world civilization
DESCRIPTION
WORLD CIVILIZATION. HISTORY 106 – A COMPARATIVE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF HUMAN SOCIAL ORGANIZATION FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES UNTIL THE 17 TH CENTURY. POLITICAL SYSTEMS. Matriarchical societies and patriarchical societies. Families, bands, and tribes. Hunting and gathering. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WORLD CIVILIZATIONHISTORY 106 – A COMPARATIVE
INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF HUMAN SOCIAL ORGANIZATION FROM THE
EARLIEST TIMES UNTIL THE 17TH CENTURY
![Page 2: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Universals?
Necessities: (reproduction based): food, water, shelter, reproduction/child raising?, waste, reflection, creativity, spiritual expression.
Subsistence: scavenging – hunting-fishing/gathering – slash & burn (swidden) – horticulture - pastoralism – agriculture
Social Organization: family – clan – band/tribe – nation (semi-nomadic, or nomadic) – village – town – city – city/state – state – nation/state.
![Page 4: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Civilization
Organized human responses to change, seeking equilibrium or being civilized. Well bred and complaisant. Highly developed social organization.
![Page 5: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Change may be gradual or catastrophic –
Adaptations to change Agents of change Culture Environment Beliefs Observations (receptivity) Geographic Social Theo-philosophic Political Economic Ideological Technologic Technologic >war/ invasion Economic
![Page 6: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
History: History is the interpretation of the incomplete written record or oral tradition of the experiences of humans through the contexts of time. While history demands many types of critique – such as political, economic, technological, or social critique – all are dependant on documents and their interpretation. History, like language, is very plastic.
![Page 7: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Society: A society is an artificial construction of a collection of linked formal and informal institutions that govern group behavior.
Culture: Culture is the set of conscious and unconscious beliefs and assumptions about the way in which world works that governs individual behavior.
Diffusion: The movement or spread of one or more elements of a society or culture from one place to another.
![Page 8: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Community: Communities are formed from the interactions of culture and society. When individuals are united into groups by complimentary internal (cultural) and external (social) influences, the groups of people can be identified as communities.
![Page 9: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Race: Biologically, there is only one race – human. All other categories of race are artificial social constructs of classification based on visual differences, cultural expressions, political necessity, and economic priority. What is commonly called race is really racism. The history of the concept of race parallels the development of the human identity.
Racism (also called ethnocentrism) When a labeled group is disadvantaged socially based on the artificial classifications of race by another group in possession of the unearned power and privilege to do so*.
Ethnicity: Ethnicity refers to heritage or culture expressed over time. The cultural history of a group of people produces differences in populations that give rise to ethnicity.
![Page 10: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Class: Class is the stratified level of economic opportunity within a
culture or society. Class differences – differences in opportunity and access – may be based on racism, ethnicity, gender, education, age, disability or a host of other recognized group classifications.
Gender: For the purposes of this discussion, the term gender
will include gender orientations as in the case of gay men and lesbians.
Nationality: Nationality is a political description of place of
birth or naturalization.
![Page 11: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Asibiya: Social glue (voluntary to coercive). What happened to the ancient and old civilizations? Are all civilizations temporary? What about ours? Is there progress? Why do civilizations seem to “ rise and fall?”
![Page 12: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Determinism: Causation. Cause and effect models. Dialectic x+ y = z. If you drop a ____, when it hits the ____, it makes_____. Theoretical orientation.
Critique: Identification of apparent conflicts and resolving those conflicts
Thesis Antithesis
\ / \ / \ / \ / \ /
Synthesis
![Page 13: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
In addition there are some concepts that are useful in the discussion of world civilization.
Push Factor: Push factors cause individuals or groups to relocate from one place to another.
Pull Factor: Pull factors draw individuals or groups to a specific location.
Diaspora: Diaspora refers to the (often forced) dispersal of populations from a specific location to several locations throughout the world.
![Page 14: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
POLITICAL SYSTEMSMatriarchical societies and patriarchical societies.Families, bands, and tribes.Hunting and gathering.Horticulture and settled agriculture.Pastoralism, nomadic and semi-nomadic societies.Agriculture and the rise of the state.Monarchy and theocracy.Military organization and civilized life.The nation-state. Oligarchy and democracy. The republic & empire
![Page 15: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Altruism and egalitarian exchange. Agricultural surplus, division of labor, and
class divisions. Specialization of labor, labor organization,
and production. The role of private property. The concept of monetary capital and
capitalism. Class and caste. Trade, mercantilism and economic
specializations.
![Page 16: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TECHNOLOGY
Lithic technology and metallurgy.Agriculture, astronomy, religion, and early scientific thought.Water technologies.Agricultural technologies.Architecture.Military technologies.
![Page 17: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SOCIAL & CULTURAL SYSTEMS
Female and male gender roles.Feminist approaches to gender.Homosexualities, heterosexualities, intersexualities, and transgender issues.Religion and religious diversity.Art and literature.Philosophy and reason.Migrations and population movement.Urbanization and social consciousness
![Page 18: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SOCIAL & CULTURAL SYSTEMS
Social justice, and civil rights movements.Ethnic consciousness movements.Gender movements.Generational age cohort.Disability, ability, and social identity.Disease and medicine.
![Page 19: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
WORLD CIVILIZATION
IN THE TIME OF PRE-LITERACY
17,000 YEARS BPE
Sophisticated hunter-gatherer cultures with diverse toolkits appropriate to their environments and resources. Dogs have been domesticated. Art flourishes.
12,000 YEARS BP AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE
OCEANA SAN hunter-gathers Tehuacanos Jarmo -----------
Mammoth caveQadan horticulture (Mexico) Natufian Jericho Knossos (Egypt) (olives) Saharan cattle herders Karanovo (Tassili)
![Page 20: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7000 BP (5000BC) AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE
OCEANABadarian agriculture Cochise (SWNA) Yangshao Danubian Kuk (wheat/barley) (maize) (rice) (wheat)
(yams/taro) Hacilar Catal Huyuk
6000 BP (4000BC)
Pre-unification Egypt Archaic period Ubaid Minoan Melanesian
Unified archaic Egypt Harrapan Varna expansion
Narmer/Menes Non Nok Tha Loang Spean
![Page 21: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
5000 BP (3000BC) AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE
OCEANA
Old Kingdom Egypt Preclassic Indus (Kurgan) Battle Axe Lapita
Pyramids Ban Chieng Beaker Folk Lungshan Troy Sumer
Sargon of Akkad
4000 BP (2000BC) Old Kingdom Egypt Early Olmecs Shang China Myceneans Intermediate Period Hitittes Thera Middle Kingdom (Iron) Babylonians Aryan Invasions Barbarian
Invasions
![Page 22: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3000 BP (1000BC)
AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE
OCEANA Middle Kingdom Olmecs Assyrians Hellenic Greece
New Kingdom Adena Phoenicians (Pericles through
Alexander) Late Period Hopewell Canaanites CarthageBantu Kingdoms Anasazi Gupta India Etruscans/Rome
Han China La Tene/Hallstatt Celts & Germania
2000 BP (1 AD)Ghana Maya China Rome
Polynesians
![Page 23: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
WORLD CIVILIZATION
THEMES IN WORLD HISTORY
![Page 24: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Who was the First?
The case for Asia -MESOPOTAMIA
(Sumer)
The case for Africa - EGYPT(Kemet)
![Page 25: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EMPIRES
![Page 26: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
WAR
![Page 27: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
AGRICULTURE
![Page 28: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
RELIGION
![Page 29: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
GENDER
![Page 30: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
RACE
![Page 31: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
CLASS
![Page 32: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
LABOR
![Page 33: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ART & LITERATURE
![Page 34: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
African Civilizations
The Nile River Valley
![Page 35: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
West Asian Civilizations
Mesopotamia & Indus
![Page 38: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Map of Near East with locations for Nevali Cori and Gobekli Tepe: The Oldest Megalithic Structures.
![Page 40: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cro-Magnon Man: Cro-Magnon Man: The Late Pleistocene Hunter and the first real artists. The Late Pleistocene Hunter and the first real artists.
about 30,000 years ago.about 30,000 years ago.
![Page 41: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Built by hunter-gatherers (no sign of agriculture here). All bones found are wild animal. There is no evidence of inhabitation; the structures are interpreted as temples. After 8,000 BCE, the site was abandoned and purposefully covered up with tons of soil below the hill. Did humans recognize that they had made a big mistake against nature?
![Page 43: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Segment D is one of the near circular shaped pillared areas in the best condition of Göbekli Tepe. The largest
weigh about 50 tons
![Page 44: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
MesopotamianCivilization
The Tigris & Euphrates River Valleys
![Page 48: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Harappan Civilization
The Indus River Valley
![Page 51: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Asian Civilizations
Early China
![Page 59: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
American Civilization
North and South America
![Page 78: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
![Page 81: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
European Civilization
Minoan & Mycenean
![Page 88: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
![Page 91: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
![Page 94: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
![Page 97: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
![Page 98: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
![Page 104: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
![Page 105: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
![Page 106: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
![Page 107: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
![Page 108: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
![Page 109: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
![Page 110: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
![Page 111: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
![Page 113: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
![Page 114: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
![Page 115: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
![Page 116: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
![Page 117: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
![Page 118: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
![Page 119: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
![Page 120: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
![Page 121: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
![Page 122: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
![Page 123: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
![Page 124: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
![Page 125: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
![Page 126: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
![Page 127: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
![Page 128: WORLD CIVILIZATION](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032805/568133ef550346895d9ae31d/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)