wind€energy€the€facts€–integrating wind€power€in€sweden · 2009-07-08 ·...

36
Wind Energy The Facts –Integrating wind power in Sweden Dorina Iuga Project Manager European Wind Energy Association 02 July Visby, Sweden

Upload: others

Post on 05-Jul-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Wind Energy The Facts –Integratingwind power in SwedenDorina IugaProject ManagerEuropean Wind Energy Association 02  July

Visby, Sweden

Page 2: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

CONTENTS

WIND ENERGY ­ THE FACTS PUBLICATION

BENEFITS OF WIND ENERGY

IEE PROGRAMME

Page 3: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

INTELLIGENT ENERGY EUROPE (IEE) PROGRAMME

• Wind Energy –The Facts: IEE financed project(Renewable electricity area) of 2 years (01/11/07 ­31/10/09)

• IEE: EU's funding tool to encourage the use ofrenewable energy sources and energy savingandmove towards a more energy intelligent Europe

Page 4: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

CONTENTS

WIND ENERGY ­ THE FACTS PUBLICATION

BENEFITS OF WIND ENERGY

IEE PROGRAMME

Page 5: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WIND ENERGY –THE FACTS

I. Technology

II. Grid Integration

III. The Economics of Wind Power

IV. Industry and Markets

V. Environment

VI. Scenarios and Targets

Page 6: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WIND ENERGY THE FACTS: Authors

• Volume I: Paul Gardner, Andrew Garrad, Lars Falbe Hansen, PeterJamieson, Colin Morgan, Fatma Murray and Andrew Tindal of GarradHassan and Partners, UK; José Ignacio Cruz, Luis Arribas of CIEMAT,Spain; Nicholas Fichaux of the European Wind Energy Association(EWEA).

• Volume II: Frans Van Hulle of EWEA and Paul Gardner of GarradHassan and Partners.

• Volume III: Poul Erik Morthorst of Ris  National Laboratory, TechnicalUniversity of Denmark; Hans Auer of the Energy Economics Group,University of Vienna; Andrew Garrad of Garrad Hassan and Partners;Isabel Blanco of UAH, Spain

Page 7: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WIND ENERGY THE FACTS: Authors

• Part IV: Angelika Pullen of the Global Wind EnergyCouncil (GWEC), Keith Hays of Emerging EnergyResearch; Gesine Knolle of EWEA.

• Part V: Carmen Lago, Ana Prades, Christian Oltra andYolanda Lechón of CIEMAT, Spain; Angelika Pullen ofGWEC, Hans Auer of the Energy Economics Group,University of Vienna.

• Part VI: Arthouros Zervos of the National TechnicalUniversity of Athens, Greece (www.ntua.gr) andChristian Kjaer of EWEA.

Page 8: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

I. TECHNOLOGY: Wind resource estimation 1/2

Onshore wind energy resource, as computed on a broadscale for the European Wind Atlas.

Colour bandsindicate Increasingannual mean windspeeds

Wind maps area good startingpoint

Effects ofmountains andproximity to coastnot included inthis map

But at each sitewindmeasurementsand topographyneeds to betaken intoaccount

Page 9: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Turbines MastI. TECHNOLOGY: Wind resource estimation 2/2

Input ­ topography

Output normalised wind speed

Computational flow modellinginitiated from wind conditions atmast

Have predicted wind conditionsat each turbine location

In this example annual meanwind speed varies by 30 % oversite area

Page 10: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WIND TURBINE –WHAT’S INSIDE?

I. TECHNOLOGY: Wind turbine 1/2

Page 11: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WINDTURBINES

How bigwill they

get?

I. TECHNOLOGY: Wind turbine 2/2

Page 12: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

II. GRID INTEGRATION 1/4

• Wind power fits well in power systems, the need for  additional‘integration efforts’ depend on:

– Wind power penetration– Flexibility of the power system in question:

• Generation (up and down regulation capability)• Demand management and storage• Interconnection (available capacity)• Power market characteristics (e.g. for balancing services):

time, geographical area.

• Flexibility varies widely in EU. Integration efforts (e.g. moving tomore flexibility) can be implemented by suitable market design(rules, incentives).

Page 13: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

II. GRID INTEGRATION 2/4THE MAIN CHALLENGES• Increased power flows as wind power capacity increases• Distance of wind power from load centres

ISSUES• European grid is weak on interconnections• Often weak distribution grids• Interconnection projects face long lead times (10 years) due to

planning obstacles.• Cost allocation : example approach = Infrastructure planning law

in Germany (offshore grids for wind power to be built by TSO’s).

Page 14: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

II. GRID INTEGRATION 3/4

December 2000 wind speeds, 2030 MW amounts

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

90 %

100 %

1 169 337 505 673

Netherlands 7000 MWBeNeLux+Fra+Ger 111 500 MWUCTE 226 000 MWUCTE+GB+Nordel 268 300 MW

The need for interconnexion: spatial smoothing effect

Page 15: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

II. GRID INTEGRATION 4/4

• Large amounts ofwind power (2020,2030 scenarios) willincreasecongestions ininterconnectors

• Strong adequateinterconnectors willallow for a  27 GWfirm generatingcapacity for 2020( 200 GW scenario).

Page 16: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Source: EWEA 2009 report "The Economics of Wind Energy"

Cost structure of a typical 2 MW wind turbine installed in Europe (€2006)

ÆWind energy: 75% of costs paid upfrontÆConventional power: less capital intensive –

uncertain fuel and carbon costs

Æ Investment costsÆ O&M costsÆ Electricity

productionÆ Average wind

speedÆ Turbine lifetimeÆ Discount rate

III. ECONOMICS OF WIND: Costs 1/2

Page 17: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Production costs are decreasing

Total wind energy costs per unit of electricity produced, by turbine size (c€/kWh, constant €2006

prices), and assuming a 7.5% discount rate

ÆTrend towards larger turbinesÆTrend towards improved cost­effectivenessÆCosts have gone down by more than 40%

Source: EWEA 2009 report "The Economics of Wind Energy"

III. ECONOMICS OF WIND POWER: Costs 2/2III. ECONOMICS OF WIND: Costs 2/2

Page 18: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Wind energy reduces power price ­merit ­ order effect

Source: EWEA 2009 report "The Economics of Wind Energy"

How wind power influences the power spot price at different times of day

ÆImpact of windpower dependson time of thedayÆHigh demand

and high windimpact the spotpower pricesignificantlyÆLower power

spot price isbeneficial to allconsumers

III. ECONOMICS OF WIND: Electricity price

Page 19: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

IV. INDUSTRY AND MARKETS:Support schemes for RES­E 1/2

Feed­in tariff

Quota / TGC Tax incentives/ Investment grants

SE

FI

LALT

PL

CZ

HUAT

DE

DK

UKIE

ESPT

IT

MTCY

GR

FR

NLBE

LU

EE

BE

SI

SKCH

RO

BG

Feed­in tariff

Quota / TGC Tax incentives/ Investment grants

SE

FI

LALT

PL

CZ

HUAT

DE

DK

UKIE

ESPT

IT

MTCY

GR

FR

NLBE

LU

EE

BE

SI

SKCH

RO

BG

• National supportschemes– Each Member State can

choose its own supportscheme

– Strong tendencytowards:

• Feed­in tariffs• Quota obligations

with tradable greencertificates

Page 20: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

IV. INDUSTRY AND MARKETS:Support schemes for RES­E 2/2

1. Feed­in tariffs (FIT)• Renewable electricity can be fed into the grid at a guaranteed

tariff for a determined period of time

2. Quota obligation with tradable green certificates (TGC)• Additional revenue above market price from selling TGCs

3. Tender procedures• In a bidding round projects with the lowest generation costs

can obtain financial support

4. Incentives• Tax incentives or investment grants

Page 21: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

• The EU wind energy sector directly employedapproximately 108,600 people in 2007

• Including indirect jobs, the sector employed 154,000people

• Direct employment has increased by 60,237 (125%)since 2002

• On average, the wind energy sector in Europe has created33 new jobs every day, seven days a week over the pastfive years

• Wind turbine and component manufacturers areresponsible for the 59% of direct wind energyemployment

What is the current employment situation?

IV. INDUSTRY AND MARKETS:Employment 1/2

Page 22: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Employment breakdown across sectors

IV. INDUSTRY AND MARKETS:Employment 2/2

Page 23: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

V. ENVIRONMENT

• Global environmental benefits– Wind energy is a clean energy source

• Local environmental impacts– Are site­specific, vary among the different species and should

be put in context– Can be avoided/minimised: the role of environmental

assessments, mitigation and compensation measures

• Conclusions and recommendations– Achieving the 20% RES target while respecting biodiversity

Page 24: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

CONTENTS

WIND ENERGY ­ THE FACTS PUBLICATION

BENEFITS OF WIND ENERGY

IEE PROGRAMME

Page 25: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Oil

Gas

Coal

Uranium

0.5% ­ 0.8%

EU share ofproven global reserves

1.4% ­ 2%

7.7–7.8 years

Years of domesticproduction

14.4–14.8 years

3.5%

1.9%

50 years

Source: European Commission 2008

EU IS IMPORTING 54% OF ITS ENERGY…

Page 26: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WIND LEADS THE EU POWER SECTOR

Note: Preliminary figures for solar photovoltaic installationsSource: EWEA, EPIA and Platts PowerVision

NEW POWER CAPACITY INSTALLED IN  2008Total installed: 23,851 MW

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Wind

36%

Gas

29%

FuelOil

10%

Coal

3%

Hydro

2%

Biomass

1%

Other

1%

Nuclear

0,3%

8484

6932

2495

762473 296 149 60

Photo­voltaic18%

4200

WIND LEADS THE EU POWER SECTOR

Page 27: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

NEW CAPACITY INSTALLED BY ENERGYSOURCE IN EU (2000­2008)

Source: Platts PowerVision 2008

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Natural gas Wind Coal Fuel oil Large hydro Biomass Nuclear PV Other

Page 28: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

EU TOP 5 WIND ENERGY CAPACITY

Source: EWEA Wind Map 2008

Page 29: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WIND ENERGY IN EU­27­ 2008 FACTS (I)

Æ 65 GW installed capacity, incl. 1.47 GW offshore

Æ Annual installations of 8.5 GW, incl. 0.35 GW offshore

Æ Electricity production of 142 TWh

Æ Meeting 4.2% of total EU electricity demand

Æ Providing power equivalent to the needs of 35 millionaverage EU households

Page 30: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WIND ENERGY IN EU­27–2008 FACTS (II)

Æ Avoiding 108 Mt of CO2 –equivalent to taking more than50 million cars off the road (20% of the EU car fleet) andequal to 31% of the EU­15’s Kyoto obligation

Æ Annual avoided fuel cost of €5.4 billion

Æ Annual avoided CO2 costs of approximately €2.4 billion

Æ Annual investments in wind turbines of €11 billion

Page 31: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Source: Emerging Energy Research

ONSHORE MARKETS ARE DEVELOPINGAT THREE SPEEDS

Page 32: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

WIND ENERGY EXPANSION

Rising energy demand and contribution from wind power

Source: EWEA

1980s­1990s 2008 2020

Two decades toinstall 0.9% of EUelectricity demand

Demand:2,577 TWh

Accelerating pace:reaching 4.2%

end 2008

Demand:3,380 TWh

11.6%­14.3%despite growing

demand

Demand:4,107 TWh

Meeting between20.8% & 28.2%of the EU need

Demand:4,503 TWh

2030

Page 33: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

How to reach the 20% target

From15.2%to app.

35%

RES­E

2005 Eurostat 2020 Target

HOW MUCH RES­E?HOW MUCH WIND POWER?

Source: EREC Renewable Energy Technology Roadmap –20% by 2020, November 2008 andEurostat, EC 2007 communication

From10.2%to app.

25%

2005 Eurostat 2020 Target

RES­H

Wind power34.8%

Hydro28%

Photovoltaic13.1%

Biomass18.1%

Geothermal2.3%

Ocean0.4%

Solar thermal3.1%

2020RES­E

From1.05%to app.

10%

RES fortransport

2005 Eurostat 2020 Target

12 –14%electricitydemand.

Page 34: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

CUMULATIVE  WIND ENERGYINSTALLATIONS

Source: EWEA

Page 35: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY EVENTS

• Come to this year’s offshore wind event in Stockholm (14 ­ 16 September2009)

• Over 80% of the exhibition space has already been sold.• 2000 participants expected

• More information: www.eow2009.info

• EWEAs annual event will take place in Warsaw, Poland  (20 –23 April 2010).• More information: www.ewec2010.info

Page 36: Wind€Energy€The€Facts€–Integrating wind€power€in€Sweden · 2009-07-08 · WIND€ENERGY€THE€FACTS:€Authors š Volume€I:€Paul€Gardner,€Andrew€Garrad,€Lars€Falbe€Hansen,€Peter

Thank you very much for your attention

www.ewea.org RENEWABLE ENERGY HOUSE63­65 RUE D’ARLONB­1040 BRUSSELS

T: +32 2 546 1940F: +32 2 546 1944E: [email protected]