worksheet)key)for)aeneid,)book)i) ) ) ) ) nomen:) · worksheet)key)for)aeneid,)book)i) ) ) ) )...

Worksheet)KEY)for)Aeneid,)Book)I) ) ) ) ) Nomen:)

Character)Identification:)

Parcae)/)Fates)–)Three)sisters)who)spin)the)thread)of)mortal)life.))Clotho)spins)the)thread,)Lachesis)measures)the)thread)and)Atropos)cuts)the)thread.))These)powerful)women)control)the)destiny)of)all)mortals)and)even)gods)cannot)change)the)will)of)the)Parcae.))

Ganymede)–)One)of)the)sons)of)Troas)(the)first)king)of)Troy),)he)was)the)most)handsome)of)mortals)and)was)abducted)by)Jupiter)(in)the)guise)of)an)eagle))and)taken)to)Mt.)Olympus)to)be)his)personal)cupPbearer.))He)would)have)been)a)rival)of)Juno)for)Jupiter’s)affections)

Ajax)“The)Lesser”)–)Raped)Cassandra)in)Minerva’s)temple)at)Troy.))She)destroyed)him)and)his)fleet)as)they)returned)from)Troy.)

Aeolus)–)King)of)the)Winds.)))

Deiopeia)–)A)sea)nymph)who)is)offered)to)Aeolus)in)marriage)in)exchange)for)beginning)the)storm)that)drives)the)Trojan)fleet)to)Carthage.)

“Son)of)Tydeus”)–)Diomedes,)a)Greek.))He)killed)Rhesus)and)had)fought)Aeneas)in)single)combat.)

Danaans)–)Greeks.)

Hector)–)Greatest)of)the)Trojan)warriors.))Was)killed)by)Achilles)and)dragged)around)the)city)of)Troy.)

Sarpedon)–))Trojan.))Son)of)Jupiter.))Killed)by)Patroclus.)

Cymothoë)–)A)sea)nymph)who)helps)disentangle)the)Trojan)ships)after)Juno’s)storm.)

Triton)–)A)sea)god,)the)son)of)Neptune.))Helps)disentangle)the)Trojan)ships)after)Juno’s)storm.)

Teucer)–)First)king)of)the)Trojans.))There)is)also)a)Teucer)who)is)a)Greek)archer.)

Sychaeus)–)Dido’s)beloved)husband.))He)is)killed)by)Pygmalion.)

Pygmalion)–))Dido’s)brother.))Murdered)Sychaeus)and)drove)Dido)into)exile)in)Africa.)

)

Place)Identification:)

Lavinium)–)Settlement)established)by)Aeneas)and)named)after)his)queen)Lavinia.)

Latium)–)Region)in)westPcentral)Italy.))Area)ruled)by)King)Latinus.))Basically)encompasses)Campania.)

Alba)Longa)–)City)founded)by)Ascanius.))About)15)miles)southeast)of)Rome.)

Samos)–)Greek)island)sacred)to)Juno)with)a)large)temple)to)her.)

Carthage)–))A)city)on)the)coast)of)Northern)Africa.))Ruled)by)Queen)Dido.))In)history,)city)with)which)Rome)engaged)in)three)Punic)Wars.)

Tyrrhenian)Sea)–)Sea)to)the)west)of)Italy.)

Ilium)–)Another)name)for)Troy.)

Simois)–)A)river)near)Troy.)

Byrsa)–))Name)of)the)hill)that)the)city)of)Carthage)is)located)on.)

Paphos)–)City)on)Cyprus)that)had)a)temple)to)Venus)and)was)sacred)to)her.)

)

Culture)/)Literature)Identification:)

Proem)–)The)first)7)lines)of)the)Aeneid.))Essentially)a)synopsis)of)the)story.))Lines)8P33)extend)this.)

In'medias'res)–)In)the)midst)of)the)situation.))Typically)epics)begin)in)the)middle)of)the)action)of)a)scene.))In)this)case,)the)Storm)of)Aeolus)brought)on)by)Juno.)

Invocation)of)the)Muse)–))A)typical)feature)of)the)epic.))A)muse)is)typically)called)upon)by)the)poet)to)give)them)inspiration)and)direction.)

Penates:)Household)gods.))Aeneas)brings)the)Penates)of)Troy)with)him)and)they)will)form)the)religious)foundation)of)his)new)city.)

)

Content)Questions:)

1) What)deity)caused)the)Trojans’)long)and)difficult)journey)to)a)new)homeland?)(Juno)))

2) From)where)did)the)Carthaginians)actually)originate?))Where)is)that?))(Tyre)/)Phoenicia.))It)is)in)the)far)eastern)Mediterranean)near)Syria)))

3) What)were)the)“old)wounds”)that)made)this)deity)hate)the)Trojans?)(First,)that)Dardanus,)an)ancestor)of)the)Trojans,)was)the)product)of)one)of)Zeus’)affairs.))Secondly,)Zeus)abducted)Ganymede,)a)handsome)Trojan)youth,)to)be)his)cupPbearer)and)a)focus)for)his)affections)on)Mt.)Olympus.))Thirdly,)she)lost)in)the)“Judgment)of)Paris”)which)was)judged)by)a)Trojan)prince.)))

4) Where)are)the)Trojans)at)the)start)of)Book)I?)(Sicily)))

5) How)does)the)deity)from)question)#1)prevent)the)Trojans)from)reaching)Italy?))With)what)does)she)“seal)the)deal”?)(she)bribes)Aeolus,)king)of)the)winds,)to)stir)up)a)violent)storm)and)throw)them)off)course)/)she)bribes)him)with)marriage)to)Deiopea))

)6) In)our)first)introduction)to)Aeneas,)what)does)he)wish)for?)What)is)your)first)impression)of)this)

epic)hero?)(he)wished)that)he)had)died)in)Troy)/)not)very)heroic)))

7) To)where)were)the)followers)of)Aeneas)driven?)(to)the)coast)of)Northern)Africa)))

8) Name)eight)Trojan)allies)lost)(or)thought)lost))in)this)trial.))(Caicus,)Antheus,)Capys,)Orontes,)Amycus,)Lycus,)Gyan,)Cloanthus)))

9) Who)was)the)only)one)from)this)list)who)actually)died)in)the)storm)at)sea?)(Orontes)))

10) Who)approaches)Jupiter)on)the)Trojans’)behalf?)(Venus)))

11) What)will)the)Trojans)have)to)do)before)Lavinium)is)founded?)(fight)a)war)and)wait)three)years)))

12) What)is)the)timeline)for)the)three)major)Trojan)settlements?)(After)conquering)the)Rutulians,)they)will)wait)three)years)and)then)Aeneas)will)found)Lavinium.))Then)there)will)be)a)30)year)period)after)which)Ascanius)will)found)Alba)Longa.))There)will)then)be)a)300)year)interim)before)Rome)is)founded)by)Romulus)))

13) What)historical)events)does)Jupiter)predict)for)the)Romans?)(Greece)will)be)conquered,)Augustus)will)come,)the)Romans)will)be)granted)an)empire)without)end.)))

14) What)is)“Impius)Furor”?))(Unrestrained)madness).))

15) Who)is)the)“Son)of)Maia”/)(Hermes)))

16) Whom)do)Aeneas)and)his)faithful)companion)Achates)encounter?)(Venus)disguised)as)a)huntress)))

17) How)/)Why)did)Dido)come)from)Tyre)to)Carthage?)(her)brother)Pygmalion)killed)her)husband)Sychaeus)and)then)the)ghost)of)her)husband)came)to)her)in)a)dream)and)told)her)to)take)his)treasure)and)escape)from)Tyre)))

18) Describe)the)augury)in)Book)I.))(12)swans)were)flying)in)formation.))An)eagle)flew)in)and)split)the)formation,)but)the)flock)of)swans)then)rePaligned)))

19) How)does)Venus)protect)Aeneas)and)Achates)as)they)enter)Carthage?)(they)are)hidden)in)a)cloud)))

20) Complete)the)following)analogy)–)the)Carthaginians)building)their)city)are)like….)(bees)in)a)hive)))

21) What)is)the)subject)matter)of)the)bronze)reliefs)on)the)temple)in)Carthage?)(scenes)from)the)Trojan)War)))

22) What)was)the)prophecy)about)the)horses)of)Rhesus…or)why)did)Diomedes)feel)that)he)needed)to)kill)Rhesus’)horses?)(there)was)a)prophecy)that)if)the)horses)of)Rhesus)drank)from)the)river)Xanthus)or)ate)the)grass)of)a)Trojan)field,)then)the)city)would)not)fall.)))

23) Name)two)foreign)armies)and)their)leaders)who)fought)as)allies)with)Troy.))(The)Ethiopians)led)by)Memnon)and)the)Amazons)led)by)Penthesilia)))

24) What)goddess)is)Dido)compared)to?)(Diana)))

25) When)Aeneas)and)Achates)see)Dido,)to)whom)is)she)speaking)and)what)does)this)person)want?)(Ilioneus)who)asks)for)safe)haven)on)shore)to)repair)the)ships)))

26) Where)does)he)plan)to)go?)(continue)to)Hesperia)/)return)to)Sicily)))

27) What)is)Dido’s)response?)(she)welcomes)him)to)stay)and)sends)livestock)back)with)him)to)the)ships)))

28) What)does)Aeneas)do)after)this)welcome?)(he)reveals)himself)and)then)requests)that)Ascanius)join)him)and)bring)gifts)from)the)ship)))

29) How)does)Venus)interfere)in)this)situation?)(she)disguises)Cupid)as)Ascanius)so)as)to)trick)Dido)into)falling)in)love)with)Aeneas)and)getting)him)to)stay.))Her)hope)is)that)he)will)stay)and)be)safe.)))

30) What)were)the)topics)of)the)songs)sung)by)Iopas)the)bard)at)the)feast?)(songs)on)the)natural)world)))

31) What)did)Dido)ask)Aeneas)about?)(the)Trojan)war)))

32) How)long)has)it)been)since)the)Trojan)War)ended?)(7)years)))

33) What)are)the)two)names)that)Aeneas’)son)is)known)by?)(Ascanius)/)Iulus)))

34) List)three)names)that)the)Trojans)are)called)(besides)“Trojans”).)(Teucrians,)Ilians,)Dardanians)))

35) List)three)names)that)the)Greeks)are)called)(besides)“Greeks”).)(Argives,)Danaans,)Achaeans))

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book II Nomen:

Character Identification:

Ulysses – Odysseus, the most clever of the Greek warriors. King of Ithaca, planner of the Trojan Horse ruse.

Calchas – prophet of Apollo for the Greeks. It is supposedly his prophesy that condemns Sinon to death.

Cassandra – the Trojan princess with the gift of prophesy, but was cursed with the fact that she was never believed. She foresaw the destruction of Troy.

Deiphobus – Son of Priam who is killed before his parents’ eyes during the fall of Troy. Commander in chief of the Trojan forces and also the consort of Helen after Paris dies.

Panthus – priest of Apollo at Troy. Tried to gather the holy objects of Troy as it falls and advises Aeneas that the city is a loss.

Androgeos – Greek captain killed by Aeneas and his men in during the fall – mistook the Trojans as Greeks.

Neoptolemus – Greek soldier, killed Priam. Son of Achilles and came to Troy after his death. Also known as Pyrrhus. Married to Hermione, the daughter of Helen and Menelaus.

Place Identification:

Sigean Straits – a body of water just to the north of Troy, this water reflected the flames as the city fell.

Culture / Literature Identification:

Palladium – a small cult statue of the goddess Minerva that was kept in a shrine in Troy. It was thought to give protection to the city. It was stolen by Odysseus and Diomedes which outraged the goddess.

Content Questions:

1) What is the setting at the start of Book II? (Dinner at Carthage with Queen Dido, he is telling her the story of the Trojan War.)

2) What were the Myrmidons / Dolopians? (warriors from Thessaly that fought with Achilles)

3) What was the ruse that the Greeks used to gain entry to Troy? (built horse and left at beach, left Sinon behind, abandoned the camp, sailed away and hid behind Tenedos)

4) What does Thymoetes suggest the Trojans do? (bring the horse in)

5) What does Capys suggest? (destroy it)

6) What is Laocoön’s famous statement? (I fear the Greeks, especially bearing gifts)

7) What is Sinon’s story? What does he convince the Trojans to do? (he was a Greek who was supposedly going to be sacrificed for good winds for the Greeks’ return trip. He said that he escaped and hid in the marshes. He tells that the horse is an offering to Minerva to atone for the theft of the Palladium)

8) What event convinces the Trojans to bring the offering into the city? (the hideous death of Laocoön and his sons by a sea serpent)

9) What happened four times as they brought the offering into the city? (the horse shook and the sound of armor rattled inside)

10) Who actually built the offering? (Epeus)

11) Who warns Aeneas to leave the city? (the ghost of Hector who comes to Aeneas in a dream)

12) What does he try to give to Aeneas? (the statue of Vesta)

13) What does Aeneas actually grab? (his weapons)

14) What is Panthus’ message to Aeneas? (the city is lost and is overrun with Greeks)

15) Does he agree with Panthus? Explain. (yes, but he still feels a strong urge to fight on and take a last stand for Troy)

16) How does Coroebus make the Trojan fighters temporarily more effective? (has them wear the Greek armor of the first band of Greeks that they encounter and kill)

17) Who are the “sons of Atreus”? (Agamemnon and Menelaus)

18) What are some of the elements of pathos in lines 500 – 685? List at least 10.

• Cassandra at the shrine • Coroebus’ self sacrifice at the shrine • Death of Rhipeus, “a just and true man” • Hypanis and Dymas die at the hands of

Trojans • Panthus the pius priest • Pelias wounded • use of tiles / beams as desperate weapons • Andromache, widow, poor woman • “futile spears” • No let up of Greek reserves

• Trojans destroy own city’s fortifications • “exposed the heart of the house” • Cries of the women • Women embracing pillars • “armor, long unused” • Shoulders shaking with age • “all for nothing” 2x • “useless sword” • “out to meet his death” • Polites killed in front of his parents • Allusion to Hector

• “impotent spear” • Spear gets stuck in shield and hangs

• Neoptolemus tells Priam to take a message to dead Achilles

19) About whose recent assassination would lines 688 – 692 have reminded Virgil’s readers? This is a real historical figure. (Pompey)

20) At line 693, what though entered Aeneas’ mind? (his father, Creusa, and Ascanius)

21) Who did he see in Vesta’s temple? What did he want to do? Did he? Why? (Helen / kill her / no / Venus stopped him)

22) When he returns to his home, what is Anchises’ reaction to his request to leave the city? (he refuses and says that he is ready to die)

23) What does Aeneas say to his father and then do? (if you do not leave, then none of us will. He then re-‐arms himself)

24) How does Creusa react? (she begs Aeneas to bring her to the fight so that they can die together or to stay and defend his family)

25) What happens to Iulus / Ascanius at this point in the narrative? (his head is surrounded by a halo of fire)

26) How does Anchises interpret this omen (along with the fiery shooting star)? (as an omen that he should follow his son as he leaves Troy)

27) Describe the escape from Troy (who is with whom, rendezvous). (Aeneas carries Anchises who carries the Penates. Iulus walks beside his father and Creusa walks behind. They plan to meet at a shrine of Ceres that is in a cypress grove outside of the city walls)

28) What happened to Creusa? (Aeneas in a panic at the sight of the Greek soldiers began to run. Creusa and he were separated and he could not find her. He rushes back to the burning city to find her, but then her ghost appears to him)

29) What does Creusa advise Aeneas? (that the gods willed her death. He has a long exile in his future. He needs to go to Hesperia and he will get a new wife. I will remain here as a servant to Cybele and I have not been captured by the Greeks)

Worksheet for Aeneid, Book III Nomen:


Palinurus – Aeneas navigator / helmsman

Celaeno – leader of the Harpies, has the gift of prophesy

Phineus – a man who was blinded by Zeus (after he had blinded his own sons) and then was harassed by the Harpies. He was eventually rescued by two Argonauts (Zetes and Calais, sons of Boreas the North Wind)

Laertes – father of Odysseus

Abas – Ancient king of Argos, his shield was a dedication at Actium.

Polyxena – virgin daughter of Priam and Hecuba, she was sacrificed on Achilles’ tomb.


Mt. Ida – Mountain in Phrygia, south of Troy. Also a mountain on Crete.

Ortygia – another name for Delos

Corythus – a town in Etruria

Dicte – a mountain in Eastern Crete. Jupiter was born there and concealed in a cave during his infancy.


Corybantes – priests of Cybele who worship her with cymbals and dancing

Harpies – foul / fowl monsters who were half women and half birds who attacked all who were on there land. They stole / befouled their food.

Scylla – a monster with the head and torso of a woman, the tail of a dolphin, and a ring of dogs about her belly.

Charybdis – a whirlpool that destroys ships.

Content Questions:

1) Does Aeneas know where Hesperia is? (no)

2) Where is the first place that Aeneas took the Trojans? (Thrace)

3) What was the terrible omen that was found when branches were collected for an altar? (the branches were bleeding)

4) What story did this omen reveal? (Prince Polydorus, who came to Thrace during the war on Priam’s order was killed by the king of Thrace for the gold that Polydorus was keeping safe in Thrace)

5) What island do they land on? (Delos)

6) What do they ask for? (direction / information on where to sail to found their homeland)

7) What is the response from Apollo? (That they should go back to the “Trojan homeland”)

8) Where does Anchises think this is? Why? (Crete / King Teucer lived there before he came to The area of Troy)

9) Name some of the Greek islands that they pass. (Naxos, Donusa, Olearos, Paros, the Cycladic islands)

10) What does Aeneas call the city that they begin to build on Crete? (Pergamum)

11) What two things happened that year that convinced the Trojans that they should not stay in Crete? (plague and famine)

12) Who visits Aeneas in a dream? What is the direction that he is provided? (the Penates of Troy sent by Apollo / Hesperia is west and it is called Italy.

13) Aeneas’ epithet is “pius”. What does he do in lines 211 – 218 that reinforce that epithet? (he is physically moved by the sight of the gods, he raises his hands to the sky, he prays, he makes a sacrifice of wine, he talks to his father as is proper and instructed)

14) After they set out, they are caught in a storm. How long does that storm last? (3 days)

15) What is the place that they come to after this storm? Where is it? (the Strophades Islands in the Ionian sea)

16) Who lives there and what do they do to Aeneas and his men? (the Harpies. They attach them three times)

17) What is Celaeno’s prophecy? (you will reach Italy, but before you are permitted to build your city, you will be so hungry that you will gnaw your platters / eat your tabletops)

18) After leaving the Strophades, they pass many places. Whose kingdom do they pass? Where do they land to refresh themselves during the winter and also to hold games? (Odysseus’ / Actium)

19) What rumor do they hear in Buthrotum? Where is this town? (that Helenus, a Trojan prince, had won the throne and wife of Pyrrhus. Andromache was the spoils / wife of Pyrrhus. This means that Epirus was ruled by Trojans. / Epirus on the west coast of Greece)

20) What happened to Andromache after the war? (after seeing Polyxena die, she was given to Pyrrhus as spoils and she bore him a son. After that he decided to marry his fiancé Hermione and

Andromache was given to Helenus, another Trojan captive. Pyrrhus was killed by his rival Orestes and part of the kingdom was given to Helenus. He renames the place Chaonia after his brother. Together they build a miniature Troy.)

21) What does Aeneas ask of Helenus? (about the dangers of the journey and what course he should take)

22) What does he tell them? (they will go to Sicily, but also the lakes of the underworld and Circe’s island. You will know to build your city when you find a sow suckling 30 piglets next to a river. Do not worry about the famine that the Harpy foretold. They must also praise Juno at all times.)

23) Why should they avoid the eastern shore of Italy? (there are many hostile Greek settlements there)

24) Why should they avoid the straits of Messina (because of Scylla and Charybdis)

25) What will they do when they finally land in Italy? (seek out the prophetess who lives at Cumae to find out the details of their wars and trials there)

26) What does the Sibyl of Cumae write her prophecies on? (leaves that can scatter in the wind)

27) What does Helenus provide to Aeneas besides advice? Andromache? (Ivory, gold and silver, cauldrons, the arms of Neoptolemus, horses, guides, and more sailors. Andromache provides cloaks and other woven items)

28) Where is the Gulf of Tarentum? (at the bottom of the boot)

29) What is the first part of Sicily that they see? (Mt. Etna)

30) Which monster gets them in line 659? (Charybdis)

31) After their escape, what phenomenon now threatens them? Where to they land to take shelter? (Mt. Etna is exploding / they land in the land of the Cyclopes to take refuge under some trees)

32) Who is Achaemenides? (one of Odysseus’ men who is accidentally left behind when Odysseus escaped from the Cyclops. He has been on Sicily for 3 months. He begs Aeneas for death or immediate escape. The Trojans take him with them.)

33) What are some of the Sicilian locales and landmarks that they pass? (Cape Pelorus, mouth of the Pantagias River, Megara, Thapsus, Plemyrium, Ortygia, Alpheus River. Arethusian Spring, Helorus, Pachynus, Camerina, Gela. Acragas, Selinus Lilybaeum)

34) Where do they finally land? (Drepanum)

35) What happens there? (Anchises dies)

36) What is the setting for Book III? (They are still at dinner telling the tale to Dido)

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book IV Nomen: KEY


Aurora – goddess of the dawn

Barce – Sychaeus’ old nurse, aids Dido

Iris – Juno’s messenger, the goddess of the rainbow. She “released Dido’s spirit”


Syrtes – two large sandbanks off the coast of Libya that were a danger to sailors

Atlas – a mountain in Northern Africa (from the Titan who held up the skies). Atlas the Titan was father of Maia and grandfather of Mercury.


Barcans – a people of northern Africa with a reputation as marauders. Hannibal Barca would have come to mind with this geographical allusion

Maenad – female adherents to Bacchus

Content Questions:

1) Besides the fact that Cupid is influencing her, what makes Dido fall in love with Aeneas? (his courage, lineage, looks, his tale)

2) To whom does she confess her love for Aeneas? (to her sister Anna)

3) What is her advice to Dido? Why? (that she should indeed pursue Aeneas as a suitor / he will protect her from the hostile people who surround her and she should also not waste her youth)

4) What does Juno do when she realizes that Dido is madly in love with Aeneas? (tries to make a deal with Venus for him to stay in Carthage)

5) Is this successful? What is the plan? (yes / that when they are out hunting the next day that Juno will whip up a storm that will drive them into a cave for shelter and then that they will consummate their love and then be married)

6) Could this coupling be considered a marriage? Explain (presided by Juno, lightning wedding torches, wedding hymn of the nymphs, sky as witness, Dido calls it a marriage / no contract, no human witnesses)

7) Describe Rumor. (a giant. She flies around the earth getting stronger as she progresses. She is feathered and under every feather are an eye and a tongue as well as mouths and ears. She mingles fact and lie.)

8) Whom does Rumor seek? (King Iarbas to stir up his jealousy)

9) What is the response from Jupiter? (sent Mercury to call Aeneas back to his quest for Italy)

10) What are the two persuasive points in the message that is delivered? (you have forgotten Jupiter’s command / if you are not going to do it for yourself, at least do it for Ascanius)

11) How does Dido find out about Aeneas’ plan to leave? What is her response? (through Rumor / she is raving mad and confronts Aeneas)

12) Summarize Dido’s argument. (we are married and I deserve some decency, by this marriage I have angered the local African kings against me, my brother still wishes to wage war, my people respect me less, I have lost my virtue, you did not even give me a child as a reminder of you)

13) Summarize Aeneas’ response. (you are just awesome and deserve the best, I knew that our preparations would not be secret for long, really we were never married, the gods tell me to go to found a new Troy and I need to do that, Mercury just stopped by to remind me of this, and my dad’s ghost, and I owe this to Ascanius, too)

14) Summarize her finish to the conversation. (you are so far from noble, I took you in and helped you, go, I hope that you are wrecked on the open ocean and you call out my name, I will haunt you when I die)

15) Who does Dido send to help repair the rift in their relationship? Is she successful in convincing Aeneas to stay a while longer? (Anna / no)

16) What terrible portents occur at the altar when Dido prays for death? (water turns black, wine turns to clotted blood, she hears dead Sychaeus calling her name, an owl is present, she sees Aeneas savage in her dream)

17) Whom does she consult to help her in her plans? (a Massylian witch to help with magic rites)

18) What does she place on the pyre? (Aeneas’ clothing and weapons, oak and pine logs, their marriage bed and an effigy of Aeneas)

19) Does Anna believe that Dido will commit suicide? What lines leads you to that conclusion? (627-‐8)

20) What are some of the elements of the magic rites? (priestess recites the names of 300 deities, water, herbs, bronze sickles – iron not pure, hippomanes from a foal, one sandal off, unbound, nighttime)

21) What historical event does Dido’s speech in lines 774 – 784 foreshadow? (Punic wars)

22) How does Dido actually kill herself? (with a Trojan sword)

23) What does Iris do? (cut a lock of Dido’s hair to give to Proserpina so that her soul can be released)

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book V Nomen: KEY


Acestes – a king in Sicily who is of Trojan descent. A friend of Aeneas.

Eryx – Half brother of Aeneas, king of Sicily, killed by Hercules in a boxing match.


Acheron – one of the rivers of the Underworld.


Phaëthon – the equivalent of Helios, god of the sun. Was struck down by Jupiter when he could not control the chariot of the sun.

Content Questions:

1) What does Aeneas see as he looks back towards Carthage? (the glow of Dido’s funeral pyre)

2) To where are they blown? (Sicily again)

3) What is the first impression of Acestes? (wild and rustic, not very regal. Carrying a spear, wearing a bear hide, running down to meet them)

4) How long has it been since they last were on Sicily? What had happened then? (one year / Anchises had died).

5) How will they celebrate this event? (with games – boat race, foot race, javelin and arrow shoot, boxing)

6) What animal comes up from the tomb to inspect the sacrifices that Aeneas makes? (snake)

7) What are some of the prizes that are offered? (tripods, crowns of leaves, palms, armor, purple robes, gold and silver)

8) List the order of the finish – ship and captain.

a. Scylla / Cloanthus

b. Dragon / Mnestheus

c. Chimaera / Gyas

d. Centaur / Sergestus

9) What happens during the footrace? (the lead runner trips, but then fouls the second place runner so that his friend Euryalus can win the race)

10) Who wins the boxing match, the young and fleet Dares or the old but determined Entellus? (Entellus)

11) What does he do with his prize? (smashes its skull as a sacrifice)

12) For the archery contest, list the winners and what they did to deserve their place.

a. Acestes – his arrow burst into flames

b. Eurytion – he hit the dove, even though it had escaped

c. Mnestheus – his shot severed the cord that held the dove

d. Hippocoön – his shot hit the mast that the dove was tethered to.

13) What do the young boys engage in as a closure to the games? (a display of horsemanship called the Trojan Games)

14) What does Juno do to interrupt the Trojans’ games and rest? (She sends down Iris disguised as an old Trojan woman to sow distrust among the Trojans. The women are incited to burn the ships in order to force a permanent settlement on Sicily)

15) How are some of the ships saved? (Aeneas prays and a violent rainstorm comes)

16) What is Nautes’ advice to Aeneas? (form a council with Acestes, and leave the Trojans who are tired of the journey to settle here then let the rest move on)

17) Who visits Aeneas in his sleep and what does he tell him to do? (Anchises’ ghost / to visit him in the underworld)

18) Whom does Venus go to in order to keep the Trojans safe? (Neptune)

19) What is his response? (he promises to keep the Trojans safe, but fortells the sacrifice of one life)

20) What happens to Palinurus? (he is visited by Somnus, he initially resists Sleep, but is drenched in the dew of Lethe. He then slipped off of the ship and died in the surf.)

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book VI Nomen: KEY


Androgeos – the son of King Minos who was murdered by the Athenians

Hecate – goddess of the Underworld. The is tri-‐partite (Hecate in hell, Diana on earth, Luna in heaven). Also known as Trivia.

Proserpina – also known as Persephone, daughter of Ceres, wife of Hades. She was abducted by Hades and now lives in and rules over the underworld.

Briareus – a hundred handed Giant

Geryon – 10th labor of Hercules, Geryon was a monster with three bodies. Hercules killed him and stole his cattle.


Cumae – a town on the Bay of Naples on the west coast of Italy. It was a center of worship for the Sybil

Avernus – a lake in the Bay of Naples area. It is fed by sulfur springs.

Cocytus – the river of lamentation in the underworld


Daedalus – the Athenian engineer who created the labyrinth on Crete and later created wings to escape King Minos

Aetiological myth – a type of myth that provides the origins or name of a place or natural event.

Spolia Opima – “rich spoils” the award when a Roman general kills an enemy general in personal combat. There are only three men to have them awarded: Romulus (over the king of Caenina), Cossus (in 428 BC over Lars Tolumnius of Veii), and Marcellus (in 222 BC over Viridomarus of the Insubrian Gauls)

Content Questions:

1) What deity controls the Sybil of Cumae? (Apollo)

2) What is Daedalus’ connection with Cumae? (it is the first place on earth that he landed after his flight and he dedicated his wings to the place)

3) Describe the scenes on the doors of the temple. (Death of Androgeos, Athenians chosing lots, the land of Crete, Pasiphaë and the bull, the Minotaur, the Labyrinth / Theseus, and an incomplete carving of Icarus)

4) What is the other name for the Cumaean Sybil? (Deiphobe)

5) What is the Sybil’s prediction for Aeneas? (You will reach the place that you are fated to do so, but you will fight a war, it will be a second Trojan war and there is a new Achilles. Juno has not put her anger to rest. The cause will be a woman. Your path to safety is a city built by the Greeks.)

6) What does he ask of the Sybil? (To lead him down to the Underworld)

7) Who are some of the people who have travelled to the underworld? (Orpheus, Theseus & Pirithous, Hercules, Pollux)

8) What is the tough part about going to the Underworld? (returning)

9) What gift must Aeneas find to offer to Proserpina? (a golden bough)

10) Who is the friend who lies dead and unburied / how did he die? (Misenus / he challenged the sea gods to a trumpeting duel and was drowned by Triton for his hubris)

11) What augury is provided by Venus that helps Aeneas find the golden bough? (she sends two doves that lead him through the woods to the sacred holly tree)

12) What are some of the terrible personifications that dwell near the cave’s entrance? (Grief, Conscience, Disease, Old Age, Dread, Hunger, Poverty, Death, Struggle, Sleep, War, Furies, Strife)

13) What are some of the monsters that he sees? (Centaurs, Scyllas, Briareus, Hydra,Chimaera, Gorgon, Harpies, Geryon)

14) What pitiful sight do they see on the banks of the Styx? (Charon choosing to take only those who have had proper burial across the river. The unburied must wait 100 years.)

15) Who specifically do they see waiting? (Orontes / Palinurus)

16) Once they land in the Stygian Marshes, how do they get past Cerberus? (they drug him with a poppy laden cake)

17) Who are some of the shades that are in the Room of Minos? (infant deaths, condemned innocents, suicides)

18) Who is Minos? What is his job in the Underworld? (son of Jupiter, king of Crete / judge of souls in the underworld)

19) What type of person is in the Fields of Mourning? (those who are tormented and died of love)

20) List these people and a brief description (lines 516 – 522)

a. Phaedra – daughter of Minos, wife of Theseus, who seduced her stepson Hippolytus

b. Procris – a fickle untrusting woman, she was accidently killed while spying on her husband

c. Eriphyle – she was bribed by a necklace to allow her husband to be one of the Seven against Thebes. He was killed and later in vengeance by her stepson

d. Evande – wife of Capaneus (one of the Seven against Thebes) who threw herself on her husband’s funeral pyre.

e. Pasiphaë – wife of Minos, king of Crete. She was cursed by either Venus or Neptune with an irresistible passion for a bull. Daedalus constructed a hollow cow for this purpose. She also cursed her husband so that any time he coupled with a woman, his body produced snakes and scorpions that would kill her. Procris broke this spell with herbs from Circe (Pasiphaë’s sister)

f. Laodamia – wife of Protesilaus, first man to die at Troy. Two versions 1) she begged the gods for three more hours with her husband and then after that she killed herself to be with him or 2) she had a wax effigy made which she secretly spent time with, when her father discovered it, he threw it into the fire and she followed the effigy into the fire.

g. Caeneus – originally a girl named Caenis who was raped by Neptune and was granted her wish to be turned into a man. Died in a fight against the centaurs and then turned back into a woman (or a golden-‐winged bird)

h. Dido -‐ duh

21) What is this last person’s reaction to Aeneas? (she turned away from him as he apologized and runs back to the shade of her Sychaeus)

22) What two groups of heroes does Aeneas see? (some of the Seven Against Thebes and Trojan War heroes)

23) What is the reaction of the Greek warriors who see him? (they either run away or they try to raise a battle cry in vain)

24) What was the fate of Deiphobus? (his wife Helen had removed all of the weapons from his hous and then called Menelaus in while her husband was sleeping. Menelaus tortured and disfigured Deiphobus before killing him.)

25) What does Tartarus look like physically? (a fortress with triple walls and a moat of Phlegethon, the river of fire. In front is an adamantine gate and it is guarded by an iron tower in which Tisiphone crouches, waiting to whip those who enter with lashes of snakes until they confess their crimes. There is then a deep abyss that is actually Tartarus.)

26) Who rules Tartarus? (Rhadamanthus, brother of Minos)

27) List at least 7 inhabitants of Tartarus (Giants, Otus and Ephialtes, Salmoneus, Tityus, Lapiths, Ixion, Pirithous, those who hated their siblings, patricides, misers, adulterers, those who stirred civil war, Sisyphus, Theseus, Phlegyas, those who sin against their country, those who sin against their family)

28) What are the Elysian Fields like? What do the shades do there? (they are light and pleasant. There is sun and stars and a free air. There are shady brooks and groves. People wrestle, dance, sing, take care of their horses, feast)

29) What does the spirit of Anchises basically describe in lines 823 – 870? (reincarnation)

30) What particular group of people are Aeneas and Anchises viewing? (the descendants of Aeneas)

31) Many famous names are dropped – who are they?

a. Silvius – Son or grandson of Aeneas

b. Procas – one of the Alban kings after Ascanius

c. Capys -‐ one of the Alban kings after Ascanius

d. Numitor – son of Procas, father of Rhea Silvia (thus grandfather of Romulus)

e. Romulus – duh

f. Augustus – duh. Full name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus

g. Numa Pompilius – second king of Rome, a Sabine. Peaceful reign in which many religious rites were established.

h. Tullus Hostilius – Third king of Rome. Many wars waged including against Alba Longa. Built Senate House

i. Ancus Marcius – fourth king of Rome. Sabine, grandson of Numa, built Pons Sublicius, founded Ostia

j. Lucius Junius Brutus – overthrew his cousin Tarquinius Superbus in 509 BC and became one of the firstconsuls.

k. Decii family – a father and son who committed themselves to die on the battlefield. Referenced in Livy

l. Drusii family – a very famous and distinguished Roman family. Livia was a member of this family

m. Torquatus – real name Titus Manlius Imperiosus. In 361 BC he defeated a large Gaul and despoiled him of his torque. Killed his son for disobeying an order. Was consul 3 times and dictator once.

n. Marcus Furius Camillus – A successful general who helped rebuild Rome after it was sacked by the Gauls in 390 BC

o. Caesar – Gaius Julius Caesar of course

p. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus -‐ duh

q. Lucius Mummius Achaius -‐ Defeated the Achaean League and oversaw the sack of Corinth in 146 BC

r. Lucius Aemelius Paullus Macedonicus – father of Scipio Aemilianus. Victor over Perseus of Macedon, who claimed descent from Achilles, in 168 BC.

s. Cato the Elder / the Censor-‐ a novus homo who was a conservative and accomplished Roman politician and general. He did not care for the Greek culture that was “diluting” Roman ways for personal extravagance. He was also obsessed with Carthage and ended every speech with “Karthago delenda est”

t. Aulus Cornelius Cossus -‐ won the spolia opima in 428 BC over Lars Tolumnius of Veii

u. Gracchi brothers – Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus in 133 and again in 123 tried to have land reform and distribution to the poor. Both were killed by senators for their effort.

v. Scipios – Publius Scipio Cornelius Africanus was a hero of the Second Punic war. He fought in many battles throughout Italy and defeated Hannibal at the battle of Zama in 202. Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus was actually a son of Lucius Aemelius Paullus Macedonicus who was adopted by the elder son of Scipio Africanus. He was a distinguished military figure and he destroyed Carthage in 146 BC, which brought the Third Punic War to an end.

w. Fabricius Luscinus – Roman hero. A general who fought against Pyrrhus in the 3rd century BC. He resisted bribes from Pyrrhus and also those from traitors who offered to poison Pyrrhus.

x. Regulus Serranus – commander in the first Punic war. Like Cincinnatus, he left the plough to become consul and fight.

y. Fabii family – A famous Roman family.

z. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator -‐ (the Delayer) who carried out an unpopular tactic of avoiding battles with Hannibal during the Second Punic War which wore him down and pressured his supplies.

aa. Marcus Claudius Marcellus – Roman general who was active in the First and Second Punic Wars. He won the spolia opima in 222 BC over Viridomarus of the Insubrian Gauls. In the Second Punic War he fought against Hannibal in Sicily and Italy. He was a colleague of Fabius Maximus Cunctator.

bb. Marcellus (yes there are two) – was the nephew and the son-‐in-‐law of Augustus. He was Augustus’ heir and was awarded many honors, but died prematurely at the age of 19.

32) What was Anchises’ purpose in this parade? (to inspire Aeneas to strive on and go through the struggles to come)

33) What are the two exits from the Underworld? From which does Aeneas and Sybil leave? (the Gate of Horn for true shades and the Gate of Ivory for false dreams / they leave from the Gate of Ivory.)

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book VII Nomen: KEY


Caieta – Aeneas’ nurse. She died on the journey and gives her name to a harbor.

Circe – a witch who lived off the coast of Italy who changed men into animals

Faunus – equals Pan. Father of King Latinus and son of Picus

Picus – father of Faunus, grandfather of Latinus, son of Saturn. He was turned into a woodpecker by Circe.

Bellona – goddess of war

Allecto – one of the three Furies / Erinyes / Eumenides. Unpleasant goddesses who tortured their victims. They did avenge offences against families. They had snakes for hair and lived in the Underworld.

Hippolytus – son of Theseus who was torn apart by horses as a punishment for his incest with his stepmother

Feronia – goddess of groves


Allia – a tributary of the Tiber River 6 miles north of Rome. The Romans suffered a defeat by the Gauls there in 390 BC.


Erato – Muse of lyric or love poetry.

pomerium -‐ the sacred furrow that marks the religious boundary of a Roman city.

Content Questions:

1) Why do you think Aeneas invokes the muse again? Why Erato? (a second part of the book, new and different material focus on Lavinia)

2) What geographical spot do they first land in Italy? (at the mouth of the Tiber as it meets the Tyrrhenian Sea)

3) Who ruled Latium? Describe his family. (King Latinus / he had a wife, Queen Amata and a daughter, Lavinia)

4) Whom did the queen want her daughter to marry? (Turnus, a local prince)

5) What were the omens concerning this decision? (she caught on fire= bad decision)

6) What did Latinus do in response? (he sought out the oracle of Faunus near Lake Avernus)

7) What advice did he get? (that Lavinia should not marry a native Latin, that a stranger will be her husband)

8) At this point in the narrative, they go back to Aeneas. What oracle has now been fulfilled? (they ate their table tops, and thus knew that they had reached their goal)

9) In general terms, what does Aeneas do in lines 149 – 287? (offers prayers, begins to build a town, sends an envoy to ask for peace with King Latinus)

10) Who sees the Trojans in Italy and is troubled by their happiness? (Juno)

11) What does she pledge to do? (draw out the fulfillment of fate and have bloody war to punish the Trojans and Latins)

12) Whom does she call on? (Allecto)

13) What does this character do? (attacks Queen Amata and throws one of her snakes at her. The snake possesses her and forces her to object to Lavinia’s marriage to Aeneas.

14) What is Amata’s first and second approaches to avoiding the marriage? (first she pleads with Latinus, but to no avail. Then she becomes a follower of Bacchus, takes her daughter away, and convinces the other women to leave their homes)

15) Whom does Allecto visit next? (Turnus)

16) What guise does she take on to be more acceptable? (Calybe, an old priestess of Juno)

17) What is his reaction? (he initially ignores the “priestess” but is then struck by Allecto’s firebrand and burns for war)

18) Whom does Allecto seek out next? (Ascanius)

19) The next event is the impetus for the war – what happens? (Ascanius kills a beautiful stag that is the beloved pet of Silvia, daughter of Tyrrhus, who was the royal herdsman for King Latinus)

20) Who is the first to die by Trojan weapon? (Almo, the son of Tyrrhus)

21) Does King Latinus now want to engage in war? (no)

22) In Roman times, what god’s temple doors are open during time of war? (Janus)

23) Who opened the temple doors in line 720? (Juno)

24) Name the allies who come to side with the Latins. (Mezentius, Lausus, Aventinus, Catillus, Coras, Caeculus, Messapus, Clausus, Halaesus, Oebalus, Ufens, Umbro, Virbius, Turnus, Camilla)

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book VIII Nomen: KEY


Pallas – King Evander’s son

Carmentis – nymph, prophetess, mother of Evander


Pallanteum – land of King Evander, a Greek = Palatine Hill


Ecphrasis – a digression from the main tale that involves a detailed focus on an object

Salii – the dancing priests of Mars

Content Questions:

1) Who gives advice to Aeneas? What does he tell him will happen? (Father Tiber / Ascanius will found Alba Longa 30 years after the war)

2) What sign does he base this on? (A white sow with 30 suckling piglets)

3) What advice does he give Aeneas? (to seek out King Evander and become his ally)

4) Is Aeneas welcomed at Pallanteum? (yes)

5) What persuasive points does Aeneas make? (that the Greeks and the Trojans are distantly related through Atlas and that Turnus is their common enemy)

6) What memory does Evander have that convinces him to join Aeneas? (warm memories of Anchises)

7) What rites was Evander celebrating when Aeneas arrived? (rites to celebrate the overthrow of Cacus by Hercules)

8) Which deity was Hercules’ enemy? (Juno)

9) Who ruled during the Age of Gold? What were the characteristics of this time? (Saturn / simple hunter, gatherer time, peaceful and kind time)

10) Next comes a catalog of some major Roman sites. What are they? (Carmental Gate, the Asylum, the Lupercal cave, Argiletum, Tarpeian rock, Capitoline Hill, Janiculum Hill, Forum Romanum, Carinae)

11) Whom does Venus visit? Why? (Vulcan / to have him make weapons for Aeneas)

12) Where is Venus? (on Sicily / Mt. Etna)

13) Whose armor is in the forge? (Jupiter’s thunderbolts / Minerva’s aegis)

14) Who works in the forge? (the Cyclopes)

15) What city’s citizens hate Mezentius and want to fight against him? (Argylla)

16) Whom does Evander entrust to Aeneas? (Pallas, his son)

17) What sign is given by Venus that Aeneas’s armor is ready and he needs to return? (flashes of lightning and a red sky)

18) What are some of the scenes from Roman history that are shown on Aeneas’ new shield? (Romulus and Remus, rape of the Sabine women, death of Mettus Fufetius who was faithless to Rome, Porsena’s attack on Rome, Cocles tearing down the bridge across the Tiber, the hostage Cloelia swimming the Tiber to escape, the geese warning Manlius of a Gallic attack, the Salii and Luperci priests, Catiline, Cato, victory at Actium, triumphs of Augustus)

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book IX Nomen: KEY


Pilumnus – Turnus’ ancestor, patron deity of house and household

Messapus – A general of Turnus and a son of Neptune

Mezentius – cruel Etruscan king on the side of the Rutulians

Content Questions:

1) What was Iris’ instruction to Turnus? Attack the Trojan camp while Aeneas was away.

2) What is Turnus compared to? A rushing river like the Ganges or the Nile.

3) What was Aeneas’ orders to his men while he was away? Do not engage in an open battle. Just defend the fort.

4) Another simile – what is Turnus compared to? The Trojans? Wolf / sheep

5) Since Turnus cannot get into the camp, what does he do to draw the Trojans out? He tries to burn their ships which are anchored nearby.

6) What happens? Why? The ships turn into water nymphs – the wood was made from a sacred grove of Cybele and it could never be burned.

7) What does Turnus say of the Greeks’ tactics at Troy? That they were cowardly – coming in at night, stealing the Palladium, killing sentries, hiding in a wooden horse.

8) What does Nisus want to do? Go out at night to notify Aeneas of the siege and bring him back. Or at the least to clear a path through the enemy lines and kill a bunch of Rutulians while they are at it.

9) What is Nisus compared to during the attack? A starving lion attacking.

10) What do they do at the end of their raid? They don gold and silvers spoils – helmets and armor.

11) What happens at dawn? A troop of cavalry comes in to give messages to Turnus.

12) What gives away Euryalus’ position to the cavalry? The glint of the metal helmet in the moonlight.

13) What does Nisus initially do? What does he do next? Initially he runs to safety. When he gets there, he realizes that Euryalus is no longer with him, so he finds him and attacks his captors with a spear.

14) What type of flower is Euryalus compared to as he dies? A poppy with a drooping head.

15) How does the encounter end for the Rutulians and the Trojans? Nisus kills the cavalry leader Volcens. Nisus and Euryalus are killed and their heads put on stakes.

16) Who tells Euryalus’ mother of his death? Rumor.

17) What effect did Euryalus’ mother have on the fighting men? Her wailing weakened their will to fight.

18) What military formation are the Rutulians in? a testudo

19) Who was Ascanius’ first kill in war? Why did he kill him? Remulus / Numanus, because he was mocking the Trojans

20) Which deity told Ascanius to restrain himself after his first kill? Apollo

21) What foolish action do Pandarus and Bitias commit? They throw open the camp’s gates

22) What is the result of this action? Although some of the Rutulians run away in fear of a sally of forces, Turnus gains access to the Trojan camp and slaughters many men

23) How does Turnus get away from the Trojans once he is trapped inside the camp? He is driven to the edge of the Tiber, he jumps in and swims back to his troops.

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book X Nomen: KEY


Mantua – town in northern Italy, birthplace of Vergil


Cybele – a Phrygian goddess, Magna Mater to the Romans

Danaids – the 50 daughters of Danaus who killed their spouses on their wedding night

Content Questions:

1) What is the setting of the beginning of Book 10? Mt. Olympus

2) What is happening? Jupiter is having a counsel of the gods.

3) Which deity speaks first and what was the content of the speech? Venus. She asks Jupiter to allow the Trojans, who have followed the gods’ oracles to be at peace, and if that is not his wish then to allow Ascanius to be saved.

4) Which deity speaks in reply and what was the content of that speech? Juno. Why did Aeneas have to take a native bride promised to another? He was the one that started this trouble.

5) What is the result of this discussion? Jupiter states that neither goddess should influence the outcome of the war. It is up to the fates only

6) There are yet two more aetiological allusions here. To what towns? Capua from Capys the Trojan and Mantua from Manto

7) Where is Aeneas? Sailing back from his parlays with Evander and Tarchon

8) Who is he with? Massicus, Abas, Asila, Astyr, Cunarus, Cupavo, Manto, Aulestes

9) Who meets Aeneas on the sea? What is her message? The sea nymph Cymodocea, one of the former ships of Aeneas. She tells him of the besieged camp and the danger that his son is in. She then helps the ships speed their way back to Latium.

10) To whom does Aeneas pray? Cybele

11) What does Turnus do when he sees the Trojans and their allies land? He attacks them on the beaches as they land.

12) Who gets the first blood of this battle? Aeneas

13) What young fighter is a standout in the battle and kills many including a set of twins? Pallas

14) At this point in the battle, Pallas and Turnus engage in single combat. To whom does Pallas pray? What does Jove do? What is the outcome of this battle? Hercules / turn away so that he cannot see the battle / Turnus wins

15) What happens after the combat? Turnus strips Pallas’ body of its distinctive sword belt with the image of the Danaids carved into it

16) What image of Aeneas emerges during the battle? Bloodthirsty and blatantly ignores entreaties from the enemy.

17) What does Juno do to save Turnus from this battle? She sends a ghost Aeneas to lure him away to a ship that she puts out to sea

18) What are Jupiter’s words of advice to Juno? You cannot save Turnus forever and eventually the Fates will win out no matter what you do.

19) What simile involves Mezentius? As a wild boar hunted by a band of men with spears

20) Mezentius and Aeneas engage in single combat. Who is the victor? Aeneas, but Mezentius is only wounded

21) Who now intervenes in the fight? What happens to him? Lausus, Mezentius’ son. Aeneas kills him as he enables his father to get away. Aeneas is saddened by his death which is due to his piety towards his father.

22) What does Mezentius do next? Wounded, he mounts his war horse and goes out to meet Aeneas and avenge his son’s death.

23) What is Mezentius’ fate? Aeneas kills his horse, and the horse falls on top of Mezentius. Mezentius begs Aeneas to allow him to be buried next to his son and not allow the Etruscans who hate him to despoil his body.

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book XI Nomen: KEY


Acoetes – the guardian of Pallas, he used to fight beside Evander

Drances – a Rutulian who does not like Turnus. He offers to take Aeneas’ offer back of peace to the other Latins

Opis – A nymph and a messenger of Diana

Tarchon -‐ Etruscan chieftain, allied with Aeneas

Acca – faithful companion of Camilla, she is the one that brings the news of Camilla’s death to Turnus


Trophy – a display of arms that is placed on a tree. It is to mimic the dead and to claim the spoils

Content Questions:

1) What is Aeneas doing at the start of this book? He is setting up a trophy of Mezentius’ arms and he is also taking care of funeral rites for Pallas.

2) A delegation of Latins arrives. What do they ask? For bodies to be released for burial

3) What is Aeneas’ response? I would grant peace to the living as well as the dead if your king would allow me to fulfill my fate

4) Since Aeneas is not able to fulfill his first promise to Evander (to keep Pallas safe), what does Evander now ask for? Vengeance and the death of Turnus

5) What do the Latins (and Drances) now ask for? That Turnus fight Aeneas in single combat.

6) A deputation that had been sent from King Latinus to Diomedes returns. What is their news? That Diomedes will not join the Latins in the fight against the Trojans

7) What was Diomedes’ advice to Latinus? To join in peace now with Aeneas. He is too strong an opponent.

8) After each side has had an opportunity to bury their dead, the Latins must decide what to do. What does Drances suggest? Turnus? Drances suggests that Aeneas be allowed to wed Lavinia and Turnus should concede his pride. Turnus calls Drances a coward and then says that the Trojans have suffered equally. The Latins still have allies that will fight with them so they should fight on.

9) Whose advice is followed? Turnus’

10) What is Turnus compared to? A wild stallion

11) Which goddess is the patron of Camilla? Diana

12) Camilla is very successful on the battlefield and kills many men. But someone is following her and watching for a weak moment. Who is that? Arruns

13) What catches Camilla’s attention? the clothing and finery of Chloreus (a priest of Cybele)

14) What does Arruns do? He kills Camilla, but then runs away in fear

15) What happens to Arruns? Opis kills him with one of Diana’s arrows as she was instructed

16) What do the Latins do after Camilla’s death? Retreat

17) Describe the end of Book 11. A bit of a cliff-‐hanger. Aeneas and Turnus are near each other, but the day has ended and they will not have time to fight.

Worksheet KEY for Aeneid, Book XII Nomen: KEY


Juturna – Italian water nymph, sister of Turnus, servant of Juno. Previously raped by Jupiter.

Content Questions:

1) To what is Turnus compared at the beginning of Book 12? Like a Carthaginian lion wounded by hunters and ready to attack.

2) Does Turnus agree to single combat with Aeneas? Yes

3) What does Latinus say to Turnus? Your father has huge kingdoms, to risk your life risks them. There are other lovely girls to marry besides Lavinia. I need to obey the will of the gods and I cannot give Lavinia to one of the former suitors. I gave into my affection for you and my wife’s tears

4) What is Turnus’ response to Latinus’ speech? It makes him even more angry.

5) What is Amata’s contribution to this conversation? She begs Turnus to not fight because if he loses, she will kill herself out of sadness and hatred for Aeneas as a son-‐in-‐law.

6) Contrast the combat preparations of Turnus with those of Aeneas. Turnus glories in his war horses, and puts on his armor. He shakes his spear (a spoil of war) and howls. He mocks the masculinity of Aeneas. Aeneas is glad that the war will come to an end and he prepares his armor. He eases his loved one’s fears by talking of fate. He sends out embassy to Latinus to settle the peace accords prior to the battle.

7) Describe the scene of the single combat. a sacred area was set up with braziers, altars, and garlanded priests. The armies came out in full display and then set their arms aside prior to the fight. Old men, women, and children were present to view the combat.

8) Juno has been forbidden by Jupiter to disrupt this contest. Does she stay away? What does she do? No. She encourages Juturna, Turnus’ sister to save him.

9) What is the content of Aeneas’ prayer? Juno, please be kinder, if I lose, then Ascanius will leave this land, if I win, the two nations will join in peace.

10) Who prays for the other side? What does he say? King Latinus. We pledge that we will never break this pact.

11) Who has the appearance of the better fighter? Aeneas

12) What does Juturna do? Disguise herself as a Rutulian and begins to spread rumors about the Trojans enslaving them.

13) What auspice does she send out? A golden eagle, pursuing shorebirds, and then it kills a swan. The birds then pursue the eagle and chase him away.

14) Who calls for war? The augur Tolumnius

15) What does Messapus do? Kills Aulestes the king on an altar while he is begging for mercy

16) What is Aeneas’ response to his men’s fighting? He tells them to stop as only he is the one who has the right to enter combat.

17) What happens to Aeneas? He is struck by an anonymous arrow.

18) What is Turnus’ response? He calls for his war chariot so that he can take advantage of the situation. He begins to fight, killing many Trojans.

19) Who is the Trojan physician? Is he successful at getting out the spear? Iapyx. No, not at first.

20) Who brings dittany to Aeneas? Venus

21) What does Juturna now do? She takes over as Turnus’ charioteer (Metiscus).

22) After killing many men, what does Aeneas do? Attack the town.

23) What does Amata do? Hang herself in grief and guilt

24) What does Saces say to Turnus? He tells Turnus about the attack on the town and the suicide of Amata.

25) What is Turnus’ response? He is overcome with guilt and begs his sister to let him die with respect in single combat with Aeneas.

26) What are Aeneas and Turnus compared to? Bulls in battle.

27) What happens to Turnus’ sword in the battle? It breaks when it strikes Aeneas’ god-‐forged armor

28) What does Aeneas’ spear strike? The stump of the sacred olive tree of Faunus

29) How do Juturna and Venus help their respective fighters? Juturna give Turnus back his sword and Venus frees the spear of Aeneas from the stump.

30) What does Jupiter command Juno to do? Stop her interference.

31) Does she? What are her conditions? Yes. That the name of Trojan die, although the people may live

32) What does Jupiter send to distract Juturna? The Furies as a bad omen to keep her from continuing to help Turnus.

33) Did this work? Yes. She stops.

34) What weapon does Turnus use against Aeneas? Is it successful? A rock. No. It misses its mark.

35) What is Turnus’ realization? That he is going to die.

36) What does he say to Aeneas? You can kill me or spare me – it is your choice as the victor.

37) What does Aeneas see? Turnus wearing Pallas’ sword belt.

38) What does Aeneas do? Kill Turnus.

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