wind power.pptx
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Wind power
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Wind power
Is the conversion of windskinetic energy other useful kind of
energy like electrical and
mechanical energies.
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Wind turbines (windmills)
It converts the winds kinetic energy
into mechanical and then electrical
energy.
wind energy production was over2.5% of total worldwide electricity
usage, and growing rapidly at more than
25% per annum.
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History
The first practical windmills were in use in middle east at
least by the 9th century and possibly as early as the 7th
century
Windmills were used to pump seawater for salt-making in
China and Sicily
In the US, the development of the water-pumping windmill
was the major factor in allowing the farming and ranching of
vast areas otherwise devoid of readily accessible water.
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In July 1887, a Scottish academic, Professor James Blyth,
built a cloth-sailed wind turbine in the garden of his holidaycottage in Marykirk and used the electricity it produced to
charge accumulators which he used to power the lights in
his cottage.
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US inventor Charles F. Brush produced electricity using a windpowered generator which powered his home and laboratory until
about 1900.
La Cour was the first to discover that fast rotating wind turbines
with fewer rotor blades were the most efficient in generatingelectricity and in 1904 he founded the Society of Wind
Electricians
By the mid-1920s, 1 to 3-kilowatt wind generators developed
by companies such as Parris-Dunn and Jacobs Wind-electricfound widespread use in the rural areas of the midwestern
Great Plains of the US, but by the 1940s the demand for more
power and the coming of the electrical grid throughout those
areas made these small generators obsolete.
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During the 1920s the first vertical axis wind turbine was
built by Frenchman George Darrieus and in 1931 a
100 kW precursor to the modern horizontal wind
generator was used in Yalta
And then wind turbines have increased greatly in size
and capable of delivering up to 7 MW
Wind turbine production has expanded to many
countries and wind power is expected to grow
worldwide in the twenty-first century.
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Horizontal Axis wind turbinevertical axis wind turbine
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Parts of the wind
turbine
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Nacelle is a cover housing that
houses all of the generating
components in a wind turbine,
including the generator, gearbox, drive
train, and brake assembly
Rotor blades collect the wind power and
acts the prime mover which is connected to
the rotor through the gear box
Rotor hub locks the rotor blades
Anemometer measures the winds speed
and it is connected to electronic controller
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Rotor brake controls the rotation of the shaft
Gear box increases the rotation for the generators shaft
Generator is the on that transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy.
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Why use wind to produce electricity?
It as an alternative to fossil fuels
Abundant
Renewable
Produces no greenhouse gas emissions during
operation.
Any effects on the environment are generallyless problematic than those from other
power sources.
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Advantages of wind turbines
1. Renewable Energy : Wind energy in itself is a source of renewable
energy which means it can be produced again and again
since it is available in plenty
2. Reduces Fossil Fuels Consumption :Dependence on the fossil
fuels could be reduced to much extent if it is adopted on the
much wider scale by all the countries across the globe. It
could be answer to the ever increasing demand for petroleum
and gas products.
3. Less Air and Water Pollution : Wind energy doesn't pollute at all.
It is that form of energy that will exist till the time sun
exists. It does not destroy the environment or release toxic
gases.
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4. Green House Effect : help to curb harmful gas emissions which
are the major source of global warming.
5. Initial Cost : The main cost is the installation of wind turbines.
Moreover the land used to install wind turbines can also
be used for agriculture purpose.
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Disadvantages of wind turbines
1. Wind Can Never Be Predicted :The main disadvantage of wind
energy is that wind can never be predicted. That is one of the
reasons that most of the companies determine wind turbine
layout, power curve, thrust curve, long term wind speed
before deploying wind turbines.
2. Suited To Particular Region :Wind turbines are suited to the
coastal regions which receive wind throughout the year to
generate power. So, countries that do not have any coastal
or hilly areas may not be able to take any advantage of wind
power
3. Wind is not constant : The strength of the wind is not constant
and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that
wind turbines do not produce the same amount of
electricity all the time. There will be times when they
produce no electricity at all.
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Capacity factor
Since wind speed is not constant, a wind farm's annual energy
production is never as much as the sum of the generator nameplateratings multiplied by the total hours in a year.
Typical capacity factors are 2040%, with values at the upper end of
the range in particularly favourable sites.
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Economics
Wind power has low ongoing costs, but a moderate capital cost.
The marginal cost of wind energy once a plant is constructed is
usually less than other power plants
As wind turbine technology improves, costs are coming down.There are now longer and lighter wind turbine blades,
improvements in turbine performance and increased power
generation efficiency. Also, wind project capital and maintenance
costs have continued to decline.
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Environmental effects
Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy
sources, the environmental impact of wind power is relatively
minor. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to
manufacture and transport the materials used to build a wind power
plant is equal to the new energy produced by the plant within a fewmonths. While a wind farm may cover a large area of land, many
land uses such as agriculture are compatible, with only small areas
of turbine foundations and infrastructure made unavailable for use.
There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as
there are around other artificial structures.
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Planning aspects
Estimation of wind conditions : An estimation of local windconditions is especially crucial in the selection of the site.
Initial estimates of installed capacity and energy yield: the local gridoperator has to be asked for the maximum possible wind power
feedable into the grid has to, how far away the next feeding point
is, and what the voltage level is for a connection to the grid.
Permit aspects : Local construction law determines what is required
for a wind farm or a single wind turbine to be eligible for apermit.
In addition, the environmental impact of the turbine
generally has to be assessed as early as the planning phase
in most countries. Generally, an environmental impact
assessment is then conducted.
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Economic : The economic feasibility of a wind farm is decisive. If
the wind farm is found not to be economically feasible, the
project should not be begun at all. In calculating the
economic feasibility over a period of around 20 years of
operation, various cost items -- such as actual energy yield,
repairs, etc.
The ecological impact of wind turbines :There must be a
determination of whether the impact that the construction and
operation of wind turbines will have on the environment is
acceptable in terms of nature conservation. Additional reports
may be required to assess the impact in areas where birds build
nests or migrate.
T 10 t i
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Top 10 countries
by nameplate wind power capacity
(2011 year-end)
Country
Windpower capacity
(MW) provisional % world total
China 62,733 26.3
United States 46,919 19.7
Germany 29,060 12.2
Spain 21,674 9.1
India 16,084 6.7
France 6,800 2.8
Italy 6,747 2.8
United Kingdom 6,540 2.7
Canada 5,265 2.2
Portugal 4,083 1.7
(rest of world) 32,446 13.8
World total 238,351 MW 100%
http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_12_portugal.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_14_canada.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_8_united-kingdom.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_7_italy.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_1_france.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_5_india.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_3_spain.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_2_germany.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_4_usa.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3http://www.thewindpower.net/country_en_9_china.php?PHPSESSID=51a4e045a4de0a96d42f152f201c04c3 -
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Advantages of Wind turbinesagainst other power plant
Compared to other types of Power plants, Wind turbines has the simplest
structure in which in means to have a low initial cost. The wind as the fuel is
renewable and abundant. It is one of the power plants that has the cheapest
operating cost. It needs a small space only for the tower of the wind turbine.
Compared to diesel, coal - fired, and natural gas fired power plants it doesnt
have any solid waste to dispose. Compared to solar it doest consume a largeamount of space. And lastly it is one of the power plants that has a very little
effect on the environment.
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Thank you !!!