wireless broadband master plan
TRANSCRIPT
Kathmandu, Nepal
2 February 2012
Sameer Sharma
Senior Advisor, ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Wireless Broadband Master Plan
2
Agenda
ITU Structure and Overview
ITU Vision on Broadband
ICT Development in Nepal
Project Scope & Survey Results
3
ITU Structure and Overview
4
Founded in 1865
Leading UN Special Agency for ICTs
HQs in Switzerland
ITU-T Efficient, right-time production of
international telecommunication
standards
ITU-R Managing the international
radio-frequency spectrum and
satellite orbit resources
ITU-D Established to help spread
equitable, sustainable and
affordable access to ICT.
ITU TELECOM Brings together the top names from across the ICT industry &
ministers and regulators for a major exhibition, a high-level
forum & a host of other opportunities
ITU Structure & Functions
Three sectors (ITU-T, ITU-D, and ITU-R)
4 Regional Offices & 7 Area Offices
193 Member States; and 700 Sector Members
“ITU – Among World’s Top Ten most Enduring Institutions”, says Booz Allen
5
ITU in Asia-Pacific
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific: Bangkok, Thailand
Area Office for South East Asia: Jakarta, Indonesia
The offices serve for 38 Member States and over 72 Sector Members/Associates
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Lao, PDR
Nepal
Myanmar
Timor Leste
Kiribati
Samoa
Solomon Is.
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Fiji
Maldives
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
Tonga
LDCs (13)
PNG
D.P.R. Korea
India
Indonesia
Mongolia
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
Low-Income States (9)
SIDS (12)
Australia
Brunei
China/Hong Kong
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
R.O. Korea
Singapore
Thailand
The Rest (10)
ITU-D Sector & Associate Members:
Asia-Pacific Region
Membership Application at http://www.itu.int/members/sectmem/Form.pdf
1. Afghanistan Information Management Services (AIMS) - Afghanistan
2. Afghan Wireless Communication Co.- Afghanistan
3. Asia Pacific Network Information Centre – Australia
4. Grameenphone (GP) Limited – Bangladesh
5. Orascom Telecom Bangladesh Limited (Banglalink)
6. Bhutan Telecom – Bhutan
7. Telekom Brunei Berhad (TelBru) – Brunei Darussalam
8. CHUAN WEI (Cambodia) Co., Ltd. - Cambodia
9. China Telecommunications Corporation - China
10. China Unicom (Hong Kong) Ltd. - China
11. Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.- China
12. ZTE Corporation – China
13. Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) - Fiji
14. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. - India
15. Bharti Airtel Limited - India
16. Cellular Operators Association of India
17. ITU-APT Foundation of India
18. Luna Ergonomics Pvt. Ltd - India
19. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. – India
20. RailTel Corporation of India Limited, India
21. Shyam Telecom Limited, India
22. Telecom Disputes Settlement & Appellate Tribunal - India
23. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
24. Vihaan Networks Limited (VNL), India
25. PT. INDOSAT Tbk. - Indonesia
26. PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk – Indonesia
27. Irancell Telecommunication Services Company – I.R Iran
28. Telecommunication Company of Iran
29. Fujitsu Limited - Japan
30. Hitachi, Ltd. - Japan
31. KDDI Corporation - Japan
32. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology – Japan
33. NEC Corporation - Japan
34. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone East Corporation – Japan
35. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation – Japan
36. Nomura Research Institute Ltd.- Japan
37. The ITU Association of Japan
38. Tokai University – Japan
39. Korea Information Society Development Institute (KISDI) – R.O.Korea
40. Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA) – R.O. Korea
41. KT Corporation _ R.O. Korea
42. National Information Society Agency (NIA) – R.O. Korea
43. Samsung SDS Co.Ltd, R.O. Korea
44. SK Telecom, R.O. Korea
45. Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union – Malaysia
46. Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development – Malaysia
47. Astronautic Technology (M) Sdn.Bhd., Malaysia
48. Axiata Group Berhad, Malaysia
49. CyberSecurity, Malaysia
50. Green Packet Berhad – Malaysia
51. Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd. – Malaysia
52. MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd. - Malaysia
53. Telekom Malaysia Berhad – Malaysia
54. Communications Regulatory Commission of Mongolia
55. Information Communication Network Company – Mongolia
56. MobiCom Corporation – Mongolia
57. Nepal Telecom Company Limited- Nepal
58. Nepal Telecommunications Authority – Nepal
59. e Worldwide Group – Pakistan
60. National Telecommunication Corporation – Pakistan
61. Pakistan Institute of Human Rights - Pakistan
62. Pakistan Mobile Communications Limited - Pakistan
63. Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited - Pakistan
64. Smart Communications, Inc. – Philippines
65. Telecentre.org - Philippines
66. Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd. – Sri Lanka
67. ROHDE & SCHWARZ Regional Headquarters Singapore Pte. Ltd. - Singapore
68. Asia-Pacific Telecommunity – Thailand
69. Advanced Info Service Public Company Ltd. – Thailand
70. Total Access Communication PLC – Thailand
71. True Corporation Public Co., Ltd. – Thailand
72. Viettel Corporation, VietNam
7
ITU Vision on Broadband
The ITU Vision on Broadband
Broadband needs to be considered as basic national infrastructure, as it will fundamentally reshape the
world in the 21st century and change the way services are delivered – from e-health to e-education to
e-commerce to e-government.
Investment in Broadband Networks Shows to Deliver Greatest Benefits On GDP Growth
Source: Christine Zhen-Wei Qiang and Carlo M. Rossotto with Kaoru Kimura, Chapter 3
Economic Impacts of Broadband, in World Bank, Information and Communication for
Development 2009: Extending Reach and Increasing Impact (IC4D2009).
Examples of technologies
A 10 percent increase in fixed teledensity
has a 0.5 percent increase in GDP Additional benefits that are not
quantified by WB
• Significant qualitative and social
benefits that are likely to result
from wider telecommunications
and broadband adoption
World Bank estimated broadband boost is consistent with specific country studies
A 10 percent increase in mobile teledensity
has a 0.7 percent increase in GDP
A 10 percent increase in broadband
penetration boosts GDP by 1.3 percent!
BUT
10
Impact of Broadband on Innovation Innovation efficiency vs. broadband penetration
Innovation efficiency vs. broadband penetration ratio
Source: World Economic Forum
Broadband facilitates innovation and entrepreneurship
Countries with a higher penetration see greater innovation
Broadband stokes innovation and it does so exponentially
11
2015 Broadband Targets - Broadband Leadership Summit 2011
All countries should have a national broadband plan or
strategy or include broadband in their Universal Access /
Service Definitions.
Entry-level broadband services should be made affordable
in developing countries through adequate regulation and
market forces (amounting to less than 5% of average
monthly income).
40% of households in developing countries should have
Internet access.
Internet user penetration should reach 60% worldwide,
50% in developing countries and 15% in LDCs.
Making
broadband
policy
universal.
Making
broadband
affordable
Connecting
homes to
broadband
Making
broadband
affordable
12
ICT Development in Nepal
Economy
Regional Rank
2010 Rank 2010 IDI2010 Rank 2008 IDI2008
Rank Change
2008-2010
Korea (Rep.) 1 1 8.40 1 7.80 0
Hong Kong, China 2 6 7.79 6 7.14 0
New Zealand 3 12 7.43 16 6.65 4
Japan 4 13 7.42 11 7.01 -2
Australia 5 14 7.36 14 6.78 0
Singapore 6 19 7.08 15 6.71 -4
Macao, China 7 21 6.84 27 5.84 6
Brunei Darussalam 8 43 5.61 44 4.97 1
Malaysia 9 58 4.45 57 3.96 -1
Maldives 10 67 4.05 66 3.54 -1
China 11 80 3.55 75 3.17 -5
Viet Nam 12 81 3.53 91 2.76 10
Mongolia 13 86 3.41 87 2.90 1
Iran (I.R.) 14 87 3.39 84 2.96 -3
Thailand 15 89 3.30 80 3.03 -9
Philippines 16 92 3.22 95 2.69 3
Fiji 17 94 3.16 90 2.82 -4
Indonesia 18 101 2.83 107 2.39 6
Sri Lanka 19 105 2.79 106 2.41 1
India 20 116 2.01 117 1.72 1
Cambodia 21 117 1.99 120 1.63 3
Bhutan 22 119 1.93 123 1.58 4
Lao P.D.R. 23 121 1.90 119 1.64 -2
Pakistan 24 123 1.83 121 1.59 -2
Nepal 25 134 1.56 137 1.28 3
Bangladesh 26 137 1.52 135 1.31 -2
Papua New Guinea 27 143 1.38 139 1.24 -4
Average 4.06 3.61
ICT Development Index (IDI) :Asia- Pacific
ICT growth translates into national competitiveness
14
Low ICT & Income Levels
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000
GNI per capita US$ 2008
IDI
2008
Observed
Logarithmic
R² = 0.89
Maldives
Bhutan
Sri Lanka
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Nepal
Source: ITU
(0.69 including
Bhutan)
Nepal has potential to stimulate broadband by creating enabling environment and
promoting investment in infrastructure
15 Source: ITU
Fixed Broadband Prices
Nepal has second highest fixed broadband prices after Bangladesh
16
Fixed Broadband Penetration
•Barely 0.3 % in Nepal
•Only Maldives has a higher value: 5.8 %
Fixed broadband penetration
5,8
0,8
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,0
0
0,0
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mal
dive
s
Sri La
nka
Indi
a
South
Asia
Bhuta
n
Pakista
n
Nep
al
Banglad
esh
Afgha
nist
an
subscriptio
ns p
er
100 in
habita
nts Upper-middle-income world
Lower-middle-income world
Low-income world
Lower-middle-income Low-income
Source: ITU
17
Mobile Broadband Penetration
Source: ITU
Mobile broadband penetration
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
32,5
5,7
1,7
0,0
50,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
Mal
dive
s
Sri La
nka
Bhuta
nIn
dia
Nep
al
South
Asia
Pakista
n
Banglad
esh
Afgha
nist
an
subscriptio
ns p
er
100 in
habita
nts Upper-middle-income world
Lower-middle-income world
Low-income world
Lower-middle-income Low-income
WiMax could further stimulate take up of broadband in rural areas of
Nepal
• Not available or negligible in Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Nepal
• Only 1.7 % in Bhutan, but 32,5 % in Maldives
18
Slow Infrastructure Deployment
Source: ITU
15,8
2,8
5,7
8
0,4
4
0,2
6
0,0
3
0,0
0
0,9
3,8
0,5
36,5%
0,8%3,3%
9,2%
11,8%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Maldives Bhutan Nepal Bangladesh Afghanistan
per
100 in
habita
nts
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
% fix
ed b
roadband / fix
ed tele
phone
Fixed telephone lines Fixed broadband subscriptions ratio (%)
Usage of the fixed telephone network to provide fixed broadband, 2009
Fixed Network Infrastructure
Improve fixed broadband by using the fixed telephone infrastructure in place Stimulate
demand to create the right incentives for a fixed broadband
19
Low Personal Computer Penetration
Source: ITU
Ratio of households with Internet access to households with a PC in ABBMN countries, 2008
2,2
4,2
30,2
1,9
0
1,1
5 2,8
0
9,7
0
1,0
0
1,5
3,2
86,4%
31,3%
32,1%
66,7%
76,7%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Bangladesh Afghanistan Bhutan Maldives Nepal
perc
enta
ge
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
ratio
(hh w
ith Inte
rnet / hh w
ith a
PC
)
% households w ith a PC % households w ith Internet access ratio (%)
Define national programs for the distribution of low-cost computing
Encourage community access to broadband ( Connect School , Connect Community)
20
Wireless Broadband Master Plan
Project Scope & Survey Results
21
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Why Wireless Broadband ?
Mobile broadband is on the rise…..
22
Objective of the Project
Under the joint partnership of ITU and KCC,
the project on Wireless Broadband Master Plan
was launched in Q2, 2011
The objective of this project is to assist the
Asia and Pacific countries in developing their
own wireless broadband master plan which will
eventually provide access to broadband
supported services and applications at rates
that are affordable and comparable to those in
developed countries.
Internat ional Telecommunicat ion Union
Scope
Survey on the situation of broadband
- Collect information on the status of Asia and Pacific broadband through a questionnaire in cooperation with the Asia-Pacific Regional Office; and
- Analyze the collected information.
Develop master plan for pilot countries
- Identify the pilot countries (at least 4 countries)
- Clarify the requirements of the 4 pilot countries; and
- Develop and provide a master plan according to each pilot country’s requirements and situation.
Training of national experts
- Develop the workshop programmes to deliver a regional workshop on the master plan;
- Identify the host country of the workshop; and
Conduct the training programmes.
1
2
3
Context of Survey
ITU sought information from Government, regulators and other key stakeholders on the policies and strategies that are being implemented by ITU Asia-Pacific members to facilitate the deployment of wireless broadband (“WBB”) in their countries.
Perspectives on policy, strategy, law, regulations, technology and other related areas in relation to WBB implementation were sought.
The 115 questions survey conducted in July 2011 was intended to assist the ITU in selecting four countries as pilots for development of WBB Master Plans.
Some 40+ survey responses were received from 18 Asia-Pacific nations. Four countries selected for WBBMP : Samoa, Myanmar, Vietnam, Nepal
Nepal: General Policy-I Nepal’s Government appears to actively support the implementation and rollout of WBB by the following methods:
Investing in infrastructure
E-government
Supporting local content
Economic development goals
Educational initiatives
It also believes that mandating coverage infrastructure sharing would be highly effective. A number of barriers to adoption are identified:
Lack of awareness / skills
Lack of infrastructure
Poor customer service
Pricing
Lack of services
Lack of local content
Lack of e-government policy
Nepal: General Policy -II When queried about policies the Government pursued to encourage broadband adoption, the following responses were received:
Encouraging new entrants
Adopting a National Broadband Plan
Education programs
Encouraging access to bottleneck facilities
Implementing an NBN
Subsidising deployment of infrastructure
Tax incentives
When asked about the likely rate of increase in the take-up of WBB services from 2011, the following responses were obtained:
Increase in take-up of WBB
Next 5 years 15%
Next 15 years 35%
Nepal: Regulatory Environment Nepal’s telecommunications sector is governed by the Telecommunications Act 1997 and regulated by ‘Telecommunication Regulation 1997’ and regulated by the ‘Telecommunication Regulation 1997. The Radio Act 1957 governs spectrum issues, which are regulated by the ‘Radio Regulations 1992’. Lastly, current spectrum plans are described in the ‘National Frequency Allocation Plan 2004’. The Government is reportedly considering the implementation of substantial legal chances to the telecommunications sector that will impact WBB. This is taking the form of:
Approving a policy of spectrum allocation and pricing; and Drafting a new broadband policy.
The Regulator is empowered to compulsorily acquire unused / underutilised spectrum within a 3 year time-frame. A refarming process is currently underway with the 1900 CDMA being reallocated for use for 1800 MHz GSM and 3G When asked to identify uses of future possible candidates for IMT bands, the following technologies and bands were listed:
Technology Band
BWA 700 MHz
IMT-Advanced 2.5 GHz
Nepal: Spectrum Licensing Framework
Factors With Significant Impact on Planning of WBB Technologies
10 • Financial affordability
7 • Spectrum availability
6 • Infrastructure (ie backhaul, network services etc)
5 • Technology Trends
5 • Population/Demographics
4 • Geographical features
3 • Political will
Out of the 24 respondents, 42% stated financial affordability, 29% stated spectrum availability and 25% stated infrastructure as the most common factor.
Country Demographics Most of the countries of responders have relatively even spread populations with remote dwellers comprised of between 0 to 20 percent of their country’s population. This emphasize the value of WBB in providing wireless solutions in rural and isolated areas.
Percentage of Population
Dwellers 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-90 90-100 Total
Major City /
Urban
22 45 11 6 3 14 100
Regional 50 50 0 0 0 0 100
Rural 46 30 15 0 8 0 100
Remote 88 8 0 4 0 0 100
Technologies Used To Provide Broadband Services
Fibre was indicated as being used by nearly all of the respondents surveyed. It must be assumed this includes both access and backhaul networks. 1 out of 8 respondents indicated they were using LTE which seems high given the global state of LTE deployment. Technology Percent of Respondents that use
Fibre 97
xDSL 86
Satellite 59
WiMAX 59
IMT 2000 Global 3G Standard 21
LTE 14
Power Line 7
Cable (other) 7
Hybrid Fibre Coaxial 3
There is a strong preference in favour of WBB centric (53%) or technology neutral broadband policies (42%). Less than 5% preferred fixed broadband. In addition, respondents considered that government policy instruments were more neutral in their approach. The following illustrates Government’s broadband technology preference in relation to policy instruments:
Policy Instrument Pro-Fixed (%) Neutral (%) Pro-Wireless (%)
Promotes Technology 0 36 64
Involved in Market 9 36 55
Funds R&D 9 55 36
Restricts Competition 0 67 33
Funds Private Sector
Initiatives
10 60 30
Provides Educational
Initiatives
9 73 18
Price Controls 0 91 9
Restrictive License
Conditions
0 100 0
Preference for Particular Broadband Technology
Government Support for WBB Rollout
A substantial majority of the 14 respondents considered their Government is actively supporting deployment and rollout of WBB. The nature of the support is illustrated below:
Barriers and National Broadband Plans
More than 71% of responses identified lack of skills, poor infrastructure and prohibitive set-up costs as the major barriers to wireless broadband adoption. Over 95% of respondents stated that their Government was actively pursuing policies to facilitate adoption of broadband services. More than 50% indicated that had already resulted in their Government developing specific national broadband plan. Only 3 respondents stated the national broadband plan contained specific wireless policies.
Government Policies Encouraging BB Adoption
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Encouraging entry of new operators
Encouraging access to bottleneck facilities
Adoption of NBN Plan
Implementing a NBN
Encouraging / subsidising wired and wireless
infrastructure
Providing tax incentives
Education programs
Establishing WiFi hotspots
Not pursuing policies
Response Count
Pricing and Demand for WBB Services
Pricing of WBB Services 55% of 20 responses indicated they perceive their WBB prices to be comparable to international pricing benchmarks. Certain operators in the markets were offering subscribers unlimited usage plans, via fixed monthly charges or fair usage rules. Nearly 70% of 19 responses stated data unit (per MB/GB) are the most popular pricing plans for WBB. Time units are preferred in some cases.
Demand for WBB Services Majority of 20 respondents stated business demand for WBB in urban areas was either high or very high. 50% revealed demand for WBB in rural areas was low or very low. Similar results for residential demand for WBB.
Usage/Projected Future Usage of Technologies
2G services are still the most popular while satellite and 4G services enjoy limited penetration. This is illustrated below:
Order of Importance (1 = highest)
Tech-
nology
1 2 3 4 5 Total Re-
sponses
2G /
EDGE
63% 21% 11% 0 5% 100% 19
3G
WCDMA
(inc
HSDPA,
HSPA(+)
etc
36% 46% 18% 0 0 100% 11
CDMA
(etc)
11% 67% 22% 0 0 100% 9
WiMAX 43% 14% 29% 7% 7% 100% 14
LTE 33% 33% 33% 100% 3
Satellite 46% 18% 18% 18% 0 100% 11
Others 0 0 100% 0 0 100% 2
Applications/Services
7 out of 10 responses listed “spam” as the top internet security threat.
Over the next 12 months, credit card/debit card fraud would increase in threat security.
90% of respondents listed funding concerns, followed by difficulties of keeping up with technology and the burdens associated with ongoing support as biggest obstacles in addressing security needs from internet usage.
60% of 10 respondents consider Internet security threats will increase with WBB.
39
Project Methodology
1. Surve
y
2. Select
Pilot Country
3. Field
Mission
4. Stakeholder Interviews
5. Regional Workshop
6. Finalise WBM Plan
• Master Plan for four countries will be released in Q2, 2012
• Participation in International Training Programme 2-4 April Hyderabad India
Carry out interviews with
MOIC, NTA, operators, and
other users
Examine relevant policy and
regulatory documents
Conduct one day workshop to
share views with the
stakeholders and build
capacity
Organize Regional Workshop
on WBBMP
Prepare Draft Wireless
Broadband Master Plan
ITU-Nepal : Areas of Cooperation
Analogue to DTTB Migration (2012)
ICT for Persons with Disabilities ( 2012)
CIRT Assessment for Nepal (2012)
Regulatory Guidelines on Broadband by Universal Service (2011)
Assessment Report on Stimulating Broadband in ABBMN (2011)
Introduction of m-Health Services (2011)
Nationwide IPTV Services for Nepal Telecom
IP CDMA Planning for Nepal Telecom
Recommendations on QoS Enhancement & New Services for NT
Development and Deployment of e-Health Nepal (2008-2009)
41
Looking Forward to
Interactive knowledge sharing
To gain insights in effective policy/
regulatory and technical issues of
Wireless Broadband
For inclusive & sustainable
Development of ICT
In Nepal !
ITU : http://www.itu.int
ITU Asia Pacific : http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/index.asp
I
Thank
U