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1. Which one of the following digestive system organ secrets HCO3- proteases, lipases and amylase to provide digestion processa. Liverb. Stomachc. Pancreasd. Small intestinee. Salivary gland

2. Which one of the following statement is correct concerning the digestive enzymes: a) Secreted by endocrine gland b) Enzymes work intracellular milieu c) All digestive enzymes are controlled by insulin d) All digestive enzymes hydrolyze their substance e) All digestive enzymes are secreted as inactive precursors

3. Which one of the following peptide stimulate gastric acid, increase gastric motility, and growth of mucosa of stomach?

A. Gastrin

B. Secretin

C. Cholecystokinins (CCK)

D. GIP

E. VIP

4)Which of the following is exoenyzme?

a.pepsin

b.trypin

c.elastase

d.carboxypeptidase

e.deoxyribonuclease

5. trypsinogen will be converted to its active form by:

A. HCL

B. HCO3

C. trypsin

D. amylase

E. enteropeptidase (slide 26 digestive system)

6) Monosaccharides will cross the enterocytes membrane heading into blood capillaries via:

A) GLUT 1

B) GLUT 2

C) GLUT 5

D) SGLT 1

E) SGLT 2

7. Total serum bilirubin consist of:

A. Direct bilirubin and biliverdinB. Indirect bilirubin and bound bilirubinC. Biliverdin and unconjugated bilirubinD. Direct bilirubin and conjugated bilirubinE. Indirect biilirubin and conjugated bilirubin

8) Which one of the following statement is correct about direct bilirubin.

A. Conjugated with glucuronic acid

B. Formed by reduction biliverdin

C. Soluble in organic solvent (alcohol)

D. Transported to the liver by albumin

E. No reaction in the Erlich’s diazo reagent

9. Which one of the following statements is incorrect concerning the function of nucleotide?

a. alternative energy source of body

b. acting as metabolic allosteric regulation

c. activated precursors of DNA and RNA

d. storing moieties structure of coenzyme

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10. The De novo pathway of purine base synthesis is arranged in

1 production of IMP2 reduction of AMP3?4 production of ADP dADPAns: 3-1-2-4 (note that soalan ni xsama mcm soalan dlm exam tp jawapan die macam dah betul je – refer to Nucleotide synthesis)

11. Which one serve as precursor of nitrogenous bases of nucleotides biosynthesis?

A)PRPP B)Phospate C)Amino acid D)Carbon dioxide E) Tetrahydrofolate

12.Which one of the following reactions is catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductase

A.IMP + Aspartat +GTP AMP

B.IMP + Glutamin +ATP GMP

C.ADP dADP

D.GMP GDP

E.dGDP dGTP

13) Which one of the following reactions correctly describe the pyrimidine salvage pathway..

A) uracil + ATP thymine

B) cytosine + ATP cytidine

C) glutamine + PRPP fosforibosilamin

D) uracil + ribose 1-phosphate uridine

E) thymine + ribose 1-phosphate thymidine

14) degration of purine nucleiotides(AMP&GMP) occur mainly in:A.liverB.kidneyC.adrenal glandD.smooth muscleE.skeletal muscle

15) .which enzyme is the key enzyme for the regulation of Fe-protoporphyrin IX synthesis?

a.aminolevulinate synthase

b.protoporfirinogen oxidase

c.porphobilinogen synthase

d.hidroksimetlbilana synthase

e.uroporfirinogen III synthase

16. The proportion of cellular elements of the blood known as:

a. Hematocrit

b. Hemostasis

c. Hemosiderin

d. Hematopoiesis

e. Hemaglutination

17) what is the peripheral protein of normal RBC membrane?Fibrilin, protein 3, spectrin,amyloid, dystrophine

18. Which statement best describe methemoglobin?

A. T conformation of HbB. Ferric state of HbC. Highest affinity to oxygenD. Same structure with HbFE. Responsible in producing red color of blood

19. In comparison to this individual, which one of the following combination of hemoglobin percentages is most consistent with the hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern from a normal adult :

Hemoglobin A1

Hemoglobin A2

Hemoglobin F

Hemoglobin s

a.

3% 95% 2% 0%

b.

4% 60% 6% 30%

c.

55 5% 5% 35%

d 50% 46% 4% 0%

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.e.

97% 2% 1% 0%

20. Erythrocyte HMP shunt product that serve as coenzyme for glutathione reductase is

a) ATP

b) NADH

c) NADPH

d)2, 3-6 biphosphoglycerate

e) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

21) Which of the following statements correctly describe 2,3-biphosphoglycerate?

a) stimulating the formation of T from Hb in its low concentration

b) formed from 1,3 biphosphoglycerate by mutase

c) stimulating the formation of methemoglobin

d) inducing the oxidizing agent

e) by product of HMP shunt

22) Some tissue do not require insulinto assimilate glucose, this glucose may bereduced toA)D-xyluloseB)sorbitolC)L-gulonolactoneD)L-ascorbic acidE)Lactate

23. Molecules included in immunoglobulin superfamily share some characteristics as follow except:

A. Mediate antigen binding

B. Mediate antigen recognition

C. Mediate Hematopoiesis process (slide 6 - immunochemistry )

D. Share partial tertiary structural features

E. Share partial amino acid sequence homology

24)

25. Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by activating hormone

A.GlucagonB.AndrogenC.OxytocinD.Growth hormoneE.LH

26. Which of the following statement is correct about the function of constant region of H chain (CH) of the antibody molecules?

a) epitope binding

b) hapten binding & recognizing

c) determining the antibody class

d) contain hypervariable region

e) antigen binding and recognizing

27. which immunoglobulin can cross placental barrier?

A. igA

B. igD

C.igG

D.igE

E.igM

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28) which one of the following immunoglobulin has secrets form and can be found in body secrets

Such as tears and saliva.

a) igAb) igDc) igCd) igEe) igM

29.portion of an antigen that combines with the products of a specific immune response is defined as

A. CDRB. EpitopC. AdjuvantD. ComplementE. Determinant haptenic

30. Which one of the following statements is incorrect describing the function of cytokines

A. Mediators of innate immunity B. Stimulators of hematopoiesis

C. Mediators of adaptive immunity D. Form the membrane attack complex E. Regulators of innate immunity and adaptive immunity

31. the substance can decrease ca2+ absorption at small intestine is...

a. calcitriol

b. calcitonin

c. vitamin D d.PTH

e. ADH

32) The main component of bone are

a) Collagen type 1 and hydroxyapatiteb) Collagen type 2 and hydroxyapatitec) Collagen type 3 and hydroxyapatite

d) Collagen type 4 and hydroxyapatitee) Collagen type 2 and proteoglycan

33. Dynamic storage of calcium in body

A. lung

B. bone

c. brain

D. kidney

E. muscle

34. The marker of bone formation is:

a. Acid phosphate

b. Hydroxyprolin

c. Alkaline phosphate

d. Collagen telopeptide

e. Pyridonoline cross links.

35)

36)

37. the synthesis of acetylcholine needed:

A. cholinacetyltranferase

B. oxygen dehydrogenase

C. cytochrome oxidase

D. katalose

38. the protein isn’t found in skeletal muscle

A. actin

B. myosin

C. troponin

D. calmodulin

E. tropomyosin

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39. Resynthesis ATP for a sprinter at 4-5 seconds first taken from

A) glycolysis aerobic

B) glycolysis anaerobic

C) creatin poshate

D) adenilat kinase synthesis

E) oxdative phoporilation

40. The true statement about skeletal muscle type 2 (fast twitch) is:

A. myosin ATPase is low

B. the colour is red

C. contraction rate is fast

D. duration is prolonged

E. energy utilization is low

41. Which of the following is the wrong statement about water?

a. it has a bipolar structure

b. it has hydrogen bond

c. it is in irregular shape

d. it has 1050 angle

e. there is tetrahedral with hydrogen and its centre

42. The function of water is:A. Non stabilizerB. Poor nucleophileC. The ideal biologic solventD. Distrubed biological functionE. The specific transporting media

43.If the water intake from food and drink 2 L/day, metabolism 0.3 L/day so the amount of eliminated water steady state is:-

a)1.9 L/day

b)2.1 L/day

c)2.2 L/day

d)2.5 L/day

e)3.0 L/day

44. The main cation of plasma is

a) Kb) Nac) Cad) Cae) Mg

45.buffer is keeping the pH constantly in blood ,there are buffer in blood except

a.hemoglobin

b.myoglobin

c.protien plasma

d.phosfet

e.bicarbonat

46.The function of minerals are except :-

A. Cofactor

B. Potential Energy

C. Acid Base Balance

D. Functional Structure

E. Muscle and Nerve Fuction

47. Example of macronutrients

A. Zn

B. Mg

C. Fe

D. Se

E. Mn

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48) the formed storage of Fe in our body is:

a) Hemeb) Transferinc) Cytochromd) Ferritine) Myoglobin

49. The end product of citric acid cycle is :

a. Lactic acid

b. Pyruvic acid

c. Oxalic acid

d. H20 + Co2

50. officially tertinggal. Huwaaaa, sorry T_________T

51. The kidney played a role in intermediately metabolism especially in

a. Glycolysisb. Glycogenesisc. Glycogenolysisd. glycogenesise. Gluconeogenesis

52. The organic constituent of of urine, except: a) Urea b) Uric acid c) Hydrogen phosphate d) Creatinine e) Ketone bodies

53. The hormone was produced by kidneys are:

A. eritropoeitin-calcitrol

B. calcitrol-estradiol

C. calcitrol-glucagons

D. thyrosine-eritropoeitin

E. erythrocyte-epinephrine

54)Laboratory ph 7.8, HCO3 38 mEq/l, H+ 30 mEq/l, C02 42mmHg

Refers to which condition?

a.normal condition

b.respiratory acidosis

c.respiratory alkalosis

d.metabolic acidosis

e.metabolic alkalosis

55. the best compensation for acid base imbalance condition is:

A. respiratory system

B. buffer system (slide 15 & 16 uro)

C. kidney control (slide 17 & 18 uro)

D. hyperdiuratic

E. mouth breathing

56) if there are recurrence of urinary tract infection, we think that the ph of urine is :

A) Acid

B) Base

C) Constant

D) Decreased

E) Normal

57. The most calculi type in base urine is:

A. Calcium phosphate calculusB. Calcium oxalate calculus

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C. Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculusD. Uric calculusE. Cysteine calculus

58) During prolonged starvation, fuel energy should constantly available in the brain, primarily to maintain the membrane potential for the transmission of nerve impulses. The correct statement in accordance with the energy supplier is:

A. Formation of lactic acid through anaerobic glycolysis

B. Fatty acids sharing β-oxidation to produce acetyl CoA

C. Glucose derived from glycogen reserves in the brain that quite a lot via intermediate

D. Conversion of acetone, acetone acetate and β-OH butyrate into the Kreb-cycle

E. Produce glucose from amino acids (wildly available in the brain) via gluconeogenesis

59. To ensure availability of cathecolamine group such as DOPA , Dopamine , epinephrine , norepinephrine and it’s a precursor which can be obtained as?

a. proline

b. tyrosine

c. tryptophan

d. alanine

e. phenylalanine

60.A 65 years old man presents with trouble walking in stable gait and a tremor of his hands at rest. Physical examination reveals he have a “masklike”(flat) and a “pill rolling” tremor at rest and increased muscular log wheel rigidity .Based on this condition we conclude that he sets Parkinson’s/ huntinstons’s disease. Drug as least likely to useful in reversing signs and symptoms of patient...

a)serotine

b)dopamine

c)levodopa

d)choline esterase inhibitor

e)monoamine oxidase activator

61. Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain

A)Glutamate B)Acetylcholine C)y-aminobutyric acid D) Dopamine E)Norepinephrine

62.A student was diagnosed with depression are characterised by clinical symptoms of sadness,often melancholy,lack of interest in activities,eating and sleeping disorders,often alone.Provided pharmacotherapy aimed at keeping the levels of neurotransmitters associated with mood improvement so as to evoke the spirit of life.One type of drugs that can be given is inhibitor of neurotransmitters degrading enzyme.The precursor of neurotransmitter described above is

A.Glycine

B.Glutamate

C.Tryptophan

D.Alanine

E.Phenylalanine

63) Which one of the following enzyme is inhibited by the drug..

A) asetilkolinesterase

B)choline acetyl transferase

C) monoamine oxidase

D)tyrosine monooksigenase

E) aromiatik L-amino acid decarboxylase

64) A 39 years old woman present with drooping eyelid(pitosis) &double vision (diplopia). Physical examination reveals that she repeatedly contract

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her eyelid, she is soon unable to keep her eyes open. The synaptic vesicles located in axon (presynaptic) terminal of the neuromuscular junction contain :A.acetylcholineB.dopamineC.epinephrineD.GABAE.glycine

65 ) an anticholinesterase, such as neostigmine, will cause which one of the following effect at neuromuscular junction?

a.decrease acethycoline stores in presypnatic terminal.

b.decrease size end plate potential.

c.increase release of acethycoline from ana axon terminal.

d.prolonged effect of acetycoline at muscle end plate.

e.total blockage at neuromuscular transmission.

66. Fuel energy use by sperm to move is:

a. Glucose

b. Fructose

c. Galactose

d. Fatty Acid

e. Amino acid

67? Which substances in cement will cause uterine contraction?Prostaglandin

68. True statements related to vaginal cervical fluid:

1. Acidic pH due to lactic acid2. Cervical mucus production decrease during

menopause3. produced by bertolin’s gland4. cervical mucus more sticky during fertile :

Answer: E. All true69. A statement is true about sex hormones :

a. estrogen and progesterones receptors is at surface of cell membrane

b. cholesterol is a precursor of FSH and LH

C. estrogen is formed from male sex hormones

d. human sex hormones occurs in testis and ovaries

e. erection occurs through activation adenylate cyclase by nitric oxide

70) In animal experiment, removal of ovaries in early pregnancy lead to abortion. A steroid molecule was found after isolation of chemical compound from ovary. This molecule is

a) oestrone

b) E2 estradiol

c) 17 B-estradiol

d) progesterone

e) androstenedione

71) Energetic of glycolisis: the aerobic pathway yields…

a) 129 mol ATP/mol glucose

b) 60 mol ATP/mol glucose

c) 40 mol ATP/mol glucose

d) 15 mol ATP /mol glucose

e) 2 mol ATP/mol glucose

72)When neutrophil engulf bacteia,they exhibit arapid increase in O2 consumption known as

A)reactive O2 speciesB)oxidative phosphorylationC)aerobic glycolysisD)respiratory burstE)β-oxidation

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73. In diebetic, this reduced molecule from glucose are found with high concentration in:

A. Brush border cell intestinum

B. Lumen intestinal

C. Lens epithelium

D. Gastric mucosa

E. Adipose Tissue

p/s-x dapt cri..huhu…maaappp..mungkin jwapan c kot..

74)

75. Best describe CDR of activating molecules

A.Antogenic determinantB.Constant region of L chainC.Constant region of H chainD.Forming antigen binding siteE.Synonym at term hinge region76. The second messenger for hormone insulin is:

a) cAMP

b) tyrosine kinase

c) serine kinase

d) cGMP

e) diacylglycerol

77.insulin affect cells by...

A. increase cAMP

B. decrease inositol triphosphate

C. deactivating serine kinase

D. increase thyrosine kinase

E. increase glucagon synthase

78) ketone bodies are produced when excessive amount of fatty acid are mobilized and glucose low during?

a) Fastingb) Aerobic(once a week)c) Starvationd) Diet low caloriese) Duresis

79.ketones body are secreted into a blood plasma as a source of an energy.

A. PancreasB. Liver C. OvariumD. TestisE. brain

80. Glycolysis, pentose phosphate and fatty acids pathway are all found in:

A. Inner membrane mitochondria

B. Matrix mitochondria

C. Cytosol

D. Endoplasmic reticulum

E. Lysosome

81. The membrane of reticulum endoplasmic contain the enzyme for.

a.acyglycerol synthesis

b. glycogenesis

c. gluconeogenesisd. lactate formation

e. pyruvate formation

82) The precursor for the synthesis of long chain fatty acid such as cholesterol also ketone bodies is:

a) Lactoseb) Acetoacetatec) Succinated) Acetyl coAe) Malonate

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83. common end metabolic of 3 macromolecules that enter kreb’s cycle

A.lactate

B. acetoacetate

c. succinate

d. acetyl-coa

e. malorate

84. Glycolisis is regulated by three enzymes catalyzing non-equilibrium reaction, one of those enzymes Is :

a. Pyruvate kinase

b. Phosphorylase

c. Glutamate dehydrogenase

d. ATP kinase

e. Na-K-ATPase

85)

86)

87. telomerase enzyme is composed of:

A. Only DNAB. RNA primerC. RNA and proteinD. Packaged into a T-loopE. Protein and fat

88. most abundant free radical in human body

A. hydrogen

B. oxygen

C. Hydrogen peroxide

D. super oxide

E. triple oxygen

89. hysilogical stimulus tat form free radical is, except:

A) superoxide

B) Ultraviolet

C) hydrogen peroxide

D) hyperchlorus acid

E) nitric acid

90. The steps involves in gas exchange by respiratory are:

A. ventilation

B. perfusion

C. diffusion

D.A & B true

E. A,B & C true

91. pO2 :

a. O2 arterial tension

b. O2 tension in blood

c. O2 tension at mixed venous

d. alveolus tension

e. arterial capacities

92. Diffusion process in respiratory system are:A. Cross the alveolar capillary membraneB. A cross the bronchial oxygenC. Exchange gases in alveolarD. movement of H2air in lungE. The respiratory rate moveme

93.Handerson Hasselbach stated that it is acidosis if:-

a)fall pCO2 and rise HCO3-

b)rise pCO2 and fall HCO3-

c)rise pCO2 and fall pH

d)fall pH and rise pCO2

e)rise pCO2 and rise pH

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94. Diabetic Mellitus terminal stages for the acid based balance is:

a) Metabolic alkalosisb) Metabolic acidosisc) Respiratory disturbanced) Ketoacidosise) Respiratory acidosis

95.water & electrolyte homeostasis are regulated by:

a.skin

b.brain

c.liver

d.heart

e.kidney

96. Renal compensation for the respiratory acidosis is:-

A. Increasing reabsorbtion HCO3-

B. Reducing HCO3- production

C. Reducing HCO3- reabsorption

D. Reducing H+ secretion

E. Increasing H+ reabsorption

97. The storages of glucose, tryglycerides and glucagon is promotes by

A. Glucagon

B. Cortisol

C. Epinephrine

D. Norepinephrine

E. Glycogen

98) glycogen produced in liver from the non carbohydrate is the process:

a) Glycogenesisb) Glicogeolysisc) Glycolysisd) Glucogenogenesise) Citric cycle

99. The wrong statement about mineral is:

a. Its absorption at small intestine

b. Its regulation by kidney

c. Its essential nutrients

d. It is not changed by digestion and metabolism

100.ATP increase production in muscle by glycolysis process promoted by

a)insulin

b)glucagon

c)ACTH

d)adrogenic hormone