World War I“The War to End All

Wars”1914-19181914-1918

VocabularyMilitarism (Militarismo) - policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war

Alliances (Alianzas) - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

Nationalism (Nacionalismo) - pride in or devotion to one’s country

Imperialism (Imperialismo) - when one country takes over another country economically and politically

I. Causes of the War – Historical Viewpoint

II. Events in the War III. Faces of WWIIIV. Analysing the Great

War

militarism

nationalism

imperialism

alliances

a terrorist act

brought about by brought about by the the Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution

led to an led to an arms race arms race among European among European nations: atmosphere of nations: atmosphere of lack of trustlack of trust

policy wherein military predominance policy wherein military predominance is given priority by the state is given priority by the state

struggle to expand struggle to expand territoriesterritories

the struggle for self-the struggle for self-determination;determination;served as motivation for served as motivation for fightingfighting

the enemy of your the enemy of your enemy is your friendenemy is your friend

1. Triple Entente- France, Great Britain, Russia, Serbia and eventually the U.S.2. Triple Alliance- Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Italy (which switched sides once the going got rough).

Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Causes of WWI - AlliancesCauses of WWI - Alliances

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Italy

Great Britain

France

Russia

when the austrian archduke was when the austrian archduke was assassinated by a Serbian assassinated by a Serbian nationalistnationalist

Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The Black Hand..• The main objective of the

Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia.

• Its stated aim was: "To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organization prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."

The Point of No Return:

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.

Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.

Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

The Point of No Return:

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Germany declares war on Russia.

France pledges their support for Russia.

Germany declares war on France.

Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.

Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

Flame ThrowersFlame Throwers

GrenadeLaunchersGrenade

Launchers

New TechnologiesNew Technologies

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

Poison Gas

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

Machine Gun

Tanks- Originally invented by the British, tanks become an important factor in World War I.Chemical Weapons- Used by both sides during WWI, this weapon was banned by most countries after WWI. The most common form of chemical weapon used was “mustard gas.”

TanksTanks

– Airplanes- Used at first for surveillance, this new technology increased in importance as the war came to a close. The most famous air combat pilot was the infamous “Red Barron” from Germany.

Planes used for Reconnaissance

The Flying Aces of World War I

The Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

– Big Bertha- a cannon that could fire up to 9 miles away.

– Submarines-Used extensively by the Germans, U-boats were important in disrupting shipping lines and supplies coming to the Triple Entente.

U-Boats

Cannons

The U.S. Involvement in WWI

The U.S. Involvement in WWI

– A. Events leading up to the U.S. entering WWI.

• 1. Woodrow Wilson wins the election of 1916 on the basis that he would keep the U.S. neutral.

• 2. Sussex Pledge- Germany promised not to sink passenger ships after several U.S. citizens lost their lives in an attack by German U-boats.

• 3. The Lusitania- A German U-boat sinks the ship Lusitania, in which 128 Americans lose their lives. The Germans claimed the ship carried contraband (military weapons) and that they had a right to sink the ship. The incident infuriates Americans, but they still do not enter World War I.

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman Telegram

The Zimmerman Telegram

• 4. The Zimmerman Note- The U.S. enters the war after the British uncover a secret note sent from Germany to Mexico. In the note, Germany promises to help Mexico get back all the territory (California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada) that it lost during the Mexican-American War.

AMERICAN WAR HERO Alvin York, a blacksmith from Tennessee, originally sought an exemption from the war as a Conscientious Objector

York eventually decided it was morally acceptable to fight if the cause was right

On October 8, 1918, armed with only a rifle and a revolver, York killed 25 Germans and (with six doughboys) captured 132 prisoners

Upon his return home he was promoted to Sergeant and hailed a hero

The movie

The man

Soldier’s Life

Mobilized Dead Wounded Missing/PoW Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 Great Britain 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 France 8,410,000 1,375,800 3,266,000 537,000 Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 US 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,526 Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 Japan 800,000 300 907 3 Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000

GERMANY COLLAPSES, WAR ENDS

On November 3, 1918, Germany’s partner, Austria-Hungary, surrendered to the Allies

That same day, German sailors mutinied against their government

Other revolts followed, and Germany was too exhausted to continue

So at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of the eleventh month of 1918, Germany signed a truce

ending the Great War

War ends 11/11/18

The battlefields became "killing fields" and only one word, "slaughter", accurately describes the extent of the killing, violence and destruction.

Total WarMass Slaughter

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

The Treaty established nine new nations including;

Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia

The Treaty broke up the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire empires

The Treaty barred Germany from maintaining an army, required them to give Alsace-Lorraine back to France, and forced them to pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allies

The Big Four met at Versailles

THE LEGACY OF WWI At home, the war strengthened both the military and the power of the government

For many countries the war created political instability and violence that lasted for years

Russia established the first Communist state during the war

Americans called World War I, “The War to end all Wars” --- however unresolved issues would eventually drag the U.S. into an even deadlier conflict World War II

WWI 1914-1918

22 million dead, more than half civilians. An additional 20 million wounded.