World War II (1939-1941)World War II (1939-1941)Do Now : 1/26 & 1/27Do Now : 1/26 & 1/27

Go to kahoot.it!!!!!!!!Go to kahoot.it!!!!!!!!

US Involvement IN WWIIUS Involvement IN WWII

War Erupts!!!War Erupts!!! March 1939- Hitler breaks March 1939- Hitler breaks

Munich agreement, Munich agreement, invades rest of invades rest of CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

August 1939- Hitler signs August 1939- Hitler signs nonaggression pact with nonaggression pact with rival USSR, turns attention rival USSR, turns attention westwest

September 1, 1939- September 1, 1939- “blitzkrieg” invasion of “blitzkrieg” invasion of Poland; Britain and Poland; Britain and France declare war on France declare war on GermanyGermany

German “blitz” of Warsaw

Hitler Moves in EuropeHitler Moves in Europe April 1940- Hitler seizes

Norway, Denmark May- Netherlands,

Belgium, Luxembourg By June, Hitler controls

France, turns attention to Britain

Fall 1940- Battle of Britain

London heavily bombed but Churchill remains defiant

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

The United States and The United States and BritainBritain

1939- Roosevelt revises Neutrality Act, allows for arms trade

Public opinion divided Election of 1940- FDR

wins 3rd term1940: Destroyers for

Bases Deal1941: Lend-Lease Act

The U.S. Enters the WarThe U.S. Enters the War The “destroyers for bases” The “destroyers for bases”

deal allowed the U.S. to deal allowed the U.S. to extend its influenceextend its influence

August 1941- Atlantic August 1941- Atlantic Charter: Churchill and Charter: Churchill and FDR agree to defend FDR agree to defend democracy, free trade and democracy, free trade and economic advancementeconomic advancement

The U.S. destroyer The U.S. destroyer GreerGreer attacked in September attacked in September 1941 1941

US directly involved in US directly involved in naval warfarenaval warfare

USS Greer

Atlantic Charter

Japan wanted to extend Japan wanted to extend influence in Far Eastinfluence in Far East

July 1940: U.S. embargo July 1940: U.S. embargo of raw materials to Japanof raw materials to Japan

1941: Lend-Lease aid to 1941: Lend-Lease aid to ChinaChina

Anticipating attack in the Anticipating attack in the PhilippinesPhilippines

December 7, 1941: Japan December 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Hawaii

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

United States and Japan

America Enters WarAmerica Enters War Pearl Harbor attack Pearl Harbor attack

devastates nationdevastates nation FDR: “A date which will FDR: “A date which will

live in infamy”live in infamy” December 8, 1941- December 8, 1941-

FDR receives war FDR receives war declaration from declaration from Congress against JapanCongress against Japan

Germany, Italy declare Germany, Italy declare war on United Stateswar on United States

FDR addresses Congress after Pearl Harbor attack

Allied Military Allied Military Strategy (1941-1945)Strategy (1941-1945)

The ParticipantsThe ParticipantsAllied Powers

-England

-Soviet Union (after German attack on June 22, 1941)

-France

-United States

Axis PowersAxis Powers-Italy-Italy

-Germany-Germany

-Japan-Japan

War in Europe: StalingradWar in Europe: Stalingrad

Germany had attacked Germany had attacked Russia and Hitler Russia and Hitler wanted Stalingrad for wanted Stalingrad for the oil fieldsthe oil fields

Hitler would not admit Hitler would not admit defeat even though his defeat even though his troops were surroundedtroops were surrounded

Turning Point of War Turning Point of War In Europe because it In Europe because it ended any plans ended any plans Hitler had for Hitler had for domination in Europedomination in Europe

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

After Germany had After Germany had successfully moved successfully moved through France Hitler through France Hitler turned his focus to turned his focus to Great BritainGreat Britain

Hitler’s Hitler’s Luftwaffe(German Air Luftwaffe(German Air Force) would battle Force) would battle the Royal Air Force the Royal Air Force (RAF)(RAF)

Winston Winston Churchill (Great Churchill (Great Britain’s leader) Britain’s leader) would stop the would stop the German German offensive on the offensive on the western frontwestern front

Allied Advances in Europe Allied Advances in Europe (1943-1944)(1943-1944)

January, 1943: Allies agree to fight until they win “unconditional surrender”

February 1943: SU takes back Stalingrad and moves westward

Same time, Allied victory in Tunisia secures Africa

Operation Overlord (D-Day)Operation Overlord (D-Day) Allies plan to invade German occupied France Allies plan to invade German occupied France

to create two-front war for Germany led by to create two-front war for Germany led by General Dwight D. EisenhowerGeneral Dwight D. Eisenhower

D-Day: when Allies hit Germany on the D-Day: when Allies hit Germany on the beaches of Normandy (code name Omaha)beaches of Normandy (code name Omaha)

Now Germany fought a hopeless two Now Germany fought a hopeless two front war with Allies closing in on front war with Allies closing in on Germany…this is why Germany lost the Germany…this is why Germany lost the warwar

Allied Advancements Allied Advancements Cont…Cont… July 10, 1943: The July 10, 1943: The

invasion of Italy. invasion of Italy. Fighting continues Fighting continues

from July 1943 to from July 1943 to June 1944 (70,000 June 1944 (70,000 Allied troops killed)Allied troops killed)

Separate peace was Separate peace was signed with new signed with new Italian government Italian government in September, 1943in September, 1943

Unconditional Surrender in Unconditional Surrender in Europe (1944-1945)Europe (1944-1945)

Britain and U.S. air raid strategic sights in Germany (Flying Fortresses)

June 6, 1944: D-Day and the Allied invasion of Normandy

Battle at Normandy lasted from June 6-July 24

August 25, 1944: France liberated

Germany’s Last Gasp Germany’s Last Gasp EffortEffortHitler was caught between

Allied troops coming from the West and Stalin’s forces coming from the East.

December 1944: Battle of the Bulge – Last German offensive

April 25, 1945: Russia and Allied Forces meet at the Elbe River

YALTA CONFERENCE YALTA CONFERENCE (February 1945)(February 1945)

Plans for German Plans for German surrendersurrender

Stalin agrees to Stalin agrees to hold free elections hold free elections and help with and help with JapanJapan

Broken promises, Broken promises, USSR’s position USSR’s position strengthenedstrengthened

Initiated Cold WarInitiated Cold WarChurchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

V-E DayV-E Day

With a loss at the Battle of the Bulge With a loss at the Battle of the Bulge Allies forces were closing in on Allies forces were closing in on Germany & HitlerGermany & Hitler

Ends war in EuropeEnds war in Europe

Internal Assessment Internal Assessment

Due Dates: B Day 2/2 A Day 2/3Due Dates: B Day 2/2 A Day 2/3

Peer Review ~ Complete IA ChecklistPeer Review ~ Complete IA Checklist

Student / Teacher Conference Student / Teacher Conference

1/28 & 1/29 1/28 & 1/29

Internal Assessment Due DatesInternal Assessment Due Dates– B Day 2/2 & A Day 2/3!!!! B Day 2/2 & A Day 2/3!!!! – IB Candidate # ~ WRITE IT DOWN!!!!IB Candidate # ~ WRITE IT DOWN!!!!

DO NOW: Log onto kahoot.it!!!!!!!!DO NOW: Log onto kahoot.it!!!!!!!!

GAME TIME GAME TIME

Japanese StrategyJapanese Strategy

Three PhasesThree Phases– Phase I: Surprise attacks, then Phase I: Surprise attacks, then

strategic defense.strategic defense. Knock out US fleet; seize vital areas; Knock out US fleet; seize vital areas;

establish defensive perimeter.establish defensive perimeter.– Phase II: Strengthen perimeter; make Phase II: Strengthen perimeter; make

any offensive action by the US any offensive action by the US prohibitively costly.prohibitively costly.

– Phase III: Defeat and destroy any Phase III: Defeat and destroy any forces that attempt to penetrate the forces that attempt to penetrate the perimeter.perimeter.

Long US LOC and natural strength Long US LOC and natural strength of defense should almost guarantee of defense should almost guarantee success. success.

Immediate cause of war in Immediate cause of war in PacificPacific

Historical debate of Japan’s Historical debate of Japan’s responsibilityresponsibility

Japan as aggressorJapan as aggressor Japan as imperial powerJapan as imperial power

Japan planned the war Japan planned the war from 1930’sfrom 1930’s

Japan’s willingness to Japan’s willingness to negotiate was a plan negotiate was a plan to keep enemy off to keep enemy off guardguard

Aggressor- aim to Aggressor- aim to conquer Asiaconquer Asia

Japanese declaration Japanese declaration of war blamed USof war blamed US

European style European style imperialismimperialism

Japan didn’t plan for war, Japan didn’t plan for war, just took too many risksjust took too many risks

Japan was creating a Japan was creating a sphere of influence (like sphere of influence (like US did in Latin America)US did in Latin America)

Japan fought a defensive Japan fought a defensive war- triggered by US war- triggered by US embargoes. They had to embargoes. They had to actact

Allied Military Strategy in Allied Military Strategy in the Pacific (1941-1945)the Pacific (1941-1945)

By 1942, Japan had controlled almost the entire area of the Pacific

Allies were able to hold on to Hawaii and Samoa

“Active defense” campaign:

-Battle of the Coral Sea (May,1942)

-Battle of Midway (June, 1942)

-Battle of Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943)

Island HoppingIsland Hopping American strategy in American strategy in

the Pacific of hopping the Pacific of hopping from island to island from island to island on a steady path to on a steady path to JapanJapan

Deadly process when Deadly process when Japanese Japanese kamikazes kamikazes deliberately crash deliberately crash their planes into their planes into American shipsAmerican ships– Like suicide bombersLike suicide bombers

The Pacific Theatre Cont…The Pacific Theatre Cont… The Allies took control of

several islands in the Pacific under the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur

-Iwo Jima (1945)

-Okinawa (1945) The recapture of the

Philippines was the highlight (Oct. 1944-March 1945)

The Atomic Bomb Ends the The Atomic Bomb Ends the WarWar

Albert Einstein split Albert Einstein split atoms and it created atoms and it created large amounts of large amounts of energy…FDR creates energy…FDR creates the the Manhattan Manhattan Project (but bombs Project (but bombs are tested in Arizona) are tested in Arizona) to develop the atomic to develop the atomic bomb for military use bomb for military use – led by J. Robert led by J. Robert

Oppenheimer not Oppenheimer not realizing its potential realizing its potential and future impact on and future impact on war would be so war would be so devastatingdevastating

““The Alternative to The Alternative to Surrender is Prompt and Surrender is Prompt and

Utter Destruction”Utter Destruction”August 6, 1945:

Atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima (at least 75,000 killed)

August 9, 1945: Atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki

““The War is Over”The War is Over”

Japan surrenders to Allied Forces on the U.S. Missouri after the second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki- August 14th– V-J Day

WWII MeetingsWWII Meetings Casablanca Conference: first meeting between Casablanca Conference: first meeting between

Allies (GB and US) to discuss war strategiesAllies (GB and US) to discuss war strategies Tehran Conference: 1Tehran Conference: 1stst Big Three meeting on how Big Three meeting on how

to get Hitler to surrenderto get Hitler to surrender Potsdam Conference: meeting to discuss how to Potsdam Conference: meeting to discuss how to

punish Germany and get Japan to surrenderpunish Germany and get Japan to surrender Yalta Conference: end of war meeting on how to Yalta Conference: end of war meeting on how to

rebuild Europe and divide up Germany amongst rebuild Europe and divide up Germany amongst AlliesAllies

The Big ThreeThe Big ThreeWinston Churchill

for Britain

FDR for US, after he dies Harry

Truman steps in.

Joseph Stalin

for Soviet Union

THE COSTS OF THE WARTHE COSTS OF THE WAR

U.S. lost over 300,000U.S. lost over 300,000 World suffered at least 60 millionWorld suffered at least 60 million Over 25 million Russians alone Over 25 million Russians alone

dieddied Over 10 million in death camps Over 10 million in death camps New fears arise after the war– fight New fears arise after the war– fight

to contain Communism– THE COLD to contain Communism– THE COLD WAR ERA!!WAR ERA!!

Next Class Next Class Quiz on all of WWIIQuiz on all of WWII

– Causes & Effects Causes & Effects

Major Battle Campaigns of World War IIMajor Battle Campaigns of World War II– Homework assignment!!!Homework assignment!!!

Internal Assessment Internal Assessment – Questions / Conferences Questions / Conferences – Get working Get working – I WILL NOT ACCEPT DONE INCORRECTLY!!!I WILL NOT ACCEPT DONE INCORRECTLY!!!– MUST BE PRINTED BEFORE CLASS!!!!!!!!!!!!!MUST BE PRINTED BEFORE CLASS!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Exit TicketExit Ticket What was a key victory for the Allies in What was a key victory for the Allies in

Europe to stop Hitler’s advances along the Europe to stop Hitler’s advances along the eastern front?eastern front?

What was the US strategy in the Pacific to What was the US strategy in the Pacific to defeat the Japanese?defeat the Japanese?

What was the Yalta Conference? What was the Yalta Conference? What was the Potsdam Conference?What was the Potsdam Conference? Manhattan Project?Manhattan Project? Why did the US choose to use the atom Why did the US choose to use the atom

bomb?bomb?