why countries offer development assistance?. the latin american experience. carmen robledo school of...
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WHY COUNTRIES OFFER DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE?.
The Latin American experience.
CARMEN ROBLEDO School of Politics and International RelationsResearch School of Social Science – [email protected]
14 February 2014
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TOTAL ODA
2
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
Net
OD
A -
Con
stan
t 2
01
1 U
SD
b
illio
n
Source: DAC-OECD
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
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SHARE OF WORLD’S POOR
3
Source: Gertz and Chandy (2011, Brookings Institution)
World Bank data
73.5%
26.5%
2005
34.1%
65.9%
2010
g Low-income countries g Middle-income countries
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
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OUTLINEI. Background.
II. Typology of ODA based on motivations.
III. Emerging donors development assistance policies: the Latin American experience.
• Origins of development cooperation• Donors• Drivers of development cooperation policies• Latin American south-south cooperation in practice
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TYPOLOGY OF ODA BY DONORS’ MOTIVATIONS
a. Political – diplomatic
b. Military – security
c. Humanitarian
d. Altruist or developmental
e. Economic – commercial
f. Cultural
g. Prestige
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NEW DONORS… SAME OLD PRACTICES?
Are development assistance policies of emerging donors driven by similar motivations as those of traditional
donors?
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GLOBAL ODA SHARE
7
Source: Park (2011, Brookings Institution)
2%
98%
199512%
88%
2008
20%
80%
2020
g Traditional (DAC) donors g New donors (ODA-like flows)
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
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ORIGINS DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA
• CEPAL school of thought
• ISI model
• Shared history and cultural heritage
• Joint front against foreign intervention
• Challenge US hegemony
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LATIN AMERICAN DONORS
9
• Cuba• Venezuela• Colombia• Chile• Brazil• Mexico
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LA DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION DRIVERS
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
a. Promote regional integration
b. Preserve regional autonomy
c. Self – reaffirmation
d. Consolidate regional and global leadership
e. Achieve self-sufficiency
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LA DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION DRIVERS
f. Obtain non-alignment
g. Protect national sovereignty
h. Promote regional solidarity
i. Leverage in international negotiations
j. Self – legitimisation
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LATIN AMERICAN SSC IN PRACTICE
• Limited participation of non-government actors.
• Mixed positions related on adhering to DAC guidelines.
• Behaviour and language
• Modalities
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FINAL REMARKS• Development assistance has became an instrument
to pursuit objectives unique to emerging donors.
• Latin America’s SSC displays common traits to emerging donors in other regions.
• Better understanding of new donors can only be beneficial for better dialogue and engagement among all parts involved in the aid regime.
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WHY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES OFFER DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE?.
The Latin American experience.
CARMEN ROBLEDO School of Politics and International RelationsResearch School of Social Science – [email protected]
14 February 2014