world war i
DESCRIPTION
World War I. Mrs. O’Shea United States History CHSAS. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier – Arlington Cemetery. Overview. Causes of WWI U.S. involvement in the war Effects of the war on the United States (home front) Peace efforts after war. Nationalism. Causes. Nationalism. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
OverviewOverview
Causes of WWICauses of WWI U.S. involvement in the warU.S. involvement in the war Effects of the war on the United Effects of the war on the United
States (home front)States (home front) Peace efforts after war Peace efforts after war
NationalismNationalismIntense pride in nationIntense pride in nation
Problem = Countries act on their own best interestProblem = Countries act on their own best interest
ImperialismImperialismScramble for colonies Scramble for colonies
Problem = competition leads to conflictProblem = competition leads to conflict
MilitarismMilitarism
Countries in Europe were spending Countries in Europe were spending large amounts of money on building large amounts of money on building up their armed forces. up their armed forces.
Problem: Constantly planning war Problem: Constantly planning war made war more inevitable.made war more inevitable.
System of AlliancesSystem of Alliances
Countries created protective Countries created protective relationships with other relationships with other
countries countries
Problem: If conflict occurs Problem: If conflict occurs between two countries, between two countries, other countries are bound by other countries are bound by their relationships into the their relationships into the conflict.conflict.
I got your back Russia!
Assassination of Archduke Assassination of Archduke FerdinandFerdinand
June 28, 1914 June 28, 1914 Heir to Austro-Heir to Austro-
Hungarian EmpireHungarian Empire Shot by Bosnian Shot by Bosnian
nationalistnationalist
Spark of WarSpark of War
Austria's declaration of war against Serbia Austria's declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, 1914on July 28, 1914
Russia announces it mobilization for war. Russia announces it mobilization for war. Germany declares war on Russia – August Germany declares war on Russia – August
1, 19141, 1914 Germany declares war on France – August Germany declares war on France – August
3, 19143, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany – Great Britain declares war on Germany –
August 4, 1914August 4, 1914
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/
BIG PLAYERS BIG PLAYERS
Central PowersCentral Powers
Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary
GermanyGermany
AlliesAllies
SerbiaSerbia
RussiaRussia
FranceFrance
Great BritainGreat Britain
1914 – Wilson declares 1914 – Wilson declares neutrality neutrality
(protect investments)(protect investments)
New Technology in WarfareNew Technology in Warfare Machine guns = Machine guns =
600 rounds per 600 rounds per minuteminute
Rapid fire artilleryRapid fire artillery Poison gasPoison gas Airplanes and Airplanes and
Airships (Zeppelins)Airships (Zeppelins) Tanks Tanks U-boatsU-boats
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_trench.htmlch1_trench.html
The Allies and Central Powers dug nearly 6,2500 miles of trenches by the end of 1914.
Lice
Trench foot
Rats
Dysentery
Trench fever
Ships lost to submarinesShips lost to submarinesYearYear 191191
4419151915 19161916 19171917 19181918
Number Number of Shipsof Ships
33 396396 964964 2,4392,439 1,0351,035
Battle of Somme Battle of Somme
Example of deadlock and carnage of WWI Example of deadlock and carnage of WWI trench warfaretrench warfare
British sustained nearly 60,000 casualties British sustained nearly 60,000 casualties (20,000 dead) on the first day of the attack. (20,000 dead) on the first day of the attack.
CasualtiesCasualties
British = British = 420,000420,000
French = French = 200,000200,000
Germans = Germans = 500,000500,000 Allies gained about one mile in the advance.Allies gained about one mile in the advance.
Warm-upWarm-up
Just before World War I, about one third of all Just before World War I, about one third of all Americans were first or second generation Americans were first or second generation immigrants. When the war broke out in Europe, immigrants. When the war broke out in Europe, many of these Americans citizens still felt very many of these Americans citizens still felt very close to their “old countries.”close to their “old countries.”
Which ethnic groups in the United States Which ethnic groups in the United States might have favored the nations of the Central might have favored the nations of the Central Powers? Why? Powers? Why?
Which ethnic groups might have favored the Which ethnic groups might have favored the Allies? Why?Allies? Why?
U.S. Involvement in WWIU.S. Involvement in WWI
1.1. Opposition to autocratic Opposition to autocratic Kaiser WilhelmKaiser Wilhelm
2.2. Most immigrants favored Most immigrants favored AlliesAllies
3.3. Propaganda fueled by Propaganda fueled by Britain (got our news only Britain (got our news only from them)from them)
4.4. Sinking of passenger Sinking of passenger ships by U-boats ships by U-boats (Lusitania, Sussex, City of (Lusitania, Sussex, City of Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia)Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia)
5.5. Zimmerman Note – if Zimmerman Note – if Mexico declares war Mexico declares war on U.S., Germany on U.S., Germany would give them land would give them land after war after war
6.6. Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution
– – Czar is overthrownCzar is overthrown
1917 – Wilson declares 1917 – Wilson declares
WarWar
““make the world safe for make the world safe for democracy”democracy”
Review for QuizReview for Quiz
Four Causes of WWI Four Causes of WWI Spark that started the warSpark that started the warCentral Powers vs. Allied Powers Central Powers vs. Allied Powers New Weapons New Weapons What does it mean to be neutral?What does it mean to be neutral?Six Reasons that U.S. entered the warSix Reasons that U.S. entered the warWhat side did we enter the war on?What side did we enter the war on?Who was our President? How did he justify Who was our President? How did he justify
going to war? What was his goal?going to war? What was his goal?
Mobilizing TroopsMobilizing Troops
Sent 14,500 men and $$$ Sent 14,500 men and $$$ immediatelyimmediately
Selective Service Act – all men Selective Service Act – all men between 21-30 must registerbetween 21-30 must register
24 million registered24 million registered 3 million 3 million drafteddrafted
Trained and transported by Trained and transported by convoyconvoy (thwarted u-boats)(thwarted u-boats)
HomefrontHomefront Liberty Bonds - $20 millionLiberty Bonds - $20 million Factories – commercial goods -> war Factories – commercial goods -> war
goodsgoods Lever Food and Fuel Control Act – Lever Food and Fuel Control Act –
Herbert Hoover controlled food Herbert Hoover controlled food pricing/rationing, daylight savings pricing/rationing, daylight savings timetime
Fear of German-Americans Fear of German-Americans Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to
discuss anything disloyal about the discuss anything disloyal about the U.S. government, army, navyU.S. government, army, navy
Propaganda PostersPropaganda Posters
For each poster, answer the following For each poster, answer the following questions.questions.
What is the purpose of this poster?What is the purpose of this poster? What type of person is this poster What type of person is this poster
directed towards? directed towards? Describe the use of art – characters, Describe the use of art – characters,
color (use your imagination), color (use your imagination), lettering, backgrounds.lettering, backgrounds.
End of WarEnd of War
Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed truce with Germanytruce with Germany
Germany refocused attention on Germany refocused attention on western front – gave one more big western front – gave one more big pushpush
Germany overwhelmed by U.S. Germany overwhelmed by U.S.
Signed armistice (cease-fire) – November Signed armistice (cease-fire) – November 19181918
8 million soldiers/sailors died (est.) = 8 million soldiers/sailors died (est.) = average of about 5,000 a dayaverage of about 5,000 a day
22 million dead22 million dead
U.S. lossesU.S. losses
48,000 battle deaths48,000 battle deaths
2,900 missing in action2,900 missing in action
56,000 disease related deaths56,000 disease related deaths
How do you make peace How do you make peace last?last?
Big Four – Paris Peace ConferenceBig Four – Paris Peace Conference
(France, Britain, Italy, Great Britain)(France, Britain, Italy, Great Britain)
Wilson of U.S.
End of tangling alliances
Removal of trade barriers
Reduction of military forces
Self-determination
League of Nations
George of Britain, Clemenceau of France,
Orlando of Italy
Central Powers pay reparations
Divide up Germany’s colonies?
Versailles TreatyVersailles Treaty
League of NationsLeague of Nations 9 new nations created from Germany9 new nations created from Germany Middle East divided up Middle East divided up $33 million in war reparations for $33 million in war reparations for
GermanyGermany Makes Germany admit responsibilityMakes Germany admit responsibility
Effects of War on U.S.Effects of War on U.S.
U.S. emerged as a leading industrial U.S. emerged as a leading industrial powerpower
More migration north by African More migration north by African Americans (Great Migration)Americans (Great Migration)
Intensified anti-immigrant sentimentsIntensified anti-immigrant sentiments Brought women into workplace – Brought women into workplace –
1920 = 191920 = 19thth Amendment Amendment