working with the deaf & hard of hearing community
TRANSCRIPT
Working with the Deaf & Hard of
Hearing Community
Introduction
Brittany HoffTravel Trainer, MTM, Inc. Washington, DC
What Will We Talk About Today?
Deaf (Self) Identity Deaf History & Culture Interpreters &
Communication Travel Training Situations Questions
Deaf (Self) Identity
Key Terms
Deaf• A cultural identity: “Deaf
Culture,” “Deafhood,” etc.• A person could have any
degree of hearing loss deaf
• An audio logical/medical term used to describe a severe to profound degree of hearing loss
Hard of hearing • An audio logical/medical term
used to describe a moderate to mild degree of hearing loss
• May or may not identify with Deaf Culture
Oral deaf• An individual who only
communicates by reading lips• Often does not identify with
Deaf Culture
Key Terms
Late-deafened • An individual who becomes
deaf after childhood• Often does not identify with
Deaf Culture Deaf-blind/low vision (LV)• An individual who is Deaf &
blind/LV• May identify with Deaf, Deaf-
Blind/LV, or Blind Cultures
Hearing• A term used to describe
those who are not D/deaf Hearing impaired• Audio logical term/medical
label • Generally avoided as it
implies disadvantage & negativity
Deaf Culture
What is Deaf Culture?
Shared language Oppression (audism) Political agendas Experiences Behavioral norms Values & traditions
Deaf History
1817First deaf school founded in US in CT; other states quickly followed
1864 Gallaudet College
established
1870s Alexander Graham
Bell, oralism,
“Dark Ages”
1880s Milan
Conference, NAD
founded
1910s-50s Employment boom
1960sFirst ASL dictionary, deaf theatre, clubs,
community, TTY invented
1960s-70s Mainstreaming/
manually coded English
systems
1970s - 80s Access Legislation
Interpreters +/- impacts
1817 1980s
1972RID established
d
1988Deaf President Now Protest, Deaf Way
1990
1995Cochlear Implants
available for those age two &
over
1993 IDEA identifies Deaf Schools
as “most” restrictive
1995 Miss
America
1986
1980s 1990s
1980s Captioning
widespread, linguistic research
grows
1988 Marlee Matlin
wins best actress
2
2000s Handheld devices, video phones/
video relay service
2000s
2010s
2010s Deaf schools
struggling2006
Over 30,000 cochlear implants worldwide,
controversy continues to grow
Late 2000sVPs & Interpreters
common in workplaces
2010s Technology!
Mobile VP/VRS, social media, YouTube, etc.
Early 2010s Interpreters in
the news: fake interp. at
Mandela funeral,performing on
Fallon
2011 ABC Family’s Switched at
Birth
Interpreters & Communication
What is Sign Language Interpreting?
According to the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, Sign Language interpreting: • Makes communication possible between people who are
deaf/hard of hearing & people who can hear• Is a complex process that requires a high degree of linguistic,
cognitive & technical skills in English & ASL• Is more than replacing spoken English with a signed depiction of
the word• Has grammatical rules, sentence structure & cultural nuances• Can incorporate cultural information
When Should You Use an Interpreter?
The individual requests an interpreter
Signing papers Completing
assessments Travel training sessions
Communication Tips
Eye contact & facial expressions
Body position Allow extra, extra time Turn taking Visual, visual, visual Written English
What is a Qualified Interpreter?
Required under the law (504, ADA, IDEA)
Bi-lingual Pass rigorous testing
procedures Interpret concepts &
meaning, not words
Held to a professional code of conduct• Confidentiality• Professionalism (message
equivalency)• Conduct• Respect for consumers• Respect for the profession• Business practices• Professional development
Qualified Interpreters are NOT
Helpers Secretaries Bookkeepers Personal care attendants Teacher’s aids Travel trainers
How to Request an Interpreter
RID Independent living center Interpreter agency Transportation agency
RememberWho. What. When.
Where. Why.
More Details = Better
Travel Training Situations
Questions?
Resources
ASLwww.lifeprint.comwww.aslpro.comhttp://www.handspeak.comwww.gallaudet.edu
Interpreterswww.rid.org
General Information/Advocacywww.nad.orghttp://nationaldb.orgwww.wfdeaf.orghttp://hearingloss.org
Publishershttp://gupress.gallaudet.eduhttp://www.dawnsign.comhttp://www.signmedia.com
Resources
Films & TV ShowsThrough Deaf Eyes (PBS Film) Joel Barish No Barrierswww.joeybaer.comSwitched at Birth (ABC Family)
Deaf Newswww.deafworld.comwww.ideafnews.comwww.deafnewstoday.comwww.deafnation.com
References
Fox, M. (2007). Talking hands: What sign language reveals about the mind. New York, NY: Simon & Shuste, Inc.
Garey , D., & L. Hott (directors), K. Chowder (writer). Through deaf eyes. PBS short film.
Groce, N. E. (1985). Everyone here spoke sign language: Hereditary deafness on Martha’s Vineyard. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lane, H., R. Pillard, & U. Hedberg (2011). The people of the eye: Deaf ethnicity and ancestry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
References Lane, H., R. Hoffmeister, & B. Bahan (1996). A journey into the deaf-world.
San Diego, CA: Dawn Sign Press. Novak, J. (2010). Deaf community and interpreters Presentation
[PowerPoint Slides]. Novak, J. (2014). A timeline of impactful events in deaf history. Unpublished
document. Novak, J. (2015). Personal Interview , July 15, 2015. Sacks, O. (2000). Seeing voices: A journey into the world of the deaf. New
York, NY: Vintage Books. Valli, C., C. Lucas, & K. Mulrooney (2005). Linguistics of American Sign
Language: An introduction. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
Helpful Contacts
Jodie Novak, MAASL Linguist & [email protected]
Gallaudet University Museum
Holly Rioux, MSWDirector, Deaf & Hard of Hearing ServicesGreater Nashua Mental Health [email protected]
Contact Information
Brittany HoffTravel Trainer, MTM, Inc.
300 M St. SE, Suite 825 Washington, DC 20003