WORLD PRESS DIGEST

The followill{} cxcerpt~ alld qIiotntioPUI Mt'e bun taken from magazine8 andlIt:tcspapers which were p'uUuhell outllidc of East A Ilia d'UTi1J{} the jirllt five montlillof /944.

PLANETOIDS

(OondctlAed from f,he ..N M,e Zilro/ler ZeilulI{}."Zilrich)

In tho New Yea,r night of January 1,1801, Piazzi in Palermo discovered the firstof the tiny planets. By 1800, 300 of themhad been found by visual means in tho'tJl'CC betwecn t,he orbits of Mars and Jupiter.With the corning of photography it waspossible to cutalogue I,SOO planetoids whosoorbits coull be more or less determinl"Xl,while some 5,000 members of tho planetoid1W8rm have been observed at lea·t once.Modern studies of the kies ha\'e shown that,with the means avaih1blo at present toecience, as nl/lIlY as 50,000 planetoids couldprobably be found.

All theso tiny planets aro being system-• atically catlllogued by IJ, smoothly working

intornatioll!tl organization. The observa­tories of I3crn, .Heidelberg. Vi'nna, Brus!;e)s,Algiers, Cortlobll, the Cape of Good Hope,and Johllntll'sburg are collaborating withthe in htute for astronomical calculationsof Profest!or Hrendel in Heidelberg, ProfessorNlIffierO\' in Leningrad. and Professor MU,II­

derli in Bern. The central point of theorganization is the Institute for A.stronomicalCalculation!! in Berlin, which i:l.Sues thecatalogues and circulars of observation.

The reason for this organization becomcsclear when olle is told that the discovery ofA planetoid means only tho beginning ofthe work. Obs rvers Illust see t,o it that asmany and a' exact loci of the planet aspossi ble arc c t.a blishctl, covering as long aperiod of t,ime a possibl·. Only then ('fintho laboriolls work of the calculators begin:the detormilllltion of the orbit. Followingin the foot tcps of Kepler, Euler, Lugrange,·And Luplace, it was the German math ma­tician K. F. Gauss who finally worked outthe perfect method of determining the orbitof planets and glanetoids. With this motbodit became POSllI ble to find the six elementsof the orbit by means of three complete

observations. These elements teU us aU wehave to know about the size and shape ofthe orbit, its situation in space, and thep.osition of the plauet in it at any giventIme.

Tho 400 or so planetoids discovered atfirst all movctl in the !!pace between Mal"8and J upitcr. The scientific world wasamazed to hear in 1898 that planetoid No.433, calletl Eros, crosses the orbit of Marsanti approaches to within 18 million kilo­meter of the earth. In 1937, the planetoidHermes was di';C()vered, whieh approachesto within 600,000 kilometers of the earth,i.e., less than twice the distance of the moonfrom tb(~ carth. On the other hand, Hidalgomakes excursions nUllO!!t as far out asSaturn. it distance from the un varyingbetween 300 million and 1,400 millionkilomcters.

The orbit,s of those planetoids whichapproa<:h closely to the large planets sufferconsiderable interference and consequentlyrcq uire an immense amount of cllJculation.But the 8cientifi yield ill worth tho trouble,as important llst:ronomical constants can bechecked ..nod adjw;tcd. Thus the calcula­t.ions for the planetoids I irene and Va.lentinemade it possible to adjust the ti 'UI'OS forthe l1lasse~ of .Mar and Jupiter. Anotherexam pic of this kino is provided by Ero ,whoso orbit was observed in grcat detail bymore than a score of observlltoricll in thoperiod from 1930 to W42. With the aid ofthese observations Professor Stucke of theI nst itute for A tronomical Calculations ofBerlin calculated the interference exerted byall planets with the exception of Flut/;) onEros. The object of this calculation was toconfirm or correct the figure for the distancebet.woon the earth and the . un-the mo. timportant of aU astronomical constants, asall our measurement!! of the uni\'crse arebased on this figure.

The resultant tiny adjustment means thatthe figure for the distance to the sun has

THE XXth CENTURY

"What's cookin', sisted""Say, sister.""What's cookin', sister? Say!""Kinda snooty.""Yeah, kinda.""Any maiH""Yeah, plenty mail.""Folks back home okay?""Yeah, okay."" 'At's swell.""Say, sist,cr.""Where ya goin', sister~"

"Say, sii:lter.""What's cookin', sisterr'"Say, sister.""Nothin' dout'.""Kinda snooty.""Yeah kinda.""CigareU""Thanks a lot-.""It's lL crazy country.""Sure is crazy.""Snooty dames, snooty as hell.""Say, sister.""Where yo. goin', sister?""Say, sister.""What's cookin', sisted"

INFLUENZA AND WAR(COfldensed from a recent wukly report of Ihe

Hygie1le Sed;oll oj the Becrell/rial oj tile Lwgwsof Nati07'. in GClle~'O)

The widespread belief caused by theepidemio of 1918/19 that the appearance of"iolent 'flu epidemics is connected withwar and conditions created by war docs notoorrespond to facts.

Tho principal epidemics registered inEurope during the last century were in1803, 1833, 1836/37, 1847, and 1889/00, i.e.,in years of peace. On the other hand, noneof the wars of the nineteenth century wasaccompanied or followed by influenza epide.mics. The same holds good for the periodbetween the two World Wa.rs, during whichmore or less serious waves of influenza wereobserved in Europe in 1922, 1927, 1933, and1937.

A detailed study of the pandemic of 1918/19 led to the realization t hat almost all thecountries of the world were attacked byinfluenza, irrespective of the fact whetherthey had participated in the war or not.In Europe it was called " panish grippe"or "Spanish 'flu" because it first appea.redin Spain (April 1918), i.e., in a countrythat had remained out of the war. Switz~r­

land, although also a neutral, was hit by

136

LOIulOfl'S "SlIIulny E7:prMS" rorwrlll Ihe JollowingdiaWgtu between two U::; lIoldiet',; i.1I Briluill tryingto yet Jriwdly 'I1:ilh UII E/lyli8h yirl.

"Yeah.""Ko kiddinT'"No kiddin'."".Kinda tough.""I'll say.""Swell ullme, though.""Yeah, swelL""Kindo. ritzy.""Sure." ."How's tricks?"··Okay.""Yeah?""Yeah.""Say, sist<~r!"

AMERICAN LANGUAGE

had to be increased by 170,000 kilometers to149,670,000 kilometers. By tho same cal­culations, the moon was fOlmd to be heavierthun WlL'i formerly believed: its massbeing SI~611 rather than SI~28 part ofthe mass of the earth.' The relation­ship in t,be mass of the earth and moonto that of the sun has also been affected.The old figure was 329~300' the new one

is 329\m' These examples show howevery effort is being made in the ceaselessstruggle for utmost accuracy.

II we bear in mind that of all these vasthOi:lts of tiny planets only two, Ceres andVesta, can sometimes just liarely be madeout with the naked eye, wo need not beastonished that tho physical study of theplanetoids is faced with great difficulties.Only in the case of tho four largest of themhas it been possible to determine their di­ameter by direct means; they were found tobe from 200 to 800 kilometers. Photo­metrical metbods prove that the majority ofthe dwarf planet.s have a diumeter of lessthan 100 kilometers, many of them beingprobably no more than 10 to 12 kilometers.Light measurementa, especially in the caseof Eros, have led to the opinion that theplanetoids are not spherical but probably ofan irregular shape.

Statistical studies are still in full swing.They concern the distribution of orbit ele­ments in space; the possible cOlillectionsbotween planetoids and ('ometa, meteors,and the zodiacal light; and finally, the mostimportant qucstion, thc origin of these tinyspLinters of the universe. -

WORLD PRESS DIGEST

that influenza epidemic in OctoberINovember1118 just as badly as, if not worse than,Jrance and Germany, The disease struckJfrica. America, and Asia, which were.-note from the thea.ter of hostilities, In1Ddia, one of the countries most severelyaIeoted by the epidemic-which caused someIix million deaths there from June toIf()vember 1918-the living conditions hadDOt been changed at all by the war. Onlyalter hostilities had ceased in Europe didthe disease reach Australia and the islandsof the Pacific.

The findings of the Hygiene Section seemaIeo to disprove the idea that the inAuenza.'epidemics are caused by undernourishmept,of. the population. The disease violentlyravaged such countries as the UnitedStates, which by no means sidJered from mal·Dlltrition; nor did it spare the wealthyclasses, But this does not imply that foodoonditions are of no influence on the mor­iality rate from influenza. Observations~e in India seemed to point to the factthat inadequate nutrition. ma.y act as afactor in bringing about death throughlowered resistance.

}.p, regards the present influenza situation,the Hygiene Section reports that the diseasehas made its appearance in the UnitedStates in a mild form, although a largeproportion of the urban population has beenaffected. In England it began to appear inthe second half of November 1943, causingover 1,000 deaths in a single week. InNorthern Italy it was reported in the secondhalf of November, but here the mortalityrate remained insignificant. In Switzerland,Hunga.ry, Slovakia., Rumania, Denmark, a.ndNorway only It few cases or no cases at allwere reported up to the middle of December.

NEUTRALITY

Stockholm'8 "Sve11ska Daybladct" rf{J'lllarly con­ltJitlll Ctlrtoon,8 of .. Paff and P"ff," tteO un'ae dvg.,toho comlll fllI on I"e alate of the world. One oflAeir latest pkilosoph'ical re11larb is .-

"What I like best ~ the radio programis the time signal."

COMRADE LIZARD(Condetl8ed from "Time," New York)

On April 4, 1944,a statement was issuedin America which sharply rearoused US sus­picions of the Soviets. It was made byVictor Kravchenko, 38, Captain in the RedArmy and Chief of the metals section of theSoviet Purchasing CommiSBion in Washing-

137

ton. Throwing over his job-and his Sovietcitizenshi~and placing himself "under theprotection of American opinion" he wrote:

"I cannot keep silent any longer . . . . Ican no longer 8Upport double-faced politicalmaneuvers ... toward collaboration withthe United Stat.e8 and Britain while pursuingaims incompatible with 8uch collaboration.

"The Soviet Government has dissolvedthe Communist International but only inform. . . . The new democratic t.erminologyis only a maneuver . . . to promote the in­clusion of Coqununists, obedient to theKremlin, in th~ future Governments, ..of Italy, Austria and other countries.

"While profC88ing to seek the establish·ment of democracy in countries liberatedfrom Fascism, the Soviet Government athome has failed to take a single serious steptoward granting elementary liberties to theRUBBian people.

"The Rnssian people are 8ubjected tounspeakable oppr688ion and cruelties . . . .

"Being aware of the methods of struggleemployed by the Soviet rulers against politicalopponents, I fully expect t.hat they will nowbe used against me-the methods of slander,provocation, and poBBibly worse."

The Communist Daily Worker promptlyattacked Kravchenko as a "petty traitor."a "lizard," and a "miserable weakling."

THE BLACK WIDOW GOES TO WAR(C01UUnlled from "S;e UM Er," Zurich).

The most poisonous of all Americanspiders is the "black widow," which--exceptfor two little red spots on its head-is asblack as the night. Although the bite ofthis dreaded spider may prove fatal to ahuman being, the black widow is now beingbred syst.ematically, for it has been foundto be a war-essential supply of raw material.The thread spun by thi8 insect exceeds any­thing ever created by human technology int.ensiJe strength, elasticity, and durability.Although it is one fifth as thick as a humanhair, it is stronger; indeed, it is even strongerthan a steel or platinum wire of the samethickness. And this makes it the idealmaterial for the reticle in telescopes, survey­ing instruments, bomb sights, and manyother optical instruments used by the armyand navy. Once it is strung, its elasticity,which lasts for ever, always keeps the threadtaut.

138 THE XXth CENTURY

Even before the war, the reticle in opticalprecision instruments had usually beenmanufactured from spider threads suppliedby ordina,ry garden and house spiders.,Since the outbreak of war, however, this"raw material source" proved insufficient,so that the black widow had to be resorteuto.

Each of theso living spinning machines,wllich are fed a few live flies a week, suppliesup to 50 meters of thread in a week. It isproduced from a liquid which is secreted bythe insect from its spinning gland and whichimmediately coagulates to become a toughthread. The same principle is employednowadays in the chemical manufacture ofvarious artificial fibers which, however,cannot be compared in quality to the threadproduced by a spider. A certain amountof skill is required to induce the spider tospin its thread on a frame without entan­gling it. Although this work is not withoutdanger to the men employed on it, it ispossible, if proper precautions are taken, toavoid being bitten by the spiders. Theartificially increased productivity has certaindisadvantageous conseq\lences-for the spi­der: its life, which is normally about a year,is shortened to four months at the most.

SHE COUI:.D TAKE IT(Condensed from the "Schweizer IIltis/nerle Zeilung,"

Z'ul'ich)

DlITing an air raid on a ph~ce in Thuringia,an incendiary bomb fell into the room ofthe S5-yeur-old widow Auguste Rimmlerand smashed through the lid of a linenchest, whcre it luy showering sparks in alldirections. The old lady fetched a thickwinter coat from the cupboard, threw itover the bomb, wrapped it up, Md ealmlycarried it out into the yard. where it burnedout without causing tlny damage. For thecourage she showed, she was decoratedwith the War Cross with Swords.

u,s. SOLDIERS AND RELIGION(Condensed from "Time," New York)

"When the ten million and more comemarching home again-such of them as docome back-most of them will not be bother­ing their young but hard-boiled heads anymore about religion in the old home parishthan thcy did about religion in their outfits-which was mighty little."

So Dr. Bernard Iddings Bell answers thesanguine who' believe that World War IIwill tlITll U.S. fighting men into peacetime

churchgoers. Dr. Bell, High Chmch Episco­palian priest, takes no stock in the no­atheists-in-foxholes [trenches] idea, quotes achaplain that if the saying is true it is only"because there are few atheist,s anywhere."

Dr. Bell's explanation: "The separationof Church and State in the schools, and the"astOlmding incompetence of most of thechurches in respect to religious education,and the indifference of parents to God, havecombined to turn out a group of youngpeople composed, to the extent of aboutSO%, of religious illiterates.

"The churches had not won them in thedays before they went away. They willnot have lost religion while in the forces.Few of them bad any to lose."

The men, says Bell, think of the churches"as social clubs . . . smothered by reospectability and enervated by timidity ...led chiefly by parsons more intent to pleasethe congregations than to blurt out thedisconcerting will of God . . . controlled... by smuH-bore laymen fearful lest theChurch blow ardenUy upon the latent firesof spiritual and moral revolution ... im­potent to prevent the war ... [unable] tostand for prcvention of a revengeful and dis·honest peace."

Last week a Jesuit chaplain (whose namewas withheld) corroborated this report.Wrote the chaplain: "If you read theCatholic press nowadays you get the im­pression that there is a great religious revivalgoing 011 in the armed forces. Personally1 think that is a lot of tripe. The picture ofa crucifix and a scapular medal gi\'es theimpression that every soldier says an Act ojContrition every night. But I have foundinstances of Catholics who don't even knowthe Hail Mary and as far as the Act ojConlY'ition is concerned, dou't make meltLugh! And for penance, aU I could givethem WltS, '.My Jesus mercy!' to be said tentimes a day for the next ten days. It wassomething they could remember.

"The best priests aren't in uniform. Thebishops and the religious superiors are notparting with their race horses. They releasethe plugs and plow horses-evon 80 fewproblem children. '

"My experience has taught me that youhave to haunt thoBe boys in the Army.You have to come ba.ck again and againafter they have refused rto go to Confession.You have to win them, pester them, andcha.nge your attack with every visit. You

WORLD PHESS DIGEST

'" to kid Rod joke. You have got to put'-oua truths in their own language. \' aukve got to be at their beck and call 24­_ a. day and at last one day they may

you to hear their Confes!"ionil, One of., classmates once said that the job of.ling souls is like trying to catch suow·

in a tin cup, It's still tougher in theArmy.

"These solUiC'I's arc fed Lt diet of: Live• die! Kill or be kil\C'd! ExtC'rminate theIlutard I Are we going to wait untiJ thewar is over and then say 'Tllt! Tllt.'? They,~miro now the priest who will orawl 100)'d. under li\'e nmnlllnition-and t he Prot·_nt milli8ter too. They don't care veryilUch abollt words, lcast of all about ab­*act words, ('am puigu ribbons are goingIocauot an awful lot with them niter thewar, and tho man or the priC'st who has'fieen there' with thC'1U is going to ha\'c theirears."

SCOTSMAN IN THE TREASCRY(Co/l(J~....td from ..L 'J lI!1~'lrr." (J(IIW<I)

Wit,h her debts amounting to 5! lulllonpounds sterling, England hils need of amiller to watch OH'r tho expenditures of the..te, Thut miller is John Anderson, BOrlliD Scotland, he is fifty.eight year;; old. HeWIll a pennile;:s student at· the Uni\'(~rsit.v

of Edinburgh and later nt that of u:ipzig,where he obtninl·d hi/lllo('tomte of philo,.;ophy.In 1005 he ('ntC'red the eolonin.l administra·tion in a Illodei\t en paeity. Here he im­media.tely nttrn<'t.cd utt,ent ion by lIis cllerl!Yand his knaek of s{'izing upon the slightest,opportunity for promotion, 19J.l saw hilllhead of the merehant marine scn'icC'. Hard,intractable, smc of him. elf, he tuiled fOllr.teen hours a dny to reduce the bill:; sub·mittetl to tile Co\-ermuent by t.hC' shipowner!'.and did wondC'rs. As a reward, he WlI:iequipppd with full powers a nd sent to Jrelandto queU tile 1'C'\'olt fermenting therC'. Thoeons of Eire threw l'tonC's nt him but, uponhis retmn, t.he old English Conser\'llt.i \'e,.;took him to their UOSOIlJ. He bC'eumc "Sir"John Anderson.

As PerillanC'nt. C ndersC'cret a 1'\' of theBorne Oillee (Hl22,32), he SOOIl' forgot hisearli~r promise to devote hi" cHarts to thofurthrring of soC'in,1 iml1lrunee alld to tileraising of the standard of li\·ing of Seotti,<Ileailors. J.t WlIS 110t I()n~ before 110 WlIS

regarded a' a fi('ree reactionary. \\ hen the"hunger marchers" of 1930 strean\('d fromall o\'cr the country to London, he brutally

1311

stopped them and made them go homo-­without listening to what they had to say-to their fireless hellrths and bare table!:!.

In 1932, di!:!turhancel'l, risings, boycotts,and fami.nC's were multipl~-ing dangC'rou'lyin India" A man with a hard fist was thool)\ious solut.ion, All thoughts turned toSil' John. Overnight he was nppointc·dGovernor of Bengal. \\ itbiu two year!:! ofhis Ilrrivnl in Calcutta, the provinc' wusbrought complclel~' under control. 1 ut thetrains by which t.he Governor was supposedto tran'l were mysteriously del'lliled; on therace COIII'SO at Dlujeeling, some youngHindu fanatics fired on him at c1osC' rangoand disappeared immediately in the crowdof nnt.ive:<; one night. his cllr wa:i thruwnint.o the Ganges, On each oc:ca~iun hoescaped, and London ga\'e II triumphal re­ception to the "clupire builder," who reoturned without a scrnt.ch to his nat ive countryin J tl37. He waH elected to l,he board oft he Midland Bank, was invited to t he gardenTmrtios of the greatest armament dc-aiel'S,and ,.;hared in the profit-s of Vid_er -. Sixmonths later, he joined the Cabinet and, atthe outbn'ak of war. he was Honle :-i('creturyamJ ~Lini!ltcr for Pu blic Sl1fc·ty,

Since then. tbe ministers around him 1III\'echanged, Ilnd the Chambcrlain Cabinet fellundl'I' the attacks of Churchill. Andersonl'C'mained like a roC'k, HowC'vcl', i11 OctoberlHelO, being partially reo ponsible for the poororgunizat.ion of thc AltP dming the fir"tfC'w weeks of the battle 01 England lllltlbenee ext.remely unpopular aUlong tho air·raid \'ictims, he WLIS replaced in thc HomoOffice by Herbert Morrison a.nd 1\ ppoillt.cdLord Chancellor of the Exchequer.

Tall, thin with sparse hair and a rC'ddishfaC'c, he is the typiC'al S('otsll1!1n of PII1If·!t.'Scartoons. His cold, unrnovin~ p:llllH·e. histhin Lips, freeze t.he reqm'st~ of importunatepetitiollers, .In l'arlilllllent hc' is a poorspeaker; his \'oice is dry and hesitating, andhe is unable to silence his adv('I'Sllries by Itlight ning retort, He will never be popu'lar,but tbi,.; fact docs II0t bot,her him much,His connections with heavy industry. hiRConsen'ative friends who ,;upport him,und the Rigbtest jourtllliists who takC' hisside, arc his protection against wind lindtide,

What docs hC' care whC'ther he is hlnmedfor sabotaging the Beveridge plan, forimposing excessi vely bea vy lllxC'!-l Oil thomiddJe classes, for fuvoring his friends withGovernmC'nt job!:!? He is convinced thot he

THE XXth CENTURY140

is doing his best in carrying out the workdemanded from him by Churchill.

THE GENERAL WON(Cooo.m-l from "TirM," New York)

John Hersey's A Bell For Adano is thestory of what happens behind the lines ofa typical Italian town in the confused inter­lude between war and reconstruction­when the high aims for which the war wasfought disappear before the realities ofincompetence, brutality, red tape, swolleneyes, dead bodies, ruined buildings, ruinedlives, cynicism, contempt, and the starvedinertia of purposeless living.

It begins when Major Victor Joppolo,35, lL seuior officer of the Allied MilitaryGovernment of Occupied Territory, entersthe town of Adano. It ends, 266 pages andthrec weeks later, when he is recalled. .

Hero of the book is l\{ajor Joppolo. Heis patient, tenacious, understanding, humblein the seMe of being willing to drudge forwhat he believes in, and possessed of agenuine love for Adano, the place and thepeople. This love is epitomized in his effortto get the people of Adana a church bell toreplace the bell the Germans carried. off forscrap. 'ictor Joppolo brings to Adano. theunbelievable thought that government shouldbe the servant of the people. Thero are nosubtle shadings in Author Hersey's portraits.Victor is unqualifiedly good.

U.S. Divisional Commander General Mar·vin, who resembles General Patton, is un­qualifiedly bad. He has been built up a,'!one of the heroes of tho in\'llSion. But "Ican tell you perfectly cI\lmly that GeneralMarvin showed himself during tho invasionto be a bad man, something worse thanwhat our troops were trying to throw out."

When a mule cart blocked his armoredcar outside Adano, General Marvin orderedtho cllrt tippe<.l off tho road. When thoterritied mule begl\n to s ream, the Generalordered it shot. When his stuff officersobjected, thinking of tho effect on thetownspeople of Adana, the Genoral dl\mnedthem up and down. Then the Generalissued an order forbidding !lny carts toenter Adana. That stopped all food to thesturving town. When General Marvin andMajor Joppolo met, each felt an instan­taneous, unrelenting mutual dislike thatgrew in a few moments to inwnlSo hatred.Whcn the Geneml discovered that Joppolohad countermanded his order and had let

the food carts comeuntil he choked.

~bjor Joppolo's requi ition for a. bell forAdano struck headquart.ers as another signof his failing mind. And when GeneralMarvin discovered that the Major was stillon the job, he stopped reading Secretary•'timson's commendations long enough tofire Joppolo.

The mood of A Bell jar Adana is bitter.Its humor is raucous und wild. It i3 adeadly account of U.S. official incompetence.

WEDDED TO EUROPE

(Colldt'll-sed from fhe "Svcllllka Dagb/adet."Stockholm)

Although Swedon's foreign trade in 1943was still considcmbly below that of theyears before the present WIlT, its totul turn·over increased frOID 18.2 million tons in1942 to 19.6 miLlion tOilS in 1943. Thedistribution was as follows in 1943:

Imports Esportl(in per cent)

Gel'tnllny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49.5 45.9Otlmr Cowltries of the Euro·

penn Continent 32.8 47.5Rest of the World 17.7 6.6

Next to Germany, Switzerland is thecountry which figures highest in Sweden',trade; in 1943 sho received about 10 per centof Sweden's export.s. The trade with Italypracticully ceasl."(l in 1943, but a certaincompensation is to be found in the increaseof trade with Spain and Portugal. .

The tmde with countries out.side of theEuropean Continent hus shown a furtherdecrease. From 21.5 per cent in H.l42 theproportion of theso imports was reduced to17.7 fJor cent, while Sweden's export tocountries out.side of the Eu.ropean Continenttlhrank almost 50 per cent from HH2 to 19-13.

Among import.ed goods, coal tltkcs firstplace in volume. Its imports [from Ger.ma.nv] increased frolll 194.2 to 1943 bv almostoue ,-nillion tons, llmolwting to 3.5S milliontOIlS in 1\)43.

HE FIGURED

(Condensed from "Timl"," Sew Yor!.:)

In tho. 'outh PacifiC', II l.S. flY('r landed. after disregarding order~ by flying through

his own side's flak. \\ hen reprimundedho explained '"I figured if thoy coulon't hitthe Japanese, thoy couldn't hit Ole."