WISUTIL - Main findings on

working conditions WISUTIL conference,

Vienna, Austria 26-27 September2011

Maarten van Klaveren (AIAS) Kea Tijdens (AIAS)

• Survey questions on occupation– Search tree to identify occupation from a list of common

occupations in energy, water and waste– In the report, these occupations are clustered in 3 groups:

(1) managers, professionals and technicians; (2) clerical staff and sales persons; (3) craft workers, operators and unskilled workers

• Survey questions on skills– Survey question on highest educational attainment– Survey question on over- and under-qualification

Occupation and skill measurement

26 September 2011 2

– managers, professionals and technicians (red)-> all countries at least 5 in 10, in Denmark, Finland, Netherl.: 3 in 10

– clerical staff, sales persons (green) -> all countries: 1 to 2 in 10

– craft workers, operators and unskilled workers (pink) -> all countries: 2 to 3 in 10, in Denmark and Finland: 5 in 10

Occupational groups (distribution)

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0%20%40%60%80%

100%Craft workers, operators, unskilled workers

Clerical staff, sales persons

Managers, professionals, technicians

Occ missing

– high educated (green) -> all countries: 4/6 in 10-> Denmark, Finland, Germany: 2 in 10

– low educated (blue) -> all countries 1 in 10 -> Denmark, Germany: 4 in 10, Finland, Netherlands: 3 in 10

– Note: ISCED classification covers vocational training poorly

Educational groups (distribution)

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Belg

ium

Czech

Rep

u...

Denm

ark

Finl

and

Fran

ce

Germ

any

Hunga

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Nethe

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s

Pola

nd

Spai

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Swed

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Unite

d Ki

n...

0%20%40%60%80%

100%High education

Middle education

Low education

– overqualified (green) -> all countries: 2 in 10, in Finland, Spain, and United Kingdom: 3 in 10

– rightly qualified (red) -> all countries at least 7 to 8 in 10– underqualified (blue)

-> all countries: 1 in 20, in Belgium, Denmark, Italy and Netherl.: 1 in 10

Right education level?

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Belg

ium

Czech

Rep

ublic

Denm

ark

Finl

and

Fran

ce

Germ

any

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ryIta

ly

Nethe

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Pola

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Unite

d Ki

ngdo

m0%

20%40%60%80%

100%Overqualified

Rightly qualified

Underqualified

• Training in energy, water and waste (jointly)– overall (pink) 5 to 8 in 10 has received training– occ. group (1) (blue) received most training in all countries

except Italy– occ. group (2) (red) 5 to 7 in 10 workers received training

-> Spain only 4 in 10; United Kingdom even 8 in 10– occ. group (3) (green) 5 to 7 in 10 workers received training

-> Hungary 4 in 10

Training from employer last year?

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0%20%40%60%80%

100%Managers, professionals, technicians

Clerical staff, sales persons

Craft workers, operators, unskilled workers

All

– overall (pink) 4 / 6 in 10 has been promoted, Poland not sufficient data

– occ. group (1) (blue) 4 / 6 in 10 in all countries– occ. group (2) (red) 4 / 7 in 10 in all countries – occ. group (3) (green) 4 / 7 in 10 in all countries, -> Denmark 3

in 10

Promoted in current firm?

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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%Managers, professionals, technicians

Clerical staff, sales persons

Craft workers, operators, unskilled workers

All

– measure: ‘worries never’ (=1) about job security to ‘worries daily’ (=5)

– ‘worries daily’ (black) is approx.1 in 10 in all countries-> in Italy 2 in 10; in Denmark and Sweden 1 in 20

– ‘worries never’ (blue) is 2 / 3 in 10 in all countries-> in UK 1 in 10; in Germany and Netherlands higher than 3 in 10

– average worries - level highest in UK (3.0), followed by Hungary (2.8)lowest in Sweden and Germany (2.2)

Job security

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Belgium

Czech

Republic

Denmark

Finlan

d

France

German

y

Hungary

Italy

Netherla

nds

Poland

Spain

Sweden

United Kingd

om0%

20%40%60%80%

100%

Daily432Never

• Survey questions on working hours:– ‘How many hours per week do you work under the terms of

your labour contract?’– ‘Do you usually work the number of hours laid down in your

contract’– If no: ‘How many hours per week do you usually work?’– Workers without labour contract or without agreed hours are

only asked about their usual hours

Working hours measurement

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– 1-32 hrs -> Finland and Netherlands 1 in 10, other countries less (black)

– 32-36 hrs -> France 3 in 10, other countries less than 1 in 10 (red)

– 36-40 hrs -> most common pattern in all countries (green)– 40-44 hrs -> Germany 2 in 10, other countries less than 1 in 10

(pink)– 44 and more -> Germany 3 in 10 , other countries less than 2 in

10 (blue)

Length working week (distribution)

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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%44.1 hrs/w and over

40.1-44 hrs/w

36.1-40 hrs/w

32.1-36 hrs/w

0-32 hrs/w

– usual working hours longest in waste in all countries (blue) but not in France, Hungary, Italy and Spain

– usual working hours shortest in water in all countries (red) but not in France, Hungary, Italy and Spain

– usual working hours in between in energy (green)not in Belgium, Finland, France, Hungary, Poland, Spain, and Sweden

Usual hours in energy, water, waste

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Belgium

Czech

Rep

ublic

Denm

ark

Finlan

d

Fran

ce

Germ

any

Hunga

ryIta

ly

Nethe

rland

s

Poland

Spain

Swed

en

Unite

d Ki

ngdo

m34

36

38

40

42

44Energy

Water

Waste

All

– percentages workers reporting usually working more hours than agreed-> France: 6 in 10 (effect of 35 hours’ working week)-> Germany: 5 in 10-> Finland and Poland: little overtime

– in the sub-sectors: in half of the countries overtime most frequent occurs in waste (green), whereas it occurs least frequent in water (red)

Overtime in energy, water, waste

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Belg

ium

Czech

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ublic

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Unite

d Ki

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m0%

20%

40%

60%

80%Energy

Water

Waste

All

– percentages workers reporting working shifts or irregular hours-> France: 6 in 10-> Italy: 5 in 10-> Hungary, Netherlands, Poland: 4 in 10-> other countries: 3 in 10 or 2 in 10

– across sub-sectors, shift or irregular hours do not largely differ

Shifts in energy, water, waste

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Belg

ium

Czech

Rep

ublic

Denm

ark

Finl

and

Fran

ce

Germ

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Hunga

ryIta

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Nethe

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Spai

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Swed

en

Unite

d Ki

ngdo

m0%

20%

40%

60%

80%Energy

Water

Waste

All

– percentages workers reporting working shifts or irregular hours-> France: 6 in 10-> Italy: 5 in 10-> Hungary, Netherlands, Poland: 4 in 10-> other countries: 3 in 10 or 2 in 10

– across sub-sectors, shift or irregular hours do not largely differ

Shifts in energy, water, waste

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Belg

ium

Czech

Rep

ublic

Denm

ark

Finl

and

Germ

any

Spai

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Swed

en

Unite

d Ki

ngdo

m0%

20%

40%Energy

Water

Waste

All

Thank you for listening!

• Comments invited• m.vanklaveren@uva.nl• k.g.tijdens@uva.nl

The end

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