wifi-nano: reclaiming wifi efficiency through 800 …...eugenio magistretti † * krishna kant...
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Eugenio Magistretti † Krishna Kant Chintalapudi *
Božidar Radunović # Ramachandran Ramjee *
WiFi-Nano: ReclaimingWiFi Efficiency through
800 ns Slots
† Rice University * Microsoft Research India
# Microsoft Research Cambridge
Problem Overview[M
bps]
~55 Mbps
§ 802.11 data-rates have increased from 1 Mbpsto 1 Gbps
§ Throughput performance has not seen acommensurate increase
1997802.11
1999802.11a/b
2003802.11g
2009802.11n
2012802.11ac/ad
Contribution
WiFi-Nano increases 802.11throughput up to 100%
Why Throughput << Data-rate?
DIFS
MediumAccess101.5µs
Preamble20µs 224µs
Data
SIFS
ACK
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
405.5 µs
44µs54 Mbps
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0225.5 µs
300 Mbps
MediumAccess101.5µs
Preamble32µs 40µs
Data
SIFS
ACK36µs
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0221.5 µs
600 Mbps
MediumAccess101.5µs
Preamble40µs 20µs
Data
SIFS
ACK44µs
DIFS
DIFS
Why Throughput << Data-rate?
DIFS
MediumAccess101.5µs
Preamble20µs 224µs
Data
SIFS
ACK
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
405.5 µs
60µs54 Mbps
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0225.5 µs
300 Mbps
MediumAccess101.5µs
Preamble32µs 40µs
Data
SIFS
ACK52µs
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0221.5 µs
600 Mbps
MediumAccess101.5µs
Preamble40µs 20µs
Data
SIFS
ACK60µs
Overhead ~45%
Overhead ~82%
Overhead ~91%
802.11 overhead does not scale with data-rate
Preambles 40%
ACK 2%
Motivation
Single Link Case
Overhead ComponentsSIFS 16%
Slot Duration 42%
Communications OverheadCannot be removed!
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MediumAccess101.5µs
Preamble40µs 20µs
Data
SIFSDIFS
Preamble+ACK44µs
Motivation
Preambles 34%
ACK 2%
Overhead ComponentsSIFS 14%
Slot Duration 23%
Multiple Links Case (30)
Collisions 27%Collisions 27%
Objective
§ Reduce slot duration
q and reduce the occurrence of collisionsq … while preserving fairness
§ Remove SIFS
Collisions 27%Collisions 27%
Slot Duration 23%
SIFS 14%
Preambles 34%
ACK 2%
Challenge: Slot Duration
§ 802.11a/n slot duration of 9 µs is close to theminimum feasible
PropagaDon
û4 µs
A0
B1
802.11 Slot
Clear ChannelAssessment (CCA)
PropagaDon Clear ChannelAssessment (CCA)
Rx/Tx HardwareTurnaroundü
4 µs 4 µs
A3
B1
0
Key assumption: Preamble detection and transmission are serial
Preamble detection and transmission occur in parallel
Speculative Preambles
Clear Channel Assessment may take multiple slots
The slot time can be reduced to a round-trip propagation delay
Slot Time (800 ns)
Preamble
Preamble
01
2 1 0
Preamble
3 2 1 0
Node C
Node B
Node A
û
û
Speculative Preambles
1. As soon as the backoffexpires, a node transmits itspreamble
2. CCA: A node transmitting apreamble continues toattempt to detect incomingpreambles
3. A node aborts itstransmission if it detects apreceding preamble
Slot Time (800 ns)
Medium Access time decreases from 101.5 µs to 7.6 µs
WiFi-Nano Design
§ Slot Time Duration
§ Collisions
§ Fairness
§ SIFS
§ Speculative Preambles
Objectives Techniques
ü
§ Speculative ACKs
§ Counter Roll-back
§ Minimum Slot Size
§ Probabilistic CollisionResolution
Implementation§ Detect preambles and their starting time under
interference
§ Simultaneously transmit and detect preambles
LatticeCorrelator
[PN1, PN2,PN3]PN1
PN2
PN3
Δ[PN1]
[PN2]
[PN3]
+[PN1,PN2]
++
[PN2,PN3]
Δ
Δ
Δ
Δ
QHNoise Canceller
Analog Radio Front-end
Rx TxAnalog Self-InterferenceCanceller
§ Interference may require longer preambles
Results
§ Experimentsq Reliability of Preamble
Detection
q Efficiency Gain and Analysis
q Fairness
Lyrtech Qualnet
Preamble Detection
Can nodes Can nodes reliably detect preamblesreliably detect preambles despite self-interference? despite self-interference?
Slightly longer preambles permit to maintain reliability
Efficiency
Efficiency f(data rate, #nodes)
WiFi-Nano increases the throughput up to 100%
Efficiency
Efficiency f(data rate, slot time)
.11a/n.11b
WiFi-Nano
WiFi-Nano increases the throughput up to 100%
How to Achieve More?
q Small packets (TPC ACKs)q Short flows (HTTP)q Delay sensitive applications (TPC, VoIP)
Frame Aggregation
§ Works only for single-link bulk downloads§ Practically difficult to achieve
Frame Aggregation
At 18 kB, WiFi-Nano gains 25% over 802.11 at 600 Mbps
§ Practically difficult to achieve§ Related work reports 18 kB as average aggregation
Summary
§ WiFi-Nano permits toq Reduce the slot time to 800 nsq Reduce the occurrence of collisions to nearly 0q Remove SIFS
802.11 overhead can be > 90%
WiFi-Nano increases 802.11throughput up to 100%
Q&A
Eugenio Magistretti † Krishna Kant Chintalapudi *
Božidar Radunović # Ramachandran Ramjee *
† Rice University * Microsoft Research India
# Microsoft Research Cambridge
WiFi-Nano: Reclaiming WiFiEfficiency through 800 ns Slots