world exploration
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World Exploration. Why Explore?. GOLD, GLORY and GOD Demand for goods (spices) Muslims and Italians controlled trade routes- wanted direct routes. Take out the middle man. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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World Exploration
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GOLD, GLORY and GOD Demand for goods (spices) Muslims and Italians controlled trade
routes- wanted direct routes. Take out the middle man.
Mercantilism--belief that a nation’s real wealth was measured in its gold and silver treasure.
Why Explore?
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Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator School for exploration
Dias – Cape of Good Hope
Da Gama – Gets to India!!
Portugal
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Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand Line of Demarcation--
Treaty of Tordesailles Magellan –
Circumnavigates (goes around the world) Balboa Ponce de Leon and Columbus
Spain
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Portugal influences Brazil
Spain—rest of Central and South America
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England: John Cabot and Henry Hudson
France: Jacque Cartier and Verranzzano
Northwest Passage
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Geography—mainland and many small islands
Monsoons shaped trading patterns Women were successful merchants and rulers
in some ports Vietnam
Ruled by China for 1000 years
Southeast Asia
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Portugal
In Southeast Asia Indian Ocean--Portuguese Lake Gained control by military force
Burned towns, destroyed Asian fleets Muslims resented Portuguese because of
religious intolerance Missionaries caused resentment
Portuguese remain on the fringe of Asian trade (strong at sea not on land)
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By 1500's Dutch were the front runners of
European commerce Formed Dutch East Indies Company Captured many Portuguese ports,
Used the military to expand trade, but forged ties to local authorities
Spain conquers the Philippines easily because Filipinos were not united
Dutch and SpanishIn Southeast Asia
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India’s ruling dynasty--Mughals were very civilized--larger
and more powerful than Europe Portuguese, English, French and Dutch allowed to build forts When Mughals lost power, French and English fought over
control of India England gains control of India because of military strength and
clever diplomacy The decline of the Mughal empire was
because of religious intolerance British East India Company drove the
French out and forced the Mughals to recognize its power in Bengal
Europe and India
Robert Clive
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Ming dynasty had ended sea explorations in
1400's Didn’t like the foreigners--thought they had
little to trade/inferior products--gold/silver only
Macao--Canton only places that they could trade during the trading season.
Early China
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Korea, like China limited trading with outsiders
Had wars with Japan and the Manchus—became isolated
Came to be known as Hermit Kingdom Japan at first welcomed traders
Adopted firearms and built castles Adopted Christianity Tokugawa shoguns grew increasingly hostile
and barred Western traders—became isolated
Korea and Japan
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Conquistadors wanted riches and to convert Native
Americans Cortes used help from the conquered peoples to fight
the Aztecs Montezuma sent gifts in hopes that the
Spanish (Quetzalcoatl?) would not continue to Tenochtitlan
The Spanish destroy the city and later build Mexico City
Pizzaro killed thousands of Peruvians and demanded ransom for their ruler and then killed him anyway.
The Americas
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Superior Military Technology Horses, muskets, cannons, metal helmets and
armor Division and Discontent among the Indians Disease brought by the Europeans
Thought that gods had deserted them because the Spanish seemed immune to the diseases that devastated the Indians
Indians believed that the disasters marked the world’s end.
Reasons for Victory
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Spain determined to have strict control over
empire both politically and economically Catholic Church baptized and forced Indians
into European customs Forbade the use of Indian slaves after abuses in
the system--encomiendas Brought slaves from Africa instead
Portugal did not bring back instant wealth Forced Indians to clear land Cattle ranching
Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas
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British and French compete over lands
British settle along the coast and around Hudson Bay
French settle along Mississippi River and around the Great Lakes
Jamestown nearly failed—tobacco French find fur
Seven Years War--In N. America and Europe France had to give up its claims
in N. America Native Americans are killed by
settlers and disease
North America
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Outposts set on the coasts of Africa by European nations
Portugal is first Many of the new kingdoms that developed in West Africa
in the early modern age were influenced by Islam Most important part of African trade--slaves Triangular Trade Middle Passage--
Floating coffins About 11 million slaves
went to America Columbian Exchange—plants,
technology and cultures
Africa