women on board - the state of art of quotas regulation in europe

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Women on Board The state of art of quotas regula4on in Europe Isabella Lenarduzzi

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Page 1: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Women  on  Board  The  state  of  art  of  quotas  regula4on  

in  Europe    

Isabella  Lenarduzzi  

Page 2: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

JUMP        www.jump.eu.com  

•  JUMP  offers  women  prac4cal  tools  to  help  them  realise  their  professional  and  personal  aspira4ons  

•  JUMP  supports  companies  and  organisa4ons  that  wish  to  promote  beEer  gender  diversity  within  their  management.  

Page 3: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

The  gender  Diversity  Ecosystem  by  McKinsey  and  the  correspondent  JUMP  ini4a4ves    

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European  figures  

S4ll  a  long  way  to  go!  

Page 5: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

             Women  in  execu+ve  commi-ees  (2011)  

Page 6: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Women  on  boards  W

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Women  on  boards  W

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Women  on  boards  W

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Women  on  boards  W

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Women  on  boards  W

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Ac4ons  promoted  by  governments  

“The  quota  law  has  opened  boardrooms  to  an  extent  that  we’ve  never  seen  before,”    Mari  Teigen,  research  director,  Norwegian  Ins4tute  for  Social  Research        

Page 13: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Overview  of  measures  in  place  

Page 14: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Norway  

• Norway  was  the  first  country  in  the  world  to  implement  board  quotas    •   Numbers  of  women  on  corporate  boards  have  risen  from  only  6%  in  2002  to  over  44%  today.    •   "By  not  u(lising  the  full  talent  pool  I  knew  Norway  as  a  na(on  was  missing  out.  My  ambi(on  as  a  Minister  was  to  force  companies  to  rethink  their  board  recrui:ng  prac:ces.  I  believe  we  succeeded,"  Ansgar  Gabrielsen  (Former  Minister  of  Trade)    • “We  have  invested  billions  educa(ng  our  daughters  as  much  as  our  sons,”  Gabrielsen  said.  “Their  ongoing  exclusion  from  corporate  boards,  which  are  an  important  part  of  our  society  just  doesn’t  make  economic  sense”  

Page 15: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Norway,  the  law  

•  The  law  demands  that  public  shareholder-­‐owned  corpora4ons  (called  ASAs  in  Norway)  must  have  an  average  of  at  least  40%  women  and  40%  men  on  their  boards  or  face  dissolu+on.    

•  The  law  came  into  force  in  2008  and  related  to  7,000  seats  on  boards.  The  compulsory  percentage  of  gender  diversity  varies  according  to  the  number  of  seats  concerned:  1  in  2  or  3  seats;  38%  of  8  seats;  and  40%  of  more  than  8  seats.  

Page 16: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Norway,  the  results  •  Posi+on:  Only  3%  of  chairs  are  held  by  women.  •  Age:  Women  are  younger  than  men  on  boards.  The  majority  are  

less  than  50.  The  older  men  on  boards  were  not  replaced  by  women  but  when  recrui4ng  new  members  they  recruted  women.    

•  Educa+on:  Women  tend  to  be  beEer  educated  than  men.  There  are  fewer  of  them  with  science  and  technology  degrees  but  more  with  law  degrees.    

•  Experience:  More  women  than  men  are  managers  in  companies  or  come  from  academia  but  more  men  than  women  are  business  owners.  

•  Recruitment:  Women  were  recruited  in  the  same  manner  as  men,  mostly  through  professional  networks.  The  phenomena  of  the  concentra4on  of  power  and  the  so-­‐called  “golden  skirts”,  which  defines  a  number  of  women  who  serve  on  several  different  boards  at  the  same  4me,  is  a  very  common  idea.  The  research  proved  that  golden  skirts  was  a  men’s  wear  with  62%  holding  only  one  board  posi4on  instead  of  79%  of  Women!  

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Norway,  the  results  

•  The  more  visible  and  skilled  the  women  the  more  advantages  they  had.  For  example,  as  the  research  suggests,  these  women  always  choose  the  biggest  companies.  

•  Sixty  percent  of  male  board  members  said  there  had  been  no  major  changes  to  board  opera+ons  since  the  law  took  effect  but  there  were  some  improvements:  “more  discussions”  and  “new  perspec+ves”.  

•  Several  top  Norwegian  business  leaders  said  they  were  “opposed  in  principle”  to  quotas  and  s4ll  are,  but  believed  the  law  has  been  effec4ve.  Fears  of  not  finding  enough  qualified  women  to  fill  board  seats  proved  unfounded.  “I’m  in  principle  against  quotas,”  said  Harald  Norvik,  chairman  of  Telenor  and  former  CEO  of  Statoil.  “But  I’m  happy  with  the  result,”  he  added.  

Page 18: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Norway,  the  results  

Adverse  consequences  •  Since  the  law  on  quota,  the  number  of  public-­‐listed  companies  has  fallen.  The  research  highlighted  that  33%  of  companies  choosing  not  to  list  on  the  stock  exchange  did  so  to  evade  the  quota  regula4on.  

•  Since  the  law  was  enforced,  there  has  been  no  further  debate  on  gender  diversity  in  Norway  but  the  balance  is  s4ll  far  off:  the  quota  law  did  not  change  the  number  of  women  CEOs  (2%)  or  their  presence  in  the  Execu4ve  CommiEee  (10%).  The  private  limited  companies  that  didn’t  have  to  comply  with  the  law  saw  an  increase  of  women  on  their  boards  from  15%  in  2004  to  17%  in  2009!    

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France,  the  law  

•  Law  adopted  in  January  2011  •  2014    to  get  to  20%  and  2018    to  get  to  40%  of  women  

•  To  be  applied  to  large  listed  companies  with  more  than  500  employees  and  more  than  50  million  €  revenues  

•  Penalty:  no  validity  of  board  decisions  •  First  results  :  from  8%  in  2008  to  22%  in  2012  

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Belgium,  the  law  

• Law  adopted  30  June  2011  • 30%  to  be  reached  for  each  sex  in  …    -­‐  One  year  for  public  owned          companies  -­‐  Six  years  for  listed  companies  -­‐  Eight  years  for  SMEs  • Penalty  :  no  revenues  of  any  kind  for  board  members  

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Ini4a4ves  

With  the  legisla4on  on  equality  in  Belgium,  the  propor4on  of  women  in  parliaments  has  risen  more  than  20%  in  ten  years  

Page 22: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Italy,  the  law  

•   The  law  was  adopted  on  the  29th  of  June  2011  •   Objec4ve  :  20%    from  2012  and  33%  from  2015  •   Only  for  listed  companies  •   Penalty  :  several  steps  from  warning  to  financial  sanc4on  (up  to  1  million€)  and  decay  from  boards    

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Netherlands,  the  law  

•   The  law  was  adopted  in  May  2011  •   First  to  be  implemented  in  both  boards  and  exec  –  30%  of  women  •   Validity  of  3  years  (2012  –  2015)!  •   No  penalty  –  only  explana4on  of  efforts    undertaken  

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Spain,  the  law  

•  Law  adopted  in  2007  •  Objec4ve  of  40%  of  each  sex  by  2015  •  No  penalty  –  but  taken  into  account  for  public  subsidies  or  state  administra4on  contract  

•  Results:  4%  in  2006  to  11%  in  2010  

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The  European  Commission  

•  14%  of  board  members  at  Europe’s  top  firms  are  women,  up  from  11.8%  in  2010.  

•  «Ce  qui  compte  pour  moi,  c’est  le  résultat.  Mon  objec+f  est  de  porter  la  présence  des  femmes  au  sein  des  conseils  d’entreprises  des  principales  sociétés  cotées  en  bourse  en  Europe  à  30  %  d’ici  à  2015  et  à  40  %  d’ici  à  2020.»  

•  Failure  of  the  charter  for  corporate  commitment  •  9  countries  are  opposed  to  the  ini4a4ve  (UK  and  Nl)  +  Germany  

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Conclusions  (2)  

5.  Mid-­‐term  targets  help  to  meet  long-­‐term  goals  

6.  Progress  towards  equal  representa4on  for  women  and  men  is  slower  for  execu4ve  board  posi4ons  

7.  Quota  legisla4on  does  not  increase  the  number  of  female  CEOs  

8.  Awareness  raising  and  promo4ng  women  help  reaching  targets  

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Conclusions  

1.  Interven4on  makes  a  difference  in  progressing  towards  equality  on  boards  

2.  Self  regula4on  builds  ground  for  legisla4on  3.  Quota  legisla4on  is  most  effec4ve  when  

endorsed  by  sanc4ons  4.  Effec4ve  self-­‐regula4on  requires  targets,  

deadlines  and  state-­‐endorsed  monitoring  

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Quotas  are  not  a  scandal  –  what  is  a  shame  is  that  we  need  it!  

Page 29: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Conclusion  

Women’s  energy  and  talent  are  the  most  untapped  renewable  sources  

of  energy  in  the  world!  

Page 30: Women on Board - The state of art of quotas regulation in Europe

Isabella  Lenarduzzi  Founder  and  Managing  Director  of  JUMP  [email protected]        +32  3  346  32  00  [email protected]    jump.eu.com    

www.jump.eu.com