World War I

Mrs. O’SheaUnited States History

CHSAS

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier – Arlington Cemetery

OverviewOverview

Causes of WWICauses of WWI U.S. involvement in the warU.S. involvement in the war Effects of the war on the United Effects of the war on the United

States (home front)States (home front) Peace efforts after war Peace efforts after war

Causes

Nationalism

NationalismNationalismIntense pride in nationIntense pride in nation

Problem = Countries act on their own best interestProblem = Countries act on their own best interest

Causes

Nationalism Imperialism

ImperialismImperialismScramble for colonies Scramble for colonies

Problem = competition leads to conflictProblem = competition leads to conflict

Causes

Nationalism

Militarism

Imperialism

MilitarismMilitarism

Countries in Europe were spending Countries in Europe were spending large amounts of money on building large amounts of money on building up their armed forces. up their armed forces.

Problem: Constantly planning war Problem: Constantly planning war made war more inevitable.made war more inevitable.

Causes

Nationalism

Militarism System of Alliances

Imperialism

System of AlliancesSystem of Alliances

Countries created protective Countries created protective relationships with other relationships with other

countries countries

Problem: If conflict occurs Problem: If conflict occurs between two countries, between two countries, other countries are bound by other countries are bound by their relationships into the their relationships into the conflict.conflict.

I got your back Russia!

Causes

Nationalism Imperialism

Militarism System of Alliances

Assassination of Archduke Assassination of Archduke FerdinandFerdinand

June 28, 1914 June 28, 1914 Heir to Austro-Heir to Austro-

Hungarian EmpireHungarian Empire Shot by Bosnian Shot by Bosnian

nationalistnationalist

Spark of WarSpark of War

Austria's declaration of war against Serbia Austria's declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, 1914on July 28, 1914

Russia announces it mobilization for war. Russia announces it mobilization for war. Germany declares war on Russia – August Germany declares war on Russia – August

1, 19141, 1914 Germany declares war on France – August Germany declares war on France – August

3, 19143, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany – Great Britain declares war on Germany –

August 4, 1914August 4, 1914

http://http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/mapswww.pbs.org/greatwar/maps//

European PLAYERS European PLAYERS

Central PowersCentral Powers

Austria-HungaryAustria-HungaryGermanyGermanyBulgariaBulgaria

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

AlliesAllies

SerbiaSerbiaRussiaRussiaFranceFrance

Great BritainGreat BritainPortugalPortugal

ItalyItalyRomaniaRomaniaGreeceGreeceBelgiumBelgium

Read pages 648-650Read pages 648-650

What is trench warfare?What is trench warfare? What is a stalemate?What is a stalemate? Name a few of the new weapons of Name a few of the new weapons of

war used during WWI.war used during WWI. What was No Man’s Land?What was No Man’s Land?

Talkers – Talkers –

Add – Questions 1-5 on p. 651Add – Questions 1-5 on p. 651

1914 – Wilson declares 1914 – Wilson declares neutrality neutrality

(protect investments)(protect investments)

New Technology in WarfareNew Technology in Warfare Machine guns = Machine guns =

600 rounds per 600 rounds per minuteminute

Rapid fire artilleryRapid fire artillery Poison gasPoison gas Airplanes and Airplanes and

Airships (Zeppelins)Airships (Zeppelins) Tanks Tanks U-boatsU-boats

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_trench.html

The Allies and Central Powers dug nearly 6,2500 miles of trenches by the end of 1914.

Lice

Trench foot

Rats

Dysentery

Trench fever

Ships lost to submarinesShips lost to submarinesYearYear 191191

4419151915 19161916 19171917 19181918

Number Number of Shipsof Ships

33 396396 964964 2,4392,439 1,0351,035

Battle of Somme Battle of Somme

Example of deadlock and carnage of WWI Example of deadlock and carnage of WWI trench warfaretrench warfare

British sustained nearly 60,000 casualties British sustained nearly 60,000 casualties (20,000 dead) on the first day of the attack. (20,000 dead) on the first day of the attack.

CasualtiesCasualties

British = British = 420,000420,000

French = French = 200,000200,000

Germans = Germans = 500,000500,000 Allies gained about one mile in the advance.Allies gained about one mile in the advance.

Warm-upWarm-up

Just before World War I, about one third of all Just before World War I, about one third of all Americans were first or second generation Americans were first or second generation immigrants. When the war broke out in Europe, immigrants. When the war broke out in Europe, many of these Americans citizens still felt very many of these Americans citizens still felt very close to their “old countries.”close to their “old countries.”

Which ethnic groups in the United States Which ethnic groups in the United States might have favored the nations of the Central might have favored the nations of the Central Powers? Why? Powers? Why?

Which ethnic groups might have favored the Which ethnic groups might have favored the Allies? Why?Allies? Why?

U.S. Involvement in WWIU.S. Involvement in WWI

1.1. Opposition to autocratic Opposition to autocratic Kaiser WilhelmKaiser Wilhelm

2.2. Most immigrants favored Most immigrants favored AlliesAllies

3.3. Propaganda fueled by Propaganda fueled by Britain (got our news only Britain (got our news only from them)from them)

4.4. Sinking of passenger Sinking of passenger ships by U-boats ships by U-boats (Lusitania, Sussex, City of (Lusitania, Sussex, City of Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia)Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia)

5.5. Zimmerman Note – if Zimmerman Note – if Mexico declares war Mexico declares war on U.S., Germany on U.S., Germany would give them land would give them land after war after war

6.6. Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

– – Czar is overthrownCzar is overthrown

1917 – Wilson declares 1917 – Wilson declares

WarWar

““make the world safe for make the world safe for democracy”democracy”

Mobilizing TroopsMobilizing Troops

Sent 14,500 men and $$$ Sent 14,500 men and $$$ immediatelyimmediately

Selective Service Act – all men Selective Service Act – all men between 21-30 must registerbetween 21-30 must register

24 million registered24 million registered 3 million 3 million drafteddrafted

Trained and transported by Trained and transported by convoyconvoy (thwarted u-boats)(thwarted u-boats)

Johnnie, get your gun,Johnnie, get your gun,Get your gun, get your Get your gun, get your gun,gun,Take it on the run,Take it on the run,On the run, on the On the run, on the run.run.Hear them calling, you Hear them calling, you and me,and me,Every son of liberty.Every son of liberty.Hurry right away,Hurry right away,No delay, go today,No delay, go today,Make your daddy gladMake your daddy gladTo have had such a To have had such a lad.lad.Tell your sweetheart Tell your sweetheart not to pine,not to pine,To be proud her boy's To be proud her boy's in line. in line. (chorus sung twice)(chorus sung twice)

Johnnie, get your gun,Johnnie, get your gun,Get your gun, get your Get your gun, get your gun,gun,Johnnie show the HunJohnnie show the HunWho's a son of a gun.Who's a son of a gun.Hoist the flag and let her Hoist the flag and let her fly,fly,Yankee Doodle do or die.Yankee Doodle do or die.Pack your little kit,Pack your little kit,Show your grit, do your Show your grit, do your bit.bit.Yankee to the ranks,Yankee to the ranks,From the towns and the From the towns and the tanks.tanks.Make your mother proud Make your mother proud of you,of you,And the old Red, White And the old Red, White and Blue. and Blue.

Warm-up – Explain this Warm-up – Explain this song. song.

HomefrontHomefront Liberty Bonds - $20 millionLiberty Bonds - $20 million Factories – commercial goods -> war Factories – commercial goods -> war

goodsgoods Lever Food and Fuel Control Act – Lever Food and Fuel Control Act –

Herbert Hoover controlled food Herbert Hoover controlled food pricing/rationing, daylight savings pricing/rationing, daylight savings timetime

Fear of German-Americans Fear of German-Americans Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to

discuss anything disloyal about the discuss anything disloyal about the U.S. government, army, navyU.S. government, army, navy

Propaganda PostersPropaganda Posters

For each poster, answer the following For each poster, answer the following questions.questions.

What is the purpose of this poster?What is the purpose of this poster? What type of person is this poster What type of person is this poster

directed towards? directed towards? Describe the use of art – characters, Describe the use of art – characters,

color (use your imagination), color (use your imagination), lettering, backgrounds.lettering, backgrounds.

Warm-up – May 10Warm-up – May 10

Read pages 659-661. Answer Read pages 659-661. Answer following questions:following questions:

1)1) Why did Russia withdraw from the Why did Russia withdraw from the war?war?

2)2) How did the Russian withdrawal How did the Russian withdrawal help the Germans? help the Germans?

3)3) What is an armistice?What is an armistice?

End of WarEnd of War

Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed truce with Germanytruce with Germany

Germany refocused attention on Germany refocused attention on western front – gave one more big western front – gave one more big pushpush

Germany overwhelmed by U.S. Germany overwhelmed by U.S.

Signed armistice (cease-fire) – November Signed armistice (cease-fire) – November 19181918

8 million soldiers/sailors died (est.) = 8 million soldiers/sailors died (est.) = average of about 5,000 a dayaverage of about 5,000 a day

22 million dead22 million dead

U.S. lossesU.S. losses

48,000 battle deaths48,000 battle deaths

2,900 missing in action2,900 missing in action

56,000 disease related deaths56,000 disease related deaths

How do you make peace How do you make peace last?last?

Big Four – Paris Peace ConferenceBig Four – Paris Peace Conference

(France, USA, Italy, Great Britain)(France, USA, Italy, Great Britain)

Wilson of U.S.

End of tangling alliances

Removal of trade barriers

Reduction of military forces

Self-determination

League of Nations

George of Britain, Clemenceau of France,

Orlando of Italy

Central Powers pay reparations

Divide up Germany’s colonies?

Versailles TreatyVersailles Treaty

League of NationsLeague of Nations 9 new nations created from Germany9 new nations created from Germany Middle East divided up Middle East divided up $33 million in war reparations for $33 million in war reparations for

GermanyGermany Makes Germany admit responsibilityMakes Germany admit responsibility

Effects of War on U.S.Effects of War on U.S.

U.S. emerged as a leading industrial U.S. emerged as a leading industrial powerpower

More migration north by African More migration north by African Americans (Great Migration)Americans (Great Migration)

Intensified anti-immigrant sentimentsIntensified anti-immigrant sentiments Brought women into workplace – Brought women into workplace –

1920 = 191920 = 19thth Amendment Amendment

Review for QuizReview for Quiz

Four Causes of WWI Four Causes of WWI Spark that started the warSpark that started the warCentral Powers vs. Allied Powers Central Powers vs. Allied Powers New Weapons New Weapons What does it mean to be neutral?What does it mean to be neutral?Six Reasons that U.S. entered the war – Six Reasons that U.S. entered the war –

Zimmerman Note, U-Boat Activity of Zimmerman Note, U-Boat Activity of Germany (Lusitania) Germany (Lusitania)

What side did we enter the war on?What side did we enter the war on?Who was our President? Who was our President?

MilitarismMilitarism MobilizationMobilization Central PowersCentral Powers AlliesAllies Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution ConvoyConvoy GenocideGenocide ArmisticeArmistice Selective Service ActSelective Service Act Herbert Hoover – Food Herbert Hoover – Food

Administration Administration