women entrepreneurship in nepal
TRANSCRIPT
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Women Entrepreneurship in
Nepal
Sudeep Parajuli
MBA 3rdSem
Novel Academy
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Introduction
The term Entrepreneur has been defined as
anyone who undertakes the organization and
management of an enterprise involving
innovativeness, risk and independence, as well
as opportunity for profit- Timmons and Spinelli
(2006)
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Women Entrepreneurship in
NepalOf the total population in Nepal (approximately27 million), over 51 per cent are female, yet thenumber of women entrepreneurs is estimated at30,000 (0.12 per cent).
It is difficult to estimate the current number ofwomen entrepreneurs in Nepal, due to absenceof up-to-date statistics and gender disaggregateddata
The statistics do not reveal who actually controlsand runs womens businesses: even thoughwomen may be officially registered as owners ofa business, in frequent cases it is the husband orfather who is operating the business
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Although women entrepreneurs have alwaysbeen common in some ethnic groups, espicially
in Newar, Sherpa and gurung communities, the
idea of women in business has only recently
become more common across the country
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Womens motivations to become
entrepreneurIt is particularly challenging to become anentrepreneur in developing countries, where
women are traditionally regarded as caretakers
of the family, and tends to be the most
improvised in terms of education and financialcapital.
The very fact that women are limited due to lack
of these opportunities gives them a strongincentive to create their own work environments;
to circumvent poverty, and gain confidence,
courage, and independence.
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Access to finance and respect
Access to financial support is critical forsuccessful entrepreneurship for both men andwomen
Collateral, almost always land, is a necessity toobtain a loan from a bank and other lendinginstitutions
From 2007, provisions were made whereby the
law and bylaws stipulate equal rights for bothdaughters and sons to the family property frombirth, without restrictions after marriage. Butbecause of deeply embedded cultural beliefs,daughters are only very rarely given a deed tofamily land, and after marriage they are, in mostcases, not considered at all.
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This inability to furnish collateral due to culturaltradition severely limits their capacity to start theirown business as self-reliant, risk-takingentrepreneurs
Even though daughters have been awardedequal property rights by law, they seldom haveopportunities to exercise the rights, especiallyonce theyre married. In my situation, as a widowtrying to start my business, I had no property
rights from either my own family or my latehusbands family, so Ive had a very hard time tofinance my own business - Aruna, owner of apaper-recycling cottage industry
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It is reported that irrespective of sector orlocation, women in Nepal generally start
business with only one-third the capital available
to men, because of the difficulties women have in
acquiring credit
Though women stated self-reliance and
independence as motivators for venturing out
their own, in the end they have to rely on thesecurities of others to raise their basic capital
requirements
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Aneeta, who owns a small plot in KathmanduValley where she grows vegetables for sale in the
markets in Kathmandu, was sure she could
arrange a loan for herself. But even after
presenting the deed to her land, she was stillasked to appear with her husband.
The bank person discussed this loan with my
husband, hardly included me in the conversation,
and in the end, my husband was the one who
signed the document for my loan. This was really
degrading for me
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Access to formal education
Although womens education and training has
been given priority over the past decade or more
in Nepal, womens literacy remains far below that
of men
The national literacy rate for women is estimated
at 60 percent. It is 80 percent for men
The lack of literacy restricts womens access to
opportunities, limits their abilities to negotiate the
bureaucracies of finance and government, and
often prevents them from effectively voicing theiropinions
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Expanding skills training and
managementIn Nepal, while there are many governmentprogramme- as well as national and internationalNGOs- conducting skills training for women(particularly in rural areas), specific business
management and technical training is not widelyaccessible in either rural or urban settings
Several of the women operating manufacturingbusinesses say that they had only the most basictraining on how to operate the machines for theirbusiness, but they received no training on how torepair the machines, how to mange their staffeffectively, or how to market their goods
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Developing entrepreneur
networking for womenThe ability of women to develop and expand their
business is dependent on financial support and
opportunities to get information about new
markets, suppliers, technology and costs
Women often conduct business within their
comfort zone, dealing with family, friends, and
business people they already know
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With increasing market liberalization andcompetition internally and from abroad, it is
becoming critical that women entrepreneurs are
exposed to a variety of networking systems
While there are already several formal womens
business organizations and informal networking
communities, such as WEAN, supporting each
other, womens business networks are still notwell represented in the various professional
business associations in Nepal
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Providing greater visibility for
women entrepreneursTo bring up rapid visibility in terms of equalparticipation and leadership of the business
sector, it is imperative for government agencies,
private organizations, and women entrepreneurs
themselves, to identify the ways womenentrepreneurs can be more visible
The government should ensure women are in
senior positions at the Ministry of Industry,Commerce and Services, the Ministry of Women,
Children and Welfare, and in other ministerial
departments
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THANK YOU