World War 1 Timeline and Aviation

By: Jose Marquez 3B

TIMELINE PROJECT PLANNING4 Years

1918

1913

1916

1915

1914

1917

The U.S. Gets involved in the war

The Start of the warAssassination of The Arch Duke.

The End of the war

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1914- 1918

1914 Intro

• The explosive that was World War One had been long in the stockpiling; the spark was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.

• Ferdinand's death at the hands of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist secret society, set in train a mindlessly mechanical series of events that culminated in the world's first global war.

• It did so by issuing an ultimatum to Serbia which, in the extent of its demand that the assassins be brought to justice effectively nullified Serbia's sovereignty. Sir Edward Grey, the British Foreign Secretary, was moved to comment that he had "never before seen one State address to another independent State a document of so formidable a character."

• Austria-Hungary's expectation was that Serbia would reject the remarkably severe terms of the ultimatum, thereby giving her a pretext for launching a limited war against Serbia.

1914 Part 1

• June 28th Francis Ferdinad was assassinated Sarajevo• July 5th• Kaiser William II promised German support for Austria against Serbia• • July 28th• Austria declared war on Serbia• • August 1st• Germany declared war on Russia• • August 3rd• Germany declared war on France and invaded Belgium. Germany had

to implement the Schlieffen Plan.•

1914 Part 2

• August 4th• Britain declared war on Germany• • August 23rd• The BEF started its retreat from Mons. Germany invaded France.• • August 26th• Russian army defeated at Tannenburg and Masurian Lakes.• • September 6th• Battle of the Marne started• • October 18th• First Battle of Ypres• • October 29th• Turkey entered the war on Germany’s side. Trench warfare started to dominate

the Western Front.

1916• January 27th• Conscription introduced in Britain • • February 21st• Start of the Battle of Verdun• • April 29th• British forces surrendered to Turkish forces at Kut in Mesopotamia• • May 31st• Battle of Jutland• June 4th Start of the Brusilov Offensive • July 1st• Start of the Battle of the Somme• August 10th End of the Brusilov Offensive • September 15th• First use en masse of tanks at the Somme• • December 7th• Lloyd George becomes British Prime Minister

1917• February 1st• France launched an unsuccessful offensive on the Western Front• Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare campaign started• April 6th• • USA declared war on Germany• • April 16th• • July 31st• Start of the Third Battle at Ypres• • October 24th• Battle of Caporetto – the Italian Army was heavily defeated• • November 6th• Britain launched a major offensive on the Western Front• • November 20th• British tanks won a victory at Cambrai• • December 5th• Armistice between Germany and Russia signed• • December 9th• Britain captured Jerusalem from the Turks• • •

1918• March 3rd• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and Germany.• • March 21st• Germany broke through on the Somme• • March 29th• Marshall Foch was appointed Allied Commander on the Western Front• • April 9th• Germany started an offensive in Flanders• • July 15th• Second Battle of the Marne started. The start of the collapse of the German army• • August 8th• The advance of the Allies was successful• • September 19th• Turkish forces collapsed at Megiddo• • October 4th• Germany asked the Allies for an armistice• • October 29th• Germany’s navy mutinied• • October 30th• Turkey made peace

1918 Part 2

• November 3rd• Austria made peace• November 9th• Kaiser William II abdicated• November 11th• Germany signed an armistice with the Allies – the official date of the end of World War One.• Post-war – 1919• January 4th• Peace conference met at Paris• June 21st• The surrendered German naval fleet at Scapa Flow was scuttled.• June 28th• The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the Germans.

Aviation

• The aviation war threw up new 'knights of the skies', and include such luminaries as the Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen, the legendary French air ace Georges Guynemer, and the indomitable and controversial Canadian Billy Bishop.

• French fighter pilots –Next slide

French Fighter Pilots• 1.Armand Pinsard• 2.Charles Nungesser• 3.Marsel Nogues• 4.Jean Navarre• 5.Pierre Marinovitch• 6.George Madon• 7.Charles Mace• 8.Adrien Leps• 9.Maxime Lenoir• 10.Auguste Lahoulle• 11.George Guynemer• 12.Gabriel Guerin

French Fighter Pilots Part 2• 13.Paul Gastin• 14.Roland Garros• 15.Hector Garaud• 16.Rene Fonck• 17.Jacques Ehlrich• 18.Albert Louis Deullin• 19.Michel Coiffard• 20.Jean Casale• 21.Maurice Boyau• 22.Leon Bourjade• 23.Maurice Bizot• 24.Jean Paul Elzeard Ambrogi

The Beginning of Aerial Warfare

• The history of World War One aviation is a rich and varied story. It was marked by a period of very rapid technological development, where aircraft evolved from their humble beginnings as unarmed slow moving, fragile, powered kites, into quick, agile, sturdy, deadly fighter craft and rugid bombers bristling with machine guns and a large load of bombs to bring the battle to those on the ground. The skies soon became a dangerous place where sudden death waited for the unwary or unlucky.

• The first airplanes were not seen as offensive weapons, but as “scouts”. Even at the end of the war, the fighter types, such as the Sopwith Snipe and Fokker D8, were still classified as scouts.

Aerial Warfare

• Although horses were used to scout out the enemies' position, they had serious limitations.The scout planes had a greater freedom of movement, a much wider range of operation and the unparalelled speed to accomplish these missions. Unharrassed by the enemy ground forces the reconnaissance aircraft could monitor the enemies' movement and positions from a great altitude. Aerial photography was a vital operation for both sides of the war.

Sopwith Triplane - 1916

• World War one aviators were seen as more than soldiers, they were the Knights of the sky The faces of the top rated aces on the Western Front

• Some Notable Aircraft of The Great War• Sopwith Triplane - 1916• The Sopwith Triplane was used in combat by the

Royal Naval Air Service. The stack of three wings reduced wingspan and increased wing area making it handle and climb better than biplanes.

Albatros D.V

• The Albatros D.V was a fighter aircraft used by the Luftstreitkräfte (Imperial German Air Service) during World War I. The D.V was the final development of the Albatros D.I family, and the last Albatros fighter to see operational service. Despite its well-known structural shortcomings and general obsolescence, approximately 900 D.V and 1,612 D.Va aircraft were built before production halted in early 1918. The D.Va continued in operational service until the end of the war.

Pfalz A.Ib- 1914

• Although horses were used to scout out the enemies' position, they had serious limitations.The scout planes had a greater freedom of movement, a much wider range of operation and the unparalelled speed to accomplish these missions. Unharrassed by the enemy ground forces the reconnaissance aircraft could monitor the enemies' movement and positions from a great altitude. Aerial photography was a vital operation for both sides of the war.

German Aviation 1918

• Fokker D.VII• The Fokker D.VII is widely regarded as the best German aircraft of the war. Its

development was championed by Manfred von Richthofen. In January 1918, Richthofen tested the D.VII in the trials at Adlershof but never had an opportunity to fly it in combat. He was killed just days before it entered service. When introduced, the D.VII was not without problems. On occasion its wing ribs would fracture in a dive or high temperatures would cause the gas tank to explode. Even so, the D.VII proved to be durable and easy to fly. As noted by one authority, it had “an apparant ability to to make a good pilot out of mediocre material.”. When equipped with the BMW engine, the D.VII could outclimb any Allied opponent it encountered in combat. Highly maneuverable at all speeds and altitudes, it proved to be more than a match for any of the British or French fighter planes of 1918.

ombat. He was killed just days before it entered service. When introduced, the D.VII was not without problems. On occasion its wing ribs would fracture in a dive or high temperatures would cause the gas tank to explode. Even so, the D.VII proved to be durable and easy to fly. As noted by one authority, it had “an apparant ability to to make a good pilot out of mediocre material.”. When equipped with the BMW engine, the D.VII could outclimb any Allied opponent it encountered in combat. Highly maneuverable at all speeds and altitudes, it proved to be more than a match for any of the British or French fighter planes of 1918.

The Great War, a World in Flames

• The Great War, a World in Flames• The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to throne of

Austria-Hungary, and his wife in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28th of 1914 set off a conflict that engulfed Europe, and America. When Austria declared war on Serbia that day. By the end of the year the regional conflict exploded into a war that spanned the globe.

• The Great War consumed the world in a conflict that was unrivaled until that time. It was a kind of war far different than the one that was waged on the ground. The fight for control of the air was where the cunning, and bravery of the individual could matter for much. This website is my tribute to those fragile aircraft and to the brave pilots on both sides that flew them.