workers’ compensation systems – international experience münchener rück munich re group munich...
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Workers’ Compensation Systems – International Experience
Münchener RückMunich Re Group
Munich Re Group
defined by law
– accidents – diseases
related to work
Loss eventprovided throughthe employer’sliability insurance
under specialcircumstancescompensation forpain and suffering
top ups, add onsdefined by in-surance companies
defined by law
benefits in kindmedical treatment,Medicaments, rehab., etc.)
Benefits in cash One-off payment,Pensions
1. Definition of Workers’ Compensation
CoverageCoverage
Benefits Additional benefits
Organizational basisOrganizational basis
2. Characterization of workplace compensation in European countries and USA
FranceGermanyItalySpain
Commuting Commuting AccidentsAccidents
Inclusion of Inclusion of occupational occupational
diseasesdiseases
Monopolistic/PublicMonopolistic/PublicMonopolistic/PublicMonopolistic/Public
BelgiumDenmarkFinlandNorwayPortugal
Inclusion of Inclusion of occupational occupational
diseasesdiseases
Commuting Commuting AccidentsAccidents
Competitive/PrivateCompetitive/PrivateCompetitive/PrivateCompetitive/Private
USA
Predominantly WC benefitsPredominantly WC benefitsPredominantly WC benefitsPredominantly WC benefits Dual benefits (WC+EL)Dual benefits (WC+EL)Dual benefits (WC+EL)Dual benefits (WC+EL)
–Germany–Italy
–Belgium–Denmark–Finland–Norway
–France“faute inexcusable”
– Spain1995 Law
– UKParallel by definition >EL
USA: “Exclusive remedy”USA: “Exclusive remedy”
Organizational basisOrganizational basis
2. Characterization of workplace compensation in European countries and USA
Country Population in millions
Working population in millions
Premium volume in million €
Per capita premium in €
As a % of the payroll
Belgium 10.2 4.0 956.0 239 0.42%/2.67%** Finland 5.2 2.3 466.0 203 1.2% France 59.3 22.7 7,514.0 331 2.19%* Germany 82.2 36.1 8,641.0 239 1.31% Italy 57.7 20.6 6,580.0 319 0.7% Norway 4.5 2.3 191.1 83 n/a Portugal 10.0 4.8 690.0 144 3%*** USA 274.0 135.2 24,800 183 n/a
Premium levelPremium level
* except commuting accidents
** salaried employees/wage earners, excepting commuting accidents and occupational diseases
*** except commuting accidents
Source: Rating Systems An international comparison of workers’ compensation insurance. MunichRe 2003.
2. Characterization of workplace compensation in European countries and USA
Different basis
EfficiencyEfficiencyPrevention efficiency:development of fatal accident rates
European health for all database
– Differing definitions
– Changes in national accounting systems
– Efforts/failures to reduce underreporting
– Differing population groups
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
France Germany Italy
Spain United Kingdom
Deaths due to work-related accidents/100,000
2. Characterization of workplace compensation in European countries and USA
European health for all database
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001
–France –Germany –Italy
–Spain –United Kingdom
Occupational diseases incidence per 100,000
Insurability of occupational diseasesInsurability of occupational diseases
2. Characterization of workplace compensation in European countries and USA
“Traditional”e.g. metal poisoning, dermatitis, vibration diseases
Long latency, multi-causality, diseases induced by new technology, mobile and flexible work force, leading to a difficult assignment of responsibilities of employers and insurers for occupational diseases claims
Easy/clear attributionEasy/clear attribution Complex attributionComplex attribution
Insurable within a private/competitive
setting
Insurable within a private/competitive
settingCentral fund
solutionCentral fund
solution
Insurability of occupational diseasesInsurability of occupational diseases
2. Characterization of workplace compensation in European countries and USA