WORLD HEALTH DAY 2016

HALT THE RISE BEAT

DIABETESBY CHANDRA SHEKAR. M

#ROLL NO: 20

WHO will celebrate its birthday on 7 April 2016 - World Health DayThe Day provides an opportunity for individuals in every community to get involved in activities that can lead to better health.

Each year a theme is selected that highlights a priority area of public health. . But this year, not with cake. The traditional birthday cake will be replaced by healthier options, like fruit, and a call to action to Tackle Diabetes.

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Themes of last 5 yrs:

• 2015:from farm to plate, make food safe• 2014: Small bite, big threat• 2013: Blood Pressure – take control• 2012:Good health add life to years• 2011:Antimicrobial resistance

07-Apr-15

Rational usage of antibiotic2011 theme

Vector borne diseases 2014 theme

108 million

422 million1980

2014

Why this theme was chosenBecause diabetes is on the rise – dramatically.The number of adults in the world with diabetes has nearly quadrupled since 1980 to 422 million adults

Simple lifestyle measures have been shown to be effective in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes(type 2) The goals of WHD 2016 are (1) scale up prevention, (2) strengthen care, and (3) enhance surveillance.

What is diabetes?It’s a heterogeneous metabolic disorder with common feature of chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbance of carbohydrate ,protein and lipid metabolism .This could be due toAbsence of insulinReduction of insulinReduced receptor ability to use insulin

Types?There’s Type 1, Type 2, Gestational, Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Impaired Fasting Glycaemia (IFG).

Type 1 is where the pancreas doesn’t produce any insulin.People with it need to have insulin every day. Scientists don’t know what causes Type 1.

Type 2 is where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body’s cells don’t react to insulin.(MOST COMMON)It is usually caused by excess body weight and physical inactivity, because the body isn’t using insulin effectively.

Gestational diabetes is a condition some pregnant women suffer. It’s where blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to make them Type 2.It can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery. Women with it, and their children, also have more chance of developing Type 2.

Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Impaired Fasting Glycaemia (IFG) are intermediate conditions in the transition between normality and Type 2 diabetes.

Causative risk factors

Tobacco use Unhealthy diets

Physical inactivity

Harmful use of alcohol

Non-communicable diseases

Heart disease and stroke Diabetes Cancer Chronic lung disease

Diagnosis-Prevention – Control

"People with diabetes can live long and healthy lives if their disease is detected and well-managed."Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General

Diagnosis and treatmentOnly high group individuals are screened.Early diagnosis can be accomplished through relatively inexpensive testing of blood sugar by oral glucose tolerance test. Also urine test for glucoseInterventions that are both cost-saving and feasible in developing countries include:blood glucose control, particularly in type 1 diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes require insulin, people with type 2 diabetes can be treated with oral medication, but may also require insulin;blood pressure control; andfoot care.Other cost saving interventions include:•screening and treatment for retinopathy (which causes blindness);•blood lipid control (to regulate cholesterol levels);•screening for early signs of diabetes-related kidney disease and treatment.

Primary preventionpopulation strategy type 1-basis of current knowledge type 2-elimination of environmental risk factor•Pressing need for primordial preventionNormal body weightBy healthy nutritional habitsPhysical exercise high-risk strategy• type 2-sedentary life –style ,over nutrition ,obesitySecondary prevention Treatment aims : Maintain blood glucose level Maintain ideal body weightTertiary prevention objective: Organize specialized clinics and units capable of providing diagnostic and management skills of a high order

CLINICAL APPROACH

WHO response

Prevention

Ending childhood obesity

Fiscal policies, legislation

Settings- based approaches

WHO responseWHO aims to stimulate and support the adoption of effective measures for the surveillance, prevention and control of diabetes and its complications, particularly in low and middle-income countries. To this end, WHO:provides scientific guidelines for the prevention of major NCDs including diabetes;develops norms and standards for diabetes diagnosis and care;builds awareness on the global epidemic of diabetes, marking World Diabetes Day (14 November);The “WHO Global report on diabetes” provides an overview of the diabetes burden, the interventions available to prevent and manage diabetes, and recommendations for governments, individuals, the civil society and the private sector.The WHO “Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health” complements WHO's diabetes work by focusing on population-wide approaches to promote healthy diet and regular physical activity .

To help prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications, people of all ages should:• achieve and maintain healthy body weight;• be physically active – at least 30 minutes of regular,

moderate-intensity activity on most days; • eat a healthy diet of 3-5 servings of fruit and

vegetables a day and reduce sugar and saturated fats intake; and

• avoid tobacco use – smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (adults with diabetes historically have rates of CVD 2 to 3 times higher than those of adults without diabetes).

Preventing Diabetes by who

Diabetes and the global NCD agenda

2011 UN Political

Declaration on NCDs

NCD Global Action Plan 2013-2020

NCD Targets for 2025 – Halt the rise in Diabetes

SDG target- One third reduction in premature

mortality from NCDs (including

Diabetes)

Eat healthyBe active

Follow medical advice

Beat diabetes

^ World Health Day, World Health Day (April 11, 2016). "WHO". www.who.int. WHO. Retrieved April 11, 2016.Jump up^ World Health Organization, World Health Day 2016: Diabetes. Geneva. Accessed 16 March 2016.

REFERENCE

References1.Huizinga MM, Rothman RL. Addressing the diabetespandemic: A comprehensive approach. Indian J Med Res2006;124 : 481-4.2.Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H.Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 : 1047-53.3.Sicree R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Diabetes and impaired glucosetolerance. In: Gan D, editor. Diabetes Atlas. InternationalDiabetes Federation. 3rd ed. Belgium: InternationalDiabetes Federation; 2006 p. 15-103.4.Ahuja MMS. Epidemiological studies on diabetes mellitus inIndia. In: Ahuja MMS, editor. Epidemiology of diabetes indeveloping countries. New Delhi: Interprint; 1979 p. 29-38.5.Ramachandran A, Jali MV, Mohan V, Snehalatha C,Viswanathan M. High prevalence of diabetes in an urbanpopulation in south India. BMJ 1988; 297 : 587-90.6.Sridhar GR, Rao PV, Ahuja MMS. Epidemiology of diabetesand its complications. In: RSSDI textbook of diabetesmellitus. Hyderabad: Research Society for the Study ofDiabetes in India; 2002 p. 95-112.7.Rao PV, Ushabala P, Seshaiah V, Ahuja MMS, Mather HM.The Eluru survey: prevalence of known diabetes in a ruralIndian population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1989; 7 : 29-31.8.Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Dharmaraj D, ViswanathanM. Prevalence of glucose intolerance in Asian Indians.Urban-rural difference and significance of upper bodyadiposity.Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 1348-55.9.Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Latha E, Vijay V,Viswanathan M. Rising prevalence of NIDDM in an urbanpopulation in India. Diabetologia 1997; 40 : 232-7.10.Raman Kutty V, Joseph A, Soman CR. High prevalence oftype 2 diabetes in an urban settlement in Kerala, India.Ethn Health 1999;4: 231-9.

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