Furniture finishing Wood Finishing Terms

Glossary of WOOD FINISHING Terms

Adhesion: - The property causing one material to stick to another.Barrier Coat: - A coat applied which separates the substrate from contact with the topcoats.Bleeding: - When a dye or color absorbs through to the top layer.This is due to a common solvency of the topcoat and the dye.Bloom: - A bluish haze of a film usually caused by insufficient drying time of the oil stain before topcoating.Blushing: - A white, milky cast in a film which is caused by trapping moisture into the film.Blushing can be prevented and eliminated by slowing down the drying of the coating by adding a blush retarder.Blush Retarder: - A reducer with slower drying properties.Body: - The thickness of viscosity of the coating while in liquid form.Bond: - The adhesion of or ability of two items to stick to one another.Bridge: - When a finish forms a layer over a crack or void.Burn-in: - Method of filling a defect in wood using a hot knife and a Burn -In Stick of resin or shellac.Coat: - The act of applying a coating to a surface.Coating: - Any material applied to a surface leaving a protective layer on that surface. e.g. lacquer, polyurethane,vinyl, acrylic, butyrate, Danish or drying oils, and shellac are all types of coatings.Cold Checking: - the cracking of a finish due to exposure to cold temperatures.Crawling: - When a coating applied tends to flow away from areas leaving them uncoated.This is usually caused by grease or oil contamination of the surface to be coated.De laminate: - The separation of layers due to lack of intercoat or substrate adhesion.Distressing: - Fly speck spotting (and/or other age marks) in the finished surface or on the substrate.Dye: - A coloring material that dissolves completely in a system very transparent.Dry Hard: - The elapsed time at which a coating has reached its optimum hardnessFading: - The loss of color due to exposure to sunlight.Fast to Light: - A color which is not significantly affected by exposure to sunlight.Fish Eye: - Pock marks or craters that show up on finished surface when silicone is present.Flash or Flash-Off: - The point at which a sprayed coating stops flowing or leveling, premature flash causesorange-peel when the atomized droplets do not flow into a completely flat and even film.Flash-Off Control Solvent: An addative that extends the wet time or "flash" of a sprayed or brushed coating.Flash Point (Flamability): - The temperature at which a material will ignite when

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Furniture finishing Wood Finishing Terms

exposed to a source of ignition.Flood: - The act of very heavily applying a coating to the substrate.Flow: - The fluid sheeting and leveling of a coating.French Polish: - A shellac base coating which is applied by manually "padding" it onto the surface.Glaze: - An oil based pigmented treatment which is applied between lacquer coats to accent or give a grained effect.Gloss or Sheen: - The shininess or reflectability of a surface.Holiday: - An uncoated area of a coated surface usually missed unintentionally.Incompatible: - Used in reference to coatings and/or stains which are not capable of being mixed with one another.Leveling: - The act of applying a coat which will smooth out a previously rough (orange peeled) coat.Lifting: - The softening and repenetration of a previous coat resulting in anything from an "orange peel"to a "stripping" effect. This is usually caused by applying strong solvented coating over a curing type coating(curing type coating would be catalytic lacquer, urethane lacquer, polyurethane and enamels.)Non-Volatile: - The solid material which is left after total solvent evaporation.Nitrocellulose: - The primary resin material used in making lacquer.Opaque / Opacity: - The degree of hiding of a pigmented coating. The opposite of transparent.Orange Peel: - A rough surface of a film similar in appearance to the skin of an orange.This is usually caused by spraying in high heat, draft or a material that is too thick or heavy in viscosity.Pigment: - A finely ground, insoluble powder which contributes color to a coating - usually very color fast.Pinholeing: - The appearance of numerous small holes in a film, usually caused by bubblesdue to high heat drying of the coating.Primer: - A coating which is first applied to a bare surface.Reducer / Thinner: - To add solvent in order to thin a material to a workable thickness (viscosity).Sanding Sealer: - A lacquer or other coating formulated to give better filling and sandability than the topcoat products.Substrate: - The surface or material to be coated.Transparent: - Clear enough to see through.Translucent: - Allows light to pass through but not clear enough to see through.Viscosity: - The thickness of a coating material in its liquid form.Volatile: - The solvent portion of a coating.Washcoat: - Very thin coat of shellac or sanding sealer or coating.Water White: - A term used to describe the color of a coating in its liquid form.(Water white -- meaning as clear and colorless as drinking water.)

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