wind turbines

5/19/2018 Wind Turbines

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Wind turbine is a device used to

generate electricity from the

kinetic

power of the wind.


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HISTORY OF WIND TURBINES

*1887. Glasgow, Scotland:

The first windmill for electricity production is built by Professor James Blyth.

*1888. Ohio, US

Professor Charles F. Brush builds a 12kW wind turbine

1890sAskov, Denmark:In 1903, Poul la Cour founded the Society of Wind Electricians and

in 1904 the society held the first course in wind electricity. La Cour was the first to discover

that fast rotating wind turbines with fewer rotor blades were most efficient in generating

electricity production.

1920s The first vertical axis wind turbine, the Darrieus turbine, is invented by Frenchman

George Darrieus


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1930s.

By the 1930s windmills for electricity were common on farms, mostly in the United States

1941. Vermont, US:

the first megawatt-class wind turbine was synchronized to a utility grid in Vermont.

1980. New Hampshire, US:The world's first windfarm consisting of 20 turbines is built in

New Hampshire.

1991. Vindeby, Denmark: The first offshore windfarm is created in

Vindeby, in the southern part of Denmark. The windfarm consists of 11 450kW turbines.

2007 . Stirling, UK:Installed capacity of wind power in the UK reaches 2gW, with the opening of the

Braes O'Doune windfarm, in Scotland, which produces 72mW of power.

As of 2012, Danish company Vestas is the world's biggest wind-turbine manufacturer.


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TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

H A W T V A W T

Wind turbines can be separated into two basic types

determined by which way the turbine spins:

HAWT (Horizontal-axis wind turbine)

VAWT (Vertical-axis wind turbine).


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VAWT

Characteristics:

-VAWTs have the main rotor shaft arranged

vertically.

-The wind turbine does not need to be pointed

into

the wind.

-With a vertical axis, the generator and otherprimary components are placed near the

ground.

-The maintenance is easy.

-There are two subtypes of VAWTs:

Darrieus wind turbine and

Savoniuswind turbine.


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A D V A N T A G E S

No yaw mechanisms is needed.

A VAWT can be located nearer theground.

VAWTs have lower wind startup

speeds.

VAWTs may be built at locations

where taller structures areprohibited.

Wind velocity can increase taking

advantge of other constructions.

D I S A D V A N T A G E S

Most VAWTs have an average

decreased efficiency from a common

HAWT.

It doesnt take advantage from higher

wind speeds above.

They had been the subject of wild

claims and investment scams over

the last 50 years.


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HAWT

Characteristics:

-HAWTs are the common wind turbine.

-The blades look like a propeller that spin on the

horizontal axis.

-HAWTs have the main rotor shaft andelectrical

generator at the top of a tower.

-They must be pointed into the wind.

-Most HAWTs are upwind

machines.


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A D VA N T A G E S

The tall tower base allows access to

stronger wind in sites with wind shear. In

some wind shear sites, every ten meters

up the wind speed can increase by 20%

and the power output by 34%.

High efficiency, since the blades always

move perpendicularly to the wind,

receiving power through the wholerotation.

D I S A D V A N T A G E S

Massive tower construction is required

to support the heavy blades, gearbox,

and generator.

The gearbox, rotor shaft and brake

assembly being lifted into position.

Their height makes them obtrusively

visible across large area.

HAWTs require an additional yaw controlmechanism to turn the blades toward the

wind.

Usually gains local opposition.


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Rotor blades: The blades are basically the sails of

the system; in their simplest form, they act asbarriers to the wind.

Shaft: The wind-turbine shaft is connected to the

center of the rotor. The rotor transfers its

mechanical, rotational energy to the shaft, and

sends it to an electrical generator. Generator: A generator uses the properties

of electromagnetic induction to produce electrical

that drives electrical current out through power

lines for distribution.

A wind-energy

turbine consists

of three crucial

parts:

WIND TURBINE DESIGN


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The only one currently in commercialproduction is the Darrieus turbine.

In a VAWT, the shaft is mounted on avertical axis, perpendicular to theground.

VAWTs are always aligned with thewind.

VAWTs need a boost from its electricalsystem to get started.

It typically uses guy wires for support.

VAWT DESIGN


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The HAWT shaft is mounted

horizontally, parallel to the

ground. HAWTs need toconstantly align themselves

with the wind using a yaw-

adjustment mechanism.

Components:

Rotor blades: Capture wind'senergy and convert it to

rotational energy of shaft.

Shaft: Transfers rotational

energy into generator.

HAWT DESIGN


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Gearbox: Increases speed of shaft between rotor hub and generator.

Generator: Uses rotational energy of shaft to generate electricity using

electromagnetism.

Electronic control unit: Monitors system, shuts down turbine in case of

malfunction and controls yaw mechanism.

Yaw controller: Moves rotor to align with direction of wind.

Brakes: Stop rotation of shaft in case of power overload or system failure.

Tower: Supports rotor and nacelle and lifts entire setup to higher elevationwhere blades can safely clear the ground.

Electrical equipment: Carries electricity from generator down through tower

and controls many safety elements of turbine.


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Wind turbines are

available in a variety ofsizes, and therefore powerratings.

The technology requires ahigher initial investment

than fossil-fueledgenerators. There is alsoto consider that the cost ofa system will depend onthe size and the mounting

method.

COSTS SAVINGS AND EARNINGS


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The major challenge to using wind as a source of

power is that it is intermittent and does not alwaysblow when electricity is needed. Wind cannot be

stored, and not all winds can be harnessed to meet

the timing of electricity demands.

Good wind sites are often located in remote locations

far from areas of electric power demand.

Wind resource development may compete with other

uses for the land.

SUPPLY ISSUES


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Thanks for your attention.

Lucero Sierra Ma.Fernanda

Sierra Gmez Jess Ernique 604

wind turbines

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