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World War I Chapter 29

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The Rise of Nationalism Nations competing for power Competition for colonies in Africa and Asia Other groups, Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians pushing for independence

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Military Powers European Nations believed they needed to have a powerful military Militarism- policy of glorifying the military power and keeping an army prepared for war

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Militarism Frightened Many The entire able-bodied population are preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it is true, wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace and determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable accident, for the spark to fall in a flashand blow all Europe sky-high Frederic Passy (1895)

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Rivalries and Alliances Emerge

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Otto Von Bismarck What tactic/strategy did he use to unify Germany?

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Rivalries and Alliances Bismarck believed Germanys greatest threat was France As long as it is without alliesFrance poses no danger to us -Otto Von Bismarck

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Triple Alliance Germany formed a dual alliance with Austria- Hungary Italy joined the Alliance a couple years later Bismarck then also signed a treaty with Russia

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Triple Alliance Treaty 1.What country was this document bringing into the alliance? 2.What was one of the chief aims of the Triple Alliance? 3.What happens if Italy is attacked by France? 4.Article 4: What happens if a great power attacks one of the high contracting powers? 5.Is the treaty secretive or open? 6.How long is the treaty initially in force for?

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Germany Slips Up Kaiser Wilhelm II forced Bismarck to resign in 1890 He did not want to share power with anyone Wanted to show the world how mighty Germany was

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Germany Slips Up Wilhelm let treaty with Russia run out in 1890 Russia formed a military alliance with France in 1892 This was Bismarcks greatest fear War with one would be war with the other 2 front war

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Germany Slips Up Wilhelm also began a massive ship building project Wanted his navy equivalent to Great Britain GB was threatened by Germany

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Triple Entente Great Britain forms an alliance with France In 1907, Great Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente

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Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente France, Russia, and Great Britain

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Crisis in the Balkans

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The Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire encompassed Turkey and the Balkan Peninsula However, its power was in decline and several nationalist groups declared their independence

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Balkan Nations These new formed countries in the Balkans included Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia All these countries looked to extend their borders

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Serbia Had a large Slavic population Wanted to absorb all Slavs on the Balkan Peninsula Russia, mostly Slavic, supported Serbian Nationalism Austria-Hungary did not Novak Djokovic

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Austria-Hungary Was afraid a Slavic Nation in the Balkans would stir rebellion amongst its Slavic population 1908, took over Bosnia and Herzegovina (2 areas with large Slavic populations)

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Tensions between A-H and Serbia Serbs were outraged by this Serbs vowed to take Bosnia and Herzegovina Austria-Hungary vowed to crush any Serbian effort to undermine their authority in the Balkans

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Remember Back19 Years Previous The entire able-bodied population are preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it is true, wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace and determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable accident, for the spark to fall in a flashand blow all Europe sky-high Frederic Passy (1895)

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A Shot Rings Throughout Europe The heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated on June 28, 1914 He and his wife, Sophie, were paying a visit to Bosnia

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A Shot Rings Throughout Europe He was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian and member of the Black Hand The Black Hand was a secret society Their goal was to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule

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Borijove Jevtics Account You are an Editor for the Serbian Chronicle. Write a newspaper account of the events that took place on June 28. Use quotes from Borijove Jevtic.

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Franz Ferdinand Band Formed in 2002 Song All for you, Sophia is speaking of Sophie as well as mentions Gavrilo Princip, the Black Hand, and Urban (Franz Ferdinand)

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War Breaks Out Austria saw this murder as an excuse to punish Serbia On July 28 Austria declared war on Serbia

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Russia Joins War Russia was an ally of Serbia with its large Slavic population Russia ordered the mobilization of troops to the Austrian border

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Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente France, Russia, and Great Britain

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Chain Reaction Russia also began mobilizing troops to the German border Germany then declared war on Russia on August 1

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Chain Reaction 2 days after, August 3 rd, Germany declared war on France Great Britain then declared war on Germany

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Chain Reaction

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Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria * Ottoman Empire * *Joined in hopes of regaining lost territory

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Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Japan joined shortly there after Italy joined after accusing its former partners (Austria and Germany) of unjustly starting a war

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World War I Many thought the war would be very short Not many knew how horrible this war would actually be

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Quiz 1.What country carried out the Schlieffen Plan? 2.Name 3 Central Powers. 3.Give 2 reasons why the US entered World War I. 4.What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?

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2 Front War

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Germany: Schlieffen Plan Plan was to defeat France in the West quickly Then move East and defeat Russia Russia lagged behind France in railroads and industry

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Germany: Schlieffen Plan By Fall, Germany was finding great success in defeating France on the Western Front Germany had swept into France and were on the outskirts of Paris

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First Battle of the Marne Great Victory for France Outside of Paris France threw everything they had at Germany After 4 days of fighting, Germany retreated

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First Battle of Marne Schlieffen Plan was now left in ruins A quick victory on the Western Front for Germany now did not look too promising Stalemate on the Western Front

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Trench Warfare Opposing armies dug up trenches/ditches that they fought from Area between trenches was known as No mans land Armies trade huge loses fighting in the trenches

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Trenches Conditions were awful! Mud Rats Malnutrition Lack of Sleep Artillery fire was aimed at the trenches

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The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud. -Anonymous Soldier

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Shells of all calibers kept raining on our sectorThe trenches disappeared, filled with earthThe air was unbreathable. Our blinded, wounded crawling, and shouting soldiers kept falling on top of us and died splashing us with food. It was living Hell. -French Soldier

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A Global Conflict Japan and Australia joined the Allies The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers France and Great Britain used its colonists in Africa to help fight the war

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World War I Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy Japan United States (Joined 1917) Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire

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Machine Gun

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Poison Gas

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Submarine

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Tank

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Fighter Planes

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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare German U-Boats sinking any ships near Britain without warning Lusitania, 1915 A British passenger ship Left 1,198 dead 128 US citizens dead

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Zimmerman Telegram February of 1917 Asked for Mexico to ally with Germany Germany would help Mexico take back its land it lost in the Mexican War

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U.S. Enters War Reasons: Unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman Telegram Under Woodrow Wilson, US enters war in 1917 on the side of the Allies

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Total War A country devoting all its resources to the war effort Rationing of goods Propaganda supporting the war Women in the workplace (taking soldiers jobs)

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World War I Coming to an End

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Russia Withdraws, 1918 After the Russian Revolution (1917) Russia led by Lenin Russia signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany

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Germany focuses on West Russia out of the war now allowed Germany to focus only on the Western Front Germany threw everything they had at the Allies in France

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2 nd Battle of the Marne July, 1918 Allies counterattacked Central Powers Huge success for Allies Central Powers began to crumble

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World War I Ends November 9, 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down On November 11, 1918 Germany and France signed an armistice (an agreement to stop fighting)

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Armistice Day (Veterans Day) "To us in America, the reflections of Armistice Day will be filled with solemn pride in the heroism of those who died in the country's service and with gratitude for the victory, both because of the thing from which it has freed us and because of the opportunity it has given America to show her sympathy with peace and justice in the councils of the nations. -Woodrow Wilson

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Legacy of WWI 8.5 million soldiers died 21 million soldiers were wounded War cost a total of 338 Billion Dollars

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14 Points Drawn up by Woodrow Wilson before war ended These outlined a plan for achieving peace throughout Europe

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Treaty of Versailles Compromise between Germany and the Allied Powers signed on June 28, 1919 Created a League of Nations, an international association, to keep peace among nations

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Europe Carved Up Out of Austria-Hungary: Austria Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia

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Europe Carved Up Out of Ottoman Empire: Retained only Turkey *Palestine *Iraq *Transjordan #Syria #Lebanon *Mandated nation by Britain #Mandated nation by France

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Europe Carve Up Out of Russia: Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania *Romania and Poland gained Russian territory

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