wildlife enhancement plan 2014–2019 - city of subiaco · executive summary the wildlife...

Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2014–2019

www.subiaco.wa.gov.au

Goal statement

The Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2014–2019 aims to support increased biodiversity and the conservation of native fauna and

fauna habitat within the local environment.

The City of Subiaco is committed to protecting the global environment through local action. By printing this publication on Australian made 100 per cent recycled paper, the city aims to conserve the resources of the city. The document is available via the Internet at www.subiaco.wa.gov.au

Acknowledgements

The city would like to thank Danielle Bowler from the City of Joondalup, Tamara Kabat from Bird Life Australia, Mathew Swan from

the Department of Parks and Wildlife and Jake Tanner from the City of Fremantle for assisting with the development of this plan.

C ity of SubiaCo 2014 – 2019 Wildlife enhanCement plan | 3

table of contents

Table of contents

executive summary 4

Key definitions 5

introduction 6

Wildlife conservation and enhancement 7Parks, reserves and street trees 7

Wetlands 7

Greenways and remnant bushland areas 8

Aboriginal cultural significance 8

Community education 8

management of identified risks 10Climate change 10

Feral animals 10

Domestic animals 10

Plant pathogens 10

Resources and useful links 11

References 12

appendix a: fauna list 13

Phot

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4 | City of SubiaCo 2014 – 2019 Wildlife enhanCement plan

executive summary

Executive summary

The Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2014–2019 aims to support increased biodiversity and the conservation of native fauna and fauna

habitat within the city’s local environment. The plan includes actions to enhance wildlife conservation, as well as provide education

and participation opportunities for the community.

This plan is an action required under the city’s Environment Enhancement Plan 2012–2016, and is informed by the Strategic

Community Plan and Corporate Business Plan.

The major opportunities within the city for wildlife conservation and enhancement exist within the urban forest, which includes

the city’s extensive network of street trees, parks and reserves, green corridors, private gardens, wetlands and remnant bushland.

The urban forest also provides regional linkages with more substantial habitat areas in the surrounding western suburbs, such as

Kings Park and Bold Park. The key risks to native fauna and fauna habitat in the city identified in this plan include climate change,

feral and domestic animals, and plant pathogens. Each of these risks has been described and management actions proposed to

minimise their impact.

Recommended management actions:

Ref actions 2014–15 2015–16 2016 –17 2017–18

1Develop a management process for retaining senescent habitat trees in public open space. Where retention is not suitable, retain tree hollows and logs for re-use within the city’s natural areas

2Continue best practice management and enhancement of the urban forest including the increase of canopy cover

3Conserve existing and develop new areas of fauna habitat within parks and reserves

4Provide constructed habitat features such as nest boxes and insect hotels and monitor use

5 Develop processes for dealing with sick or injured wildlife

6Develop education programs and signage on appropriate interactions with wildlife

7 Improve wildlife crossing signage at known high-risk locations

8 Manage invasive weeds and algal blooms in wetland areas

9Improve the habitat quality of wetlands by at source management of nutrients and pollutants, and litter removal

10 Develop and improve connectivity of regional and local greenways

11Continue to implemement the JH Abrahams Bushland Management Plan 2012–2016

12Provide cultural interpretive wildlife signage and artwork at appropriate locations

13Provide information on the city’s website on issues related to local wildlife, including management practices and contact organisations

14Continue to partner with universities and offer student scholarships for native fauna research projects

15Work with local community groups, businesses, residents and schools on fauna habitat enhancement projects where possible


Key definitions

biodiversity (biological diversity): Life and its processes, including the variety

of living organisms, genetic differences among them, and the communities and

ecosystems in which they occur.

fauna: The animals of a region or area considered as a whole, including

domestic animals.

feral animal: Non-native fauna that has been released into the wild or

escaped domestication and established a self-sustaining population that cannot

be easily controlled.

habitat: The natural or constructed home or environment of an animal or plant.

native fauna: The native animals of a region or area considered as a whole.

plant pathogen: Organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes

that cause plant diseases.

urban forest: The trees and shrubs on all public and private land in urban

areas, including street trees, parks and reserves, green corridors, wetlands and

remnant bushland.

Wildlife: Wild animals collectively; the native fauna of a region.

executive summary and Key definitions

Ref actions 2014–15 2015–16 2016 –17 2017–18

16Develop education materials and work with developers to aid in the uptake of native fauna habitat features for new developments and existing private property

17Coordinate implementation of initiatives with government and non-government wildlife organisations, and surrounding landholders, where necessary to strengthen the delivery of actions outlined in this plan

18Enhance available habitat through the creation of innovative areas of green open space such as vertical gardens and green roof tops where viable and practicable

19 Continue implementation of the city’s Local Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan 2013–2017

20 Support the WESROC feral species management program including promotion of the feral animal sighting form and associated register

21 Review ‘dog off leash’ classification of parks and reserves and determine whether amendments are required to protect native fauna

22 Improve signage and management of ‘dog off leash’ areas to protect native fauna

23 Implement the Cat Act 2011 to better manage the impact of cats on the natural environment

24 Develop and implement the city’s Plant Pathogen Management Plan to prevent further loss of fauna habitat

Photo courtesy of Margaret Owen


Introduction

The City of Subiaco (they city) is home to a variety of terrestrial (land) and aquatic (water) fauna including native species that are

listed as endangered or vulnerable to extinction. Preserving a diversity of native fauna is essential to ensure healthy ecosystem

function and maintain a region’s biodiversity.

Prior to European settlement the city consisted primarily of Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) and Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)

forest interspersed with Banksia woodland and wetland habitats, however, today no significant natural areas remain within the city.

Fauna habitat within the city is provided by the urban forest, which includes street trees, parks, green corridors, private gardens,

two wetlands and two fragments of remnant bushland. Fauna in Subiaco is supported regionally by significant areas of bushland

in the surrounding western suburbs, including Bold Park, Kings Park and Swanbourne Bushland. The city’s Lake Mabel Talbot

and Lake Jualbup are part of a continuous chain of remaining wetland habitats in the region that include Lake Monger, Perry

Lakes, Lake Claremont and the Swan River foreshore.

The urban forest supports a diverse range of wildlife. Terrestrial fauna include the brushtail possum, as well as less common

species such as the carnaby’s cockatoo, forest red-tailed black cockatoo and micro bats. The bushland areas are also home to

feral species including foxes and rabbits which threaten native fauna and their habitat. The city’s wetlands and riverine areas

are used by migratory birds such as rainbow bee eaters and red-necked stints on a seasonal basis.

The city has a role to play to ensure that local habitat areas are closely linked, accessible and capable of supporting native

fauna associated with the region.

The Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2014–2019 aims to support increased biodiversity and the conservation of native fauna and

fauna habitat within the city. The plan outlines actions to enhance wildlife conservation, as well as provide education and

participation opportunities for the community.

Actions are supported by a number of specific projects detailed in an internal operations document and implemented through

departmental annual business plans. Progress of actions outlined in this plan will be reviewed on a six monthly basis and

reported to the city’s executive leadership team. The city’s target is to achieve 80 per cent or more of the actions scheduled in

each financial year. Highlights of achievements will be included in the City of Subiaco’s Annual Report. The plan will be reviewed

and revised as necessary at the end of the four-year implementation period.

introduction


parks, reserves and street trees

The city manages over 78 hectares of public parks, gardens and reserves, and approximately 15,000 trees. This provides a

significant volume of habitat suitable for native fauna. Many fauna species have adapted to the urban environment and are

known to reside, feed and breed within the city.

Action 1: Develop a management process for retaining senescent habitat trees in public open space.

Where retention is not suitable, retain tree hollows and logs for re-use within the city’s natural areas

Action 2: Continue best practice management and enhancement of the urban forest including the increase of canopy cover

Action 3: Conserve existing and develop new areas of fauna habitat within parks and reserves

Action 4: Provide constructed habitat features such as nest boxes and insect hotels and monitor use

Wetlands

The city has two parks which contain wetlands; Mabel Talbot Park and Lake Jualbup. The wetlands and surrounding

habitat including trees and understory plants support long-necked turtles and a range of native birds, frogs, fish and

macro-invertebrates, the latter of which are considered to represent stable and functioning ecosystems.

mabel talbot park, Jolimont

A total of twenty-one land-based and twenty-five aquatic bird species, three frog species and thirty-two aquatic

macro-invertebrates have been recorded in the park (WRM, 2002; Ecoscape 2003; Hanson, 2011; Lootz, 2012). The population

of long-necked turtles has been estimated to be between thirty-four and fifty-five (Bencini and Turnbull, 2012).

The natural drying cycle of the wetland assists in the control of mosquitoes, midges and algal blooms. The drying cycle also plays

a role in maintaining natural breeding and migration patterns.

lake Jualbup, Shenton park

Similar to Lake Mabel Talbot, this wetland supports a number of water bird species, and is of importance for water bird breeding

(Native Environmental Systems, 1999; Hanson, 2011). Water bird species diversity was considered to be high, while the overall

number of birds was similar to other wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain (WRM, 2013).

The park provides habitat for five species of frogs which is similar, if not slightly higher, to other wetlands on the Swan Coastal

Plain (WRM, 2013).

The long-necked turtle population at Lake Jualbup was estimated to once be 621 individuals (Guyot and Kuchling, 1998).

Between 2002 and 2004 approximately 500 turtles were relocated to other permanent lakes on the Swan Coastal Plain.

In 2005 eighty-nine individuals were captured and from 2011 to 2012 a total of thirty-five individuals were caught (Tysoe, 2005;

Hamada, 2011). The population size is now likely to be larger than thirty-six (WRM, 2013).

Three species of feral fish are present in the lake, including the mosquito fish, swordtail and goldfish. Seventy-three

macro-invertebrate species have been recorded (WRM, 2013).

Action 5: Develop processes for dealing with sick or injured wildlife

Action 6: Develop education programs and signage on appropriate interactions with wildlife

Action 7: Improve wildlife crossing signage at known high-risk locations

Action 8: Manage invasive weeds and algal blooms in wetland areas

Action 9: Improve the habitat quality of wetlands by at source management of nutrients and pollutants, and litter removal

Wildlife conservation and enhancement



Greenways and remnant bushland areas

Extensive clearing of the Swan Coastal Plain has resulted in substantial biodiversity and habitat loss. The city has two small

areas of remnant bushland located at JH Abrahams Reserve (part of Pelican Point Bush Forever Site 402) and Jolimont Primary

School, and shares a two kilometre border with Kings Park. It is critical to preserve the remaining fragments of remnant habitat

cross the region, and create linkages between these areas to support the movement of wildlife across the landscape. In this way,

greenways also function as wildlife corridors (Figure 1).

Action 10: Develop and improve connectivity of regional and local greenways

Action 11: Continue to implement the JH Abrahams Bushland Management Plan 2012–2016

aboriginal cultural significance

Prior to European settlement, Aboriginal land management practices ensured plentiful wildlife and plant foods throughout the

year (Gammage, 2011; Hancock, 2013). The city has Aboriginal interpretive signage at Mabel Talbot Reserve, JH Abrahams

Reserve and Jolimont bushland to recognise the importance of these sites as historical hunting grounds.

Action 12: Provide cultural interpretive wildlife signage and artwork at appropriate locations

Community education

It is important to keep the community informed and engaged in matters relating to the conservation of native fauna and fauna

habitat within the city. Private property forms the largest area of land within the city, and the community can play an important

role in the success of actions contained within this plan. The city is unique in that the diverse range of wildlife is within its urban

area for everyone to experience and enjoy. Fostering a connection with nature is vital for individuals to develop an appreciation

of wildlife and the natural environment.

Action 13: Provide information on the city’s website on issues related to local wildlife, including management practices

and contact organisations

Action 14: Continue to partner with universities and offer student scholarships for native fauna research projects

Action 15: Work with local community groups, businesses, residents and schools on fauna habitat enhancement projects

where possible

Action 16: Develop education materials and work with developers to aid in the uptake of native fauna habitat features for

new developments and existing private property

Action 17: Coordinate implementation of initiatives with government and non-government wildlife organisations, and

surrounding landholders




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River Foreshore Link

Fremantle – Perth Railway Link

River Foreshore Link

Parks

Regional Greenways

Local Greenways

Green ContributionsOutside priority Greenways

External Links

Significant Tree Avenues

City of Subiaco boundary

Railway Pde

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figure 1: Local and regional greenways in the city are priority areas for revegetation to function as wildlife corridors.


management of identified risKs

Climate change

The impact of climate change on the natural environment is expected to be a substantial threat to native fauna. The anticipated

increased temperatures and reduced rainfall, combined with extreme weather events, will impact the habitats and food sources

of many animals. Extreme weather is also likely to result in physical impacts such as loss of habitat trees and mortality of native

fauna through trauma.

Action 18: Enhance available habitat through the creation of innovative areas of green open space such as vertical gardens

and green roof tops where viable and practicable

Action 19: Continue implementation of the city’s Local Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan 2013–2017

feral animals

The city is home to a variety of feral species such as foxes, rabbits, rainbow lorikeets, mosquito fish and others which impact

native wildlife through habitat destruction, competition for resources and food, or predation. The city works with the Western

Suburbs Regional Organisation of Councils (WESROC) to implement a cross-boundary approach and ensure effective control of

feral species.

Action 20: Support the WESROC feral species management program including promotion of the feral animal sighting

form and associated register

domestic animals

Domestic cats and dogs also threaten native fauna by causing stress through chasing, disturbing nests and predation.

Action 21: Review ‘dog off leash’ classification of parks and reserves and determine whether amendments are required

to protect native fauna

Action 22: Improve signage and management of ‘dog off leash’ areas to protect native fauna

Action 23: Implement the Cat Act 2011 to better manage the impact of cats on the natural environment

plant pathogens

Dieback from the spread of plant disease Phytophthora in Western Australia is recognised as a disaster of national significance

due to its devastating impact on native ecosystem structure and function (DoE, 2014). Other pathogens affecting tree health

locally include Honey Fungus (Armillaria luteobubalina) and Canker disease (Quambalaria sp. and Botryosphaeria sp.) and

Sphaeropsis Blight (Sphaeropsis sapinea). Collapse of vegetation structures reduces the number and diversity of native fauna

able to be supported.

Action 24: Develop and implement the city’s Plant Pathogen Management Plan to prevent further loss of fauna habitat

Management of identified risks

Photo courtesy of Shane Butcher


resources and useful linKs

Resources

Other city documents that complement this plan include, but are not limited to:

• DraftLocal Planning Strategy

• Local Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan 2013–2017

• Environment Enhancement Plan 2012–2016

• JH Abrahams Bushland Management Plan 2012–2016

• Water Conservation Plan 2008

•Dieback Management Plan 2007

•Western Suburbs Greening Plan 2002

•streettreemanagementpolicyandguidelines

•vergedevelopmentpolicyandguidelines

•publicopenspacemanagementinadryingenvironmentpolicy

• significanttreeregister.

Useful links

For further information on topics discussed in this plan, the following links may be useful:

• Wildcarehelpline(DepartmentofParksandWildlife),9474 9055

• DepartmentofParksandWildlife,www.dpaw.wa.gov.au

• BirdLifeAustralia,www.birdlife.org.au

• TheTurtleOblongaRescueandRehabilitationNetwork,www.turtleoblonganetwork.org.au

• WesternAustralianGouldLeague,www.wagouldleague.com.au

• WesternAustralianNaturalistsClub,www.wanaturalists.org.au

• WesternAustralianMuseum,www.museum.wa.gov.au

• PerthZoo,www.perthzoo.wa.gov.au

• SocietyforthePreservationofRaptors,www.raptor.org.au

• KaraakinBlackCockatooRecoveryCentre,www.blackcockatoorecovery.com

• SnakeIdentificationandRemoval,www.snakecatchers.com.au


references

References

Bencini, R and A Turnbull (2012) Monitoring of the turtle population at Lake Mabel Talbot Progress Report. University Of Western Australia, Perth

Department of Environment (2014) Threat abatement plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Australian Government Department of Environment, Canberra

Ecoscape (2003) Mabel Talbot Reserve Management Plan. Ecoscape (Australia) Pty Ltd, North Fremantle

Gammage B (2011) The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia. Allen and Unwin, Melbourne

Guyot, G And Kuchling, G (1998) Some ecological aspects of populations of oblong turtles Chelodina oblonga in the suburbs of Perth (Western Australia). SEH, pp. 173–181

Hamada S (2011) Genetic population structure of the oblong turtle. The University of Western Australia, Perth

Hancock P (2013) The bird that’s as WA as beer and taxis. Accessed May 2013. www.watoday.com.au

Hanson T (2011) Water bird survey of Perth wetlands. Murdoch University, Perth

Lootz M (2012) Lake Mabel Talbot Wetland Health Assessment with a Major Focus on Macro invertebrate Community. TAFE Central Institute of Technology, East Perth

Native Environmental Systems (1999) Report on Lake Jualbup, Shenton Park. City of Subiaco, Perth

Tysoe, L (2005) The population structure, reproduction and diet of two urban populations of oblong turtle Chelodina oblonga. Unpublished Honours Thesis, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth

WRM (2002) Mabel Talbot lake aquatic fauna survey. Wetland Research & Management, Perth

WRM (2013) Lake Jualbup aquatic fauna surveys: interim report. Spring 2012 and Autumn 2013 Sampling Final Report. Wetland Research & Management, Perth


Appendix A: Fauna list

fauna group Common name Species name

mammals Brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula

White-striped freetail bat Tadarida australis

Gould’s wattled bat Chalinolobus gouldii

Dogs** Canus lupis familiaris

Cats** Felus catus

Rabbits* Lepus curpaeums

birds Water birds

Australasian darter Anhinga novaehollandiae

Australasian grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae

Australasian shoveler Anas rhynchotis

Australian pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus

Australian shelduck Tadorna tadornoides

Australian white ibis Threskiornis molucca

Australian wood duck Chenonetta jubata

Banded stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus

Black fronted dotterel Elseyornis melanops

Black swan Cygnus atratus

Black tailed native hen Tribonyx ventralis

Buff banded rail Gallirallus philippensis

Chestnut teal Anas castanea

Dusky moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa

Eastern great egret Ardea modesta

Eurasian coot Fulica atra

Freckled duck Stictonetta naevosa

Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

Grey teal Anas gracilis

Hoary-headed grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus

Hard head Aythya australis

Little black cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris

Little egret Egretta garzetta

Little pied cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos

Mallard duck Anas platyrhynchos

Muscovy duck Cairina moschata

Musk duck Biziura lobata

Nankeen night heron Nycticorax caledonicus

Pacific black duck Anas superciliosa

Pink eared duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus

Purple swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio

Red necked stint*** Calidris ruficollis

Please note this is not a complete list of species occurring in the Subiaco area and is updated regularly as new information

becomes available. Note that the insect fauna group is not included.

appendix a: fauna list




birds Straw necked ibis Threskiornis spinicollis

White faced heron Egretta novaeholland

Yellow billed spoonbill Platalea flavipes

Other birds

Australian magpie Cracticus tibicen

Australian raven Corvus coronoides

Australian ringneck (28 parrot) Barnardius zonarius

Barn owl Tyto alba

Barking owl Ninox connivens

Black faced cuckoo shrike Coracina novaehollandiae

Carnaby's black cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris

Forest red-tailed black cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii naso

Pink and grey galah Eolophus roseicapillus

Grey butcherbird Cracticus torquatus

Laughing kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae

Laughing turtle-dove Streptopelia senegalensis

Little corella Cacatua sanguinea

Long-billed corella* Cacatua tenuirostris

Magpie lark Grallina cyanoleuca

New holland honey eater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae

Rainbow bee-eater*** Merops ornatus

Rainbow lorikeet* Trichoglossus haematodus

Red wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata

Silver gull Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae

Southern boobook owl Ninox novaeseelandiae

Tawny frogmouth Podargus strigoides

Welcome swallow Hirundo neoxena

White cheeked honey eater Phylidonyris niger

Willy wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys

Reptiles Long-necked or oblong turtle Chelodina oblonga

Bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa

Skinks Various species

Geckos Various species

amphibians

Western banjo frog Limnodynastes dorsalis

Slender tree frog Litoria adelaidensis

Motorbike frog Litoria moorei

Squelching froglet Crinia insignifera

Guenther's toadlet Pseudophryne guentheri

fish Mosquito fish* Gambusia holbrooki

Swordtail* Xiphophorus helleri

Goldfish* Carassius auratus



aquatic macro-invertebrates Round worms Nematoda species

Flat worms Tubellaria species

Aquatic segmented worms Oligochaeta species

Leeches Hirudinea species

Freshwater hydra Cridaria species

Snails and bivalves Mollusca species

Water fleas, copepods and side swimmers

Crustacea species

Water mites Acarina species

Aquatic beetles Coleoptera species

Two-winged fly lavae Diptera species

Mayfly larvae Ephemeroptera species

True bugs Hemiptera species

Moth larvae Lepidoptera species

Dragonflies and damselflies Odonata species

Caddisfly larvae Trichoptera species

* Feral animal

** Domestic animal

*** Migratory native species

Photo courtesy of Margaret Owen


241 Rokeby Road SUBIACO WA 6008PO Box 270 SUBIACO WA 6904

Phone: 08 9237 9222 Fax: 08 9237 9200Email: [email protected] Website: www.subiaco.wa.gov.au

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