world civilization week 4
TRANSCRIPT
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RenaissanceMedieval or Modern?
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Key Topics The politics, culture, and art of the
Italian Renaissance
The powerful new monarchies ofnorthern Europe
Political struggle and foreign
intervention in Italy Understanding the meaning of the
Renaissance.
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What is the Renaissance?
A collection of ideas?
A revival of the classical world?
A break with the medieval world?
A springboard for modernity?
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Humanism A cultural and intellectual
movement of the Renaissance thatemphasized secular concerns as aresult of the rediscovery and study
of the literature, art, and civilizationof ancient Greece and Rome.
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Medieval Artwork
Abstract and Formulaic
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The Renaissance
Painter
3-Dimensional PaintingsChiaroscuro & Linear Perspective
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Architecture
Middle Ages was steeped in Gothic Style
Architecture.
Most prominent structures were churches.
The Renaissance harked back to Antiquity
for models.
Greek columns and Romanesque Style.
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Medieval Literature
The Middle Ages focused on religious
writing. Primarily theology and philosophy.
Popular folk tales saw heroes whoembedded the ideal of Christianity.
King Arthur
Roland
Robin Hood
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Renaissance Literature
The writers emulated the ancient Greeks
and Romans and wrote in the vernacular.
Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarch, andGiovanni Boccaccio concentrated on
humanity and mans struggle.
The Birth of Non-fiction as entertainment.
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Benvenuto Cellini
All men of whatsoever quality they be,
who have done anything of excellence, orwhich may properly resemble excellence,
ought, if they are persons of truth and
honesty, to describe their life with their ownhand.
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Renaissance in Italy
The late Middle Ages
was a time of creative
fragmentation.
Three Crises:Religion,Plague, Government.
Italy flourished between
1300-1450 mainly
because of location.
The Italian City-State -
merchants and bankers
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Growth of City-States
Urbane culture was assisted by the constant
war between emperor (Ghibelline) and
Pope (Guelf). This war strengthened the merchant
oligarchies in the cities and by the 15th
century led to despotism.
Unlike Northern Europe ruled by kingdoms,
Italy was made up of independent states.
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A Nation Divided
1377 - The Churchs power starts to
fade.
Avignon Papacy - splits the church
Bishops lose their power to wealthy
families. Merchants and Bankers flourish
among the chaos.
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Mercantilism
The Italian Peninsula became the HUB
for Western Europe.
Merchant Class developed
Birth of the Banking System
Working Class - Manufacturing goodsbecame popular.
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Republic of Florence
Ciompi Revolt - 1378 was a result of the
staggering social divisions.
In 1434, Cosimo deMedici arose to powerfrom behind the scenes.
Signoria - Council that ruled Florence, which
was controlled by wealthy guilds. By 1478, Despotism emerged -> Pazzi Scandal
podest
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The Prince
Cities fought within - families seeking
power. (Medici and the Pazzi)
Despots like Lorenzo de Medici hiredmilitary brokers called condottieri
Political turbulence and warfare gave birth
to positive attributes as well.Diplomacy and Growth
Renaissance culture and Patronage
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Humanism
A cultural and intellectual movement
of the Renaissance that emphasizedsecular concerns as a result of therediscovery and study of the literature,art, and civilization of ancient Greece
and Rome.
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French Nationalism
Charles VII:1422-1461The Well-Servedunified France followingthe Hundred Years War.
Strong National Identityand Army
Jacques Coeurdeveloped an economicsystem
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Louis XI: (1461-1483)
made France a great
power. Mastermind of Dipolmacy
League of the Public Weal
Collapse of the English
Empire and the defeat ofBurgundy in the battle of
Nancy 1477.
Nation-Building
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Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of
Aragon married in 1469. Kicked out the Moors and Christianize
Spain
The Inquisition = National Unity Invested money in Ship Travel
Columbus Voyage 1492
Spanish Unification
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Isabella & Ferdinand
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War of the Roses
1455-1485
Englands first
major Civil War Dynastic instability
following the death
of Edward III.
Politics and Wealth
controlled England.
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Henry VI: House of Lancaster
1422-1461, 1470-71
Son of Henry V
became King ofEngland and France at
9 months old.
Went insane and
killed in the Tower of
London
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Edward IV: House of York
1461-1470, 1470-
1483
Ambitious, cruel,selfish, and extremely
able.
Seized the throne
from Henry based onthe his fathers claim.
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Richard III - York
14831485
Duke of Gloucester
brother to Edward IV. Richard III was
supposed to be the
avuncular protector of
his two youngnephews.
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A horse, a horse, My Kingdom
for a horse!
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Gloriana Angelorum
Henry VII: TudorDynasty
Bosworth Field1485 ends the war.
The Court of Star
Chamber1487
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Holy Roman Empire
Extremely backwards, the system based in
feudal society.
Germany was divided into 300 autonomouspolitical entities.
1356Golden Bull established a seven-
member electoral college. Imperial DietReichstag
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Italys Political Decline
Treaty of Lodi: 1454-1494 brought peace
between Milan and Naples. Together
they joined an alliance with Florence.
Florences chief enemy was Venice and
the Papacy.
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Ludovico il Moro
Comes to power in
Milan 1490 and ends
the Treaty of Lodi.
Naples and Florence
side with the Borgia
family.
Appeals to Francefor aid.
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Charles VIII de France
r. 1483-1498
Conquered Florence
and Papal States. Savonrola1452-
1498 Dominican
Monk who preaches
the coming ofCharles as godsend.
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Pope Alexander VI
r. 1492-1503
Corrupt member of
the Borgia Family. Machiavelli both
admired and
despised this guy.
Allied with French
Louis XII
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Pope Julius II
r. 1503-1513
Patron of Arts,Warrior Pope
Suppressed theBorgias and placedRomagna underpapal jurisdiction.
Holy League againstFrance
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Concordat of Bologna
In 1515, the French once again invaded
Italy under the rule of Francis I.
The Concordat of Bologna 1516 gave theFrench King control over French clergy
in exchange for French recognition of the
popes superiority over church councils.
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Niccolos Smile
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The Modern State
The biggest argument against
Machiavelli resides in his philosophy
If we say The Prince is a political
theory, then we acknowledge hisamorality.
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Machiavellian Smile in mens faces,
smooth, deceive, and cog.
~Richard III
One may smile and smileand still be a villain.
~Hamlet
The robbed that smiles, steals
something from thethief. ~Othello
Where we are, there are
daggers in mens smiles.
~Macbeth
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State of Nature
Machiavelli purports the idea of a
state of nature, but he does not
theorize on the states issues.
Political Activist = Concrete Thinker
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Modern Man
What made Machiavelli truly
unique was his lack of an ideal state.
People are simply EVIL, so stop
trying to be something youre NOT.
By lowering the bar, he liberatesman.
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Burckhardts Renaissance
Writing during the 1860s in
Germany.
Why does Burckhardt think the
Renaissance was the beginning ofModernity?
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Revolt of the Medievalists
Medievalists have pointed out that the
Middle Ages have produced:
Passionate, fully self-aware individualsCoherent theories of state
Great Nationalistic Art
Changes made in the 14th & 15th centuriesnot significant
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Recasting the Renaissance
One cannot deny the changes that occurred
from the 14th to the 15th century, but these
were not dramatic changes.
The culture of the Renaissance can be
described as a boy growing into a man itis a gradual process, not immediate.
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