why chemistry, why again?
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Why chemistry, why again?. You are made up of biomolecules! Your biomolecules are built from food you eat Your body breaks them down and rearranges them to give you: Energy and Building blocks for proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA). You are what you eat!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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You are made up of biomolecules! Your biomolecules are built from food you eat Your body breaks them down and rearranges
them to give you:Energy and
Building blocks for proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and
Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
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Carbohydrates (sugar and starch) Protein Lipids – (fats, oils, cholesterol) Vitamins Minerals (Ca, PO4
-2, Se, Fe, Ni, Zn, etc)
H2O
and Energy (stored in chemical bonds)
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elemenelementt
CarbohydrateCarbohydrate LipidsLipids Protein Protein Nucleic Nucleic acidsacids
CC
HH
OO
NN
PP **
SS ****
* phospholipids** some proteins
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• Protons• Electrons• Neutrons
• Protons• Electrons• Neutrons
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• What are they?
• How do I figure out how many an atom has?
• How do I figure out how many an ion has?
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Intermolecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces
Molecular Forces
Dispersion Forces Hydrogen
Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
DipoleForces
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Ionic
Covalent
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Nonpolar Covalent bonds – equal sharing
0.0 < Electronegativity difference ≤ 0.4
Polar Covalent Bond – unequal sharing
0.4 < Electronegativity difference < 1.5
Line becomes arrow from positive to negative
Insulin
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Molecular Polarity
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CH4
CO2
NH3
H2O
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Inter molecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces
Molecular Forces
Dispersion Forces
Hydrogen Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
DipoleForces
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Bond typeRelative Strength
Covalent 400x
Hydrogen bonds 10x
Dispersion Forces
<1x
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Weakest intermolecular force
Caused by the motion of electrons
More electrons per molecule, more attraction between molecules; i.e. halogens
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e.g. bromine is a liquid, whereas iodine is a solid at STP
Electrons momentarily gang up on one side of the molecule
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Strongest of the intermolecular forces
Only molecules with hydrogen in them
BIG role in living organisms!!!
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Hydrogen Bonds
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H2O What’s the H, what’s the O? Why the 2? Hydrogen Bonding – a big deal!
solubility (water is the universal solvent)
cohesion adhesion heat retention
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Solubility Capillary Action Heat of Vaporization Heat of Fusion Surface Tension Density Differences
Solubility Capillary Action Heat of Vaporization Heat of Fusion Surface Tension Density Differences
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Life’s necessity
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Paper Towels and Redwood Trees
425 ft
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Intermolecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces
Molecular Forces
Dispersion Forces
Hydrogen Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
DipoleForces