poster, 88.3 x 58.1 cm

Se svolením autorky / Courtesy the artist & Sprueth Magers Berlin London

Instalace / Installation: New York

Photo: Jenny Holzer

ZNEUŽÍVÁNÍ MOCI NENÍ ŽÁDNÝM PŘEKVAPENÍM

ODCIZENÍ DĚLÁ Z LIDÍ EXCENTRIKY NEBO REVOLUCIONÁŘE

EXISTENCE ELITY JE NEVYHNUTELNÁ

VZTEK ČI NENÁVIST MŮŽOU BÝT UŽITEČNOU MOTIVACÍ

JAKÝKOLI NADBYTEK JE NEMORÁLNÍ

ZHNUSENÍ JE VHODNÁ REAKCE NA VĚTŠINU SITUACÍ

PRÁCE VŠECH JE STEJNĚ DŮLEŽITÁ

VÝJIMEČNÍ LIDÉ SI ZASLUHUJÍ ZVLÁŠTNÍ VÝSADY

VĚRNOST JE SPOLEČENSKÝ, NIKOLI BIOLOGICKÝ ZÁKON

SVOBODA JE LUXUS, NE NUTNOST

VLÁDA JE BŘEMENO NESENÉ LIDMI

HUMANISMUS JE PŘEŽITEK

IDEÁLY JSOU V JISTÉM VĚKU NAHRAZENY KONVENČNÍMI CÍLY

DĚDICTVÍ JE TŘEBA ZRUŠIT

ZABÍJET JE NEVYHNUTELNÉ, OVŠEM NENÍ TO NIC, NA CO BY MĚL BÝT ČLOVĚK HRDÝ

PRÁCE JE ČINNOST, KTERÁ UBÍJÍ ŽIVOT

PENÍZE VYTVÁŘEJÍ VKUS

MRAVY JSOU JEN PRO MALÉ LIDI

VĚTŠINA LIDÍ NENÍ S TO SAMA SI VLÁDNOUT

ČLOVĚK BY SI VĚTŠINOU MĚL HLEDĚT SVÉHO

MNOHÉ BYLO ROZHODNUTO JEŠTĚ PŘED NAŠÍM NAROZENÍM

KAŽDÁ VRAŽDA MÁ SVOU SEXUÁLNÍ STRÁNKU

BOLEST MŮŽE BÝT POZITIVNÍ

LIDÉ JSOU ZODPOVĚDNÍ ZA TO, CO DĚLAJÍ, POKUD TO NEJSOU ŠÍLENCI

LIDÉ, KTEŘÍ NEPRACUJÍ RUKAMA, JSOU PARAZITÉ

LIDÉ, CO PROPADNOU ŠÍLENSTVÍ, JSOU JEN PŘÍLIŠ CITLIVÍ

OPATRNOST MŮŽE V DLOUHODOBÉM HORIZONTU ZPŮSOBIT SPOUSTU ŠKODY

SOUKROMÉ VLASTNICTVÍ JE PŘÍČINOU ZLOČINU

ROMANTICKÁ LÁSKA BYLA VYMYŠLENA K MANIPULOVÁNÍ ŽEN

SOBECKOST JE TÍM NEJVĚTŠÍM ÚSPĚCHEM

SEPARATISMUS JE CESTOU K NOVÉMU ZAČÁTKU

SEXUÁLNÍ ROZDÍLY PŘETRVAJÍ NAVĚKY

HLADOVĚNÍ JE PŘIROZENÉ

STERILIZACE JE ZBRANÍ VLÁDNOUCÍCH

HLOUPÍ LIDÉ BY NEMĚLI MÍT DĚTI

TECHNOLOGIE NÁS POSUNE NEBO ZNIČÍ

RODINA ŽIJE VE VYPŮJČENÉM ČASE

Nejedná se o oficiální překlad / This is not an official translation

Snažím se, aby mé umění vypovídalo o tom, co se mě dotýká, což je často přežití. K tomu upínám

své snahy: pracuji s tím, čemu lidé věří, s jejich postoji, a někdy ukazuji konkrétní věci, které by mohli

udělat. Zároveň to pořád zkouším sama na sobě. Nemyslím, že je to něco, co dělají všichni umělci,

a ani to není něco, co by dělat měli, ale je to přesné vyjádření toho, o co se pokouším já.10 Jenny Holzer

I try to make my art about what I‘m concerned with, which often tends to be survival. I do gear

my efforts toward that end: I work on people‘s beliefs, people‘s attitudes, and some times I show

concrete things that people might do. I try this on myself all the time, too. I don‘t think it‘s what

everybody does in art and certainly it‘s not what everybody should do, but it‘s an accurate represen-

tation of what I try.10 Jenny Holzer Jenn

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TUNELOVÁNÍ JE DOBRÉPRO DOPRAVU, UTAJOVANÝPOHYB A DVOJÍ VYHLÍDKU NA BEZPEČNOST A UDUŠENÍ.

Tunelování je dobré pro dopravu... / Tunneling is good for transportation … Text: Living Series (1980–1982)

1981

Email na plechu, ručně malovaná značka / Enamel on metal, hand-painted sign, 53.3 x 58.4 cm

Se svolením autorky a / Courtesy the artist and Sprueth Magers Berlin London

Já o svých politických názorech moc nemluvím, protože nemám ráda, když lidé zaměňují mě

samotnou a moje dílo, a jsem už dost stará, abych dokázala rekonstruovat, jaká četba mě ovlivnila

v různých obdobích života. Můžu prezentovat svůj názor, že válka v Iráku je chyba a že zatajování

před invazí a po ní bylo a je nebezpečné a trestuhodné. Díla s odtajněnými materiály vznikla z mých

často horečnatých obav (všimněte si počtu těch maleb) z války a následujících změn v americké

společnosti.11 Jenny Holzer

I don’t talk much about my politics because I don’t like people to confuse my work and me, and

I am old enough that it’s not possible for me to reconstruct which readings affected me in different

times of my life. I can offer that I think the war in Iraq is a mistake and that the secrecy in advance

and after the invasion was and continues to be dangerous and reprehensible. The works with

declassified material are from my sometimes frantic (witness the number of paintings) worrying

about the war and the attendant changes in American society.11 Jenny Holzer

Truismy / Truisms 1977

Plakát, ofset / Offset poster, 88.3 x 58.1 cm

Se svolením autorky / Courtesy the artist & Sprueth Magers Berlin London

Instalace / Installation: New York

Photo: Jenny Holzer