Who are these people who lived in the British Colonies?

American HistoryCH3- British Colonies

Mrs. Cady

John Smith1580-1631, English colonist who traveled to the Americas in 1606 and who helped establish the Jamestown Colony in 1607, which was the first permanent English settlement. When exploring, he was captured by the Powhatan Tribe, but his life was spared, he believes, because the chief’s daughter, Pocahontas, pleaded for his life. He encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing. P. 73

John Rolfe1585-1622, Jamestown colonist; He arrived in Jamestown in 1610. His wife died of disease shortly after he arrived in Virginia. His greatest accomplishment was introducing new type of tobacco , which sold well in England, that could be grown in the new world. He married Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, in 1614. P73

Pocahontas1595-1617, American Indian princess, she saved the life of John Smith when he was captured and sentenced to death the Powhatan. She was later taken prisoner by the English, converted to Christianity, and married colonist John Rolfe. P73

Powhatan ConfederacyA group of Native North Americans. Their area embraced most of tidewater Virginia and the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay. Wahunsonacock, or Powhatan, as the English called him, was the leader of the confederacy when Jamestown was settled in 1607. P73

Chief Powhatan

Lord Baltimore I

Sir George and his son Cecil were British subjects rewarded with land in the new world. George was a Secretary of State to King James I. He was at first rewarded with a title to land in Newfoundland. He later asked James I's son, Charles I, for title to land north of Virginia that would become Maryland. This land was not signed over until after his death and was given to his son Cecil. The Calverts were Roman Catholic, a religion which most inhabitants of the New World were prejudiced against. P75

Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Sir Cecil Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore

James Oglethorpe1696-1785, a British general, member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia. As a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtor’s prisons in the New World. P76

PilgrimsSeparatist group who left England in the early 1600s to escape persecution. They went to the calm and tolerant Netherlands in 1608. They were worried about losing their cultural identity in Netherlands, so they made an arrangement with English investors to establish a new colony in North America (2nd successful English settlement—Plymouth, Massachusetts.)P78

PuritansProtestant group who wanted to purify, or reform the Anglican Church. They were blocked from changing the system of the church within England, so they preached in other countries (Netherlands, Ireland, Whales). They came to New England in 1620s as a part of the Great Migration. P78

Squanto?-1622, Pawtuxet Indian who was captured and enslaved in Spain but later escaped to England and then America. He taught the Pilgrims native farming methods and helped them establish relations with the Wampanoag, the Indians at the feast later known as Thanksgiving. Pg. 79

John Winthrop1587-1649, wealthy English Puritan lawyer; leading figure in founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony He led a fleet of Puritan colonists from England in 1630; served as governor. Pg. 80

Thomas Hooker1586-1647, Puritan colonial leader; founded of Colony of Connecticut after disagreeing with leaders in Massachusetts. Leader of Christian rights. P82

Anne Hutchinson1591-1643, Puritan leader who angered other Puritans by claiming that people’s relationship with God did not need guidance from ministers. Banished from MA colony; later establish Portsmouth in Rhode Island. Pg. 82

Roger Williams1603-1683, English Protestant theologian who was an advocate for religious freedom and the separation of church and state. 1636, started the colony of Providence Plantation, refuge for religious minorities; started first Baptist Church. P82

Peter Stuyvesant1610-1672, Director General of the Dutch New Netherland colony, he was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English. Settled New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City). The English renamed the state New York. Pg. 85

William Penn1644-1718, Quaker leader who founded colony in PA. Colony was a good example of representative self-government and became model of freedom and tolerance. Known for his good relations with Lenape Indians. He planned and developed the city of Philadelphia. Pg. 86

QuakersReligious society of Friends; Christian movement, beginning in the mid 1600s, in which people called ‘Friends’ believe that every Christian believer has the right to preach what they believe. They emphasized a personal experience with Christ, informed by the Bible. P86

King James II1633-1701, King of England. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over Great Britain. He had strong opinions and aimed to take more control of the English government. He believed that colonies were too independent, unified them into Dominion of New England, and named a royal governor. Most were unhappy with him, there was a rebellion in England, and James was replaced in 1689. P91

Jonathan Edwards1703-1758, Influential revivalist leader in Great Awakening religious movement, he delivered dramatic sermons on the choice between salvation and damnation. Pg. 94

George Whitefield1714-1770, English Anglican priest who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain and New England. Co-founded Methodist Church. He traveled through colonies speaking about religion to large crowds. P95

John Locke1632-1704, Father of liberalism; philosopher and thinker about consciousness and self in the Enlightenment. P95

King Philip1639-1676, Native American war chief named Metacom (known to English as King Philip). He led Native American uprising, with the help of the French, against the English (called French and Indian War). P95

Chief Pontiac1720-1769, Ottawa chief who united Great Lakes Indians to try to halt the advance of European settlements. He attacked British forts in Pontiac’s Rebellion, lost, surrendered in 1766. Pg. 97

Patrick Henry1736-1799, speaker and politician who led the movement for independence in Virginia in the 1770s. He led the opposition to the Stamp Act in 1765 and is remembered for saying, “Give me Liberty or give me Death.” He was a Founding Father, and served as a post-colonial governor of Virginia. P100

Sons of Liberty

A political group, led by Samuel Adams, made up of colonists (later called American patriots) that formed to protect the rights of colonists from the British government. They led the Boston Tea Party of 1773, which led directly to the American Revolutionary War in 1775. P100

Daughters of Liberty

A political group of colonist women who showed their patriotism by boycotting British goods after the Townshend Act was passed. They made goods out of cloth and sold them to colonists so colonists could be less dependent of British goods. P100