world war i 1
TRANSCRIPT
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World War I
“The Great War”--the war to end all wars--
1914-1918#22
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All Quiet on the Western Front-US History Honors-
Erich Maria Remarque - Author Motion Pictures 1930/1977/NOW
Book – 1929Banned & Burned in NAZI Germany
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War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!
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German Soldier at Verdun
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WW I – More people died in one battle than in our entire Civil War
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Four Main Causes of WW I1) Nationalism – Strong feelings people have for
their own country
Americans feeling when watching Olympics: Michael Phelps wins Gold
“Extreme Pride for your own country”
Europe was a small place with many Developed & Competing Countries
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Aggressive Nationalism Aggressive Nationalism
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2) Imperialism – The struggle or competition for colonies around the world
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3) International RivalriesThe nations of Europe wanted to weaken their rivals
and strengthen alliances• Many countries in a small location• Build Armies for Defense & Strength• This leads to a great “Arms Race”Example
1) Germany’s new navy challenged Britain's long standing naval supremacy2) Germany’s disciplined army scared its
neighbors France & Russia
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The Dreadnought Battleship-the most powerful war machine on earth
• Br. Started building & Gr. quickly followed
• Started the “Arms Race”
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Militarism & Arms Race Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions
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4) System of Alliances• Attempt by each country to gain security through
alliancestried to find – “Balance of Power”
• Many Alliances were done in secrecy
- other countries didn’t know what side you
were on “entangling alliances”
Two Main Alliances1) Triple Entente – GB,FR,Russia (Allies)2) Central Powers – GR, A-H,Otoman Empire
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The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II [Rus]
Nicholas II [Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Central Powers:Central Powers:
Enver Pasha[O.E/Turkey]Enver Pasha[O.E/Turkey]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
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Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder Keg”of Europe
Russia
A-H
Ottomans
All wanted control
The“Powder Keg”of Europe
Russia
A-H
Ottomans
All wanted control
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The “Spark”That Starts the
Great War
The “Spark”That Starts the
Great War
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family – Heir to throne in A-H
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family – Heir to throne in A-H
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The Assassination/ SarajevoThe Assassination/ Sarajevo
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The Assassin: The Assassin: Gavrilo PrincipSerbian NationalistWanted to free the Slavic people in A-H-Liberate the Balkans
Gavrilo PrincipSerbian NationalistWanted to free the Slavic people in A-H-Liberate the Balkans
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Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
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Chain of Events Take Place• A-H declares war on Serbia/ July 28, 1914• Russia comes to the aid of Serbia• Germany declares war on Russia & Fr.• Britain stays neutral until Gr. Attacks Fr.• Italy is drawn in by Allies – land from A-H
The USA - Neutral
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German Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers
European Countries Mobilize for War
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French Women Factory Workers French Women Factory Workers
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France Germany Russia Britain0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Soldiers MobilizedM
illi
on
s
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New French RecruitsNew French Recruits
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The Schlieffen PlanGR. Attacks Fr. Through
Belgium
The Schlieffen PlanGR. Attacks Fr. Through
Belgium
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Two Front War Developsin Europe
1) Eastern Front Gr. & A-H push deep into Russia - then slows
2) Western Front Gr. Attacks France through Belgium1st Battle of the Marne
- Allies stop the Gr. Offensive just outside of Paris as the attack bogs down
Trench War – Stalemate (attack-retreat)
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No Man’s Land / “Going Over the Top”
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German trenches
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Major Trench Battles in WWI
1) Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)A sacred place for the French “Battle of Attrition”
1 million men – killed/wounded/missing
2) Battle of the Somme (July-Nov 1916)
started to take pressure off of Verdun60,000 Br. Casualties in one day1 million killed
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Somme Battlefield MapVerdun is slightly south
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The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”“No Man’s Land”
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Trench with French soldiers
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German remains at Verdun
Dead French soldiers in the Argonne
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The Western FrontThe Western Front
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The Central Powers end up Fighting a Two Front War
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Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
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Fighting Took place in the Colonies too - Africa
Fighting Took place in the Colonies too - Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen
[German E. Africa]
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen
[German E. Africa]
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T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia) & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia) & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
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Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War
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Development of Pilates
• Joseph Pilates – Born in Germany• Wanted to help injured soldiers regain
confidence & control of their lives after suffering debilitating injuries on the Front
• This became the core strengthening workout used today
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The Shell-Shattered Area of Chateau Wood, Flanders
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Scene in the trenches
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Looking out from the entrance of a A A A Captured Pill-Box on the Shell
Ravaged Battlefield
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Weapons of War The Great War saw destruction on the
field of battle like never before1) Old-Fashioned Strategies
2) New Technologies
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German U-Boats
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Allied Ships Sunk by U-BoatsAllied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
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Poison Gas Attacks
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The three main types of Poison Gas
Chlorine - a greenish, yellow heavier than air gas which in its pure form is an oxidizing agent. This means that it will react in the presence of water to cause a chemical burning effect on organic matter.
Phosgene - a colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas formed by heating carbon tetrachloride. It is highly poisonous in that it will preferentially replace oxygen in the cells and quickly causes an oxygen debt within the body, unconsciousness and death.
Mustard gas - gas with a distinctive mustard smell, it causes blistering and huge sores on any exposed tissue, internal or external.
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Effects of Mustard Gas
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Gas attack seen from an airplane
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Gas masks for man and horse demonstrated by American soldier
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Russians fighting while under gas attack
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Machine Gunsshoot thousands of bullets per minute
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German machine gun trench
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Barbed Wire
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Flamethrowers
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Phosphorus Grenade Exploding
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Periscope Rifle
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Krupp 420mm howitzer
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Krupp railroad gun “Big Bertha”-named after his wife / hard to locate on rail / could shoot
over 60 miles from behind German Lines
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British Mark I tank
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French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
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The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
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The AirplaneThe Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
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Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
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The Flying Aces of World War IThe Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The {Red Baron}”]Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
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Looking for the “Red Baron”Looking for the “Red Baron”
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'Who are they? What are they?' asked Sam shuddering, turning to Frodo. 'I don't know,' said Frodo in a dreamlike voice. 'But I have seen them too. In the pools when the candles were lit. They lie in all the pools, pale faces, deep under the dark water. I saw them: grim faces and evil, and noble faces and sad. Many faces proud and fair. But all foul, all rotting, all dead. A fell light is in them.' Frodo hid his eyes in his hands. 'I know not who they are…' "Yes, yes,' said Gollum. 'All dead, all rotten…There was a great battle long ago....‘
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings
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The Cause of the First World War& Map - Homework
• Answer the 10 Questions on sheet of paper• Include the 6 Questions from the WWI Map
Due ______________
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WW I – Film – NOT THIS YEAR
Identify the following from the film :1. Otto Dix2. “The Furnace”- The Battle of Verdun3. Pals4. The Battle of the Somme5. Motion Picture – The Battle of the Somme