world war ii 1939-1945 united states 1941-1945. leaders for the axis n names to know: n adolf...
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![Page 1: World War II 1939-1945 United States 1941-1945. Leaders for the Axis n Names to know: n Adolf Hitler-Der Fuhrer n Germany-Herman Goering- head of the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e6a5503460f94b670aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World War II
1939-1945
United States
1941-1945
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Leaders for the Axis
Names to know: Adolf Hitler-Der Fuhrer Germany-Herman Goering-
head of the Luftwaffe (Air Force)
<Joseph Goebbels-Propaganda Minister
Rudolph Hess-Secretary to Hitler
Erwin Roemmel-Wehrmacht-German Army
Quotes of Joseph Goebbels
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Leaders of the Axis
Japan: Emperor Hirohito <General Hideki Tojo Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
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Leaders of the Allies
<General Bernard Montgomery-British
King George VI General Charles DeGaulle-
French Georgi Zhukov, Ivan Korev-
USSR
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Americans use Lend-Lease
“the great arsenal of Democracy”-Roosevelt’s fireside chat
Britain is almost bankrupt and exhausted-Churchill asks for a lot of aid
Lend Lease Bill (1941)-permits President to lend or lease arms and other goods to friends of the United States
after the war-give back guns and tanks-no payment required
Before it takes effect, British suffer more setbacks
<Destroyers earmarked for Lend Lease to Britain
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Soviets are attacked
Hitler invades the USSR June 22, 1940-Operation
Barbarossa Soviets are on the verge of
collapse-Hitler is within 50 miles of Moscow
Soviets apply Scorched Earth Policy
anything that could be used by the Germans is burned
WINTER stops the advance
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Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 “…a day that will live in
infamy...”
Lead up-July 1941-Japan demands control of French Indochina
Threatens-Netherland’s East Indies, British Malaya, American Philippines
Economic Sanctions-cut off from oil, and other war supplies
Japan-either stop expanding or go get these things
<Ho Chi Minh in WWII
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Pearl Harbor
October 1941-General Hideki Tojo-US doesn’t lift sanctions, then Japan would declare War
Tojo sends Saburo Kurusu to negotiate with US-Hull-Namura talks
at the same time he is planning an attack on the US and British bases
Americans found out, but did not know which bases
<Hull-Nomura talks
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Pearl Harbor
Sunday Morning-December 7, 1941
first wave attacks US fleet at Oahu, Hawaii
other waves follow was a complete surprise-2400
servicemen dead, all the planes on Hawaii are destroyed, 6 Battleships sunk or disabled-heart of the Pacific Fleet
Announcement of Attack and photos of attacks
Roosevelt’s Infamy Speech
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Pearl Harbor
December 8, 1941-US declares war on Japan
December 11, 1941-Germany and Italy declare war on the United States
<USS Arizona burning
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America Goes to War
Root Causes of World War II 1. Economic times-Haves and the
have nots 2. Role of Nationalism 3. International Anarchy 4. Race to Arms <Gas Rationing in 1942 modern warfare calls for total war-
everyone involved Industry-shift from civilian goods
to wartime January, 1942-War Production
Board
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American Industry
Responded with great results 1940-50,000-1942-47,000-1944-96,000 US didn’t suffer any serious shortages 2/3rds are still produced for civilian use the US becomes the supply base for the
allies Work force-armed forces get 1st
choice-15m men and 200,000 women men ages 18-38 women volunteered-nurses, air traffic
controllers, non-combat jobs April, 1942-War Manpower
Commission-best use of all workers <Women in World War II
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American Industry
Labor Unions pledge full support National War Labor Board-set wages,
hours, conditions for maintaining membership
some strikes did occur-led to Smith-Connolly Anti-Strike Act
30 day warning, President could seize plant
Blacks migrated north to fill the jobs left by whites to serve
were discriminated against-Roosevelt forbids racial discrimination in 1941
sets up Fair Employment Practices Committee(FEPC)
<Women Workers in World War II
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American Industry
Curbing Inflation government controls it Emergency Price Control
Act (1942) rationing-scarce goods-
black market grew war bonds restrict civil liberty <Ration Book during WW
II
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New Weapons
June 1941-Office of Scientific Research and Development
organized scientists to develop and perfect weapons
<Radar-British-detected ships, planes, ships, guide shells against enemy aircraft
Atomic Bomb-December 2, 1942-Enrico Fermi and others-under the football stadium at the University of Chicago achieved a nuclear chain reaction
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New Weapons
Under the direction of <J. Robert Oppenheimer
5:30 AM, July 16, 1945 at Alamogorado, New Mexico explode the first atomic bomb “I am become death, destroyer
of the world.”
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Japanese-American Internment
Some 120,000-2/3rds citizens-are rounded up by the army and FBI
Forced to abandon their homes,shipped to internment camps
remained their until the end of the war-unless enlisted in the army
Korematsu v. United States-Supreme Court upheld the right by “military necessity”
most in Hawaii are left alone
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Europe First
US enters the war- Churchill comes to make sure we don’t decide to fight the Japanese first
Roosevelt agrees that Germany is more dangerous
Hitler controlled more people, resources, and had a head start on atomic bombs and guided missiles
Stalin pleads for an invasion US begin in North Africa-face
<Erwin Rommell and the Afrika Corps-US receives heavy losses
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North Africa-Operation Torch
Axis forces surrender-250,000 troops, valuable equipment, control of the Mediterranean
Allies take Sicily in 38 days King Victor Emmanuel III decides
war is lost-get rid of Mussolini-new government sues for peace-unconditional surrender September 3, 1943, join allies
Allies enter Rome June 4, 1944 <Mussolini hanging in a square in
Milan-executed the day before-spat and kicked the corpses
More pictures of Mussolini’s death
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The American Leaders in the European Theater
<General Dwight D. (Ike) Eisenhower
General George Marshall
General George Patton General Omar Bradley
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The Invasion of France-Operation Overlord
The Beaches of Normandy-June 6, 1944
<D-Day largest amphibious operation in
history 176,000 troops, 4000 landing
craft, 600 warships, 11,000 planes
Germans-250,000 troops protected
7 weeks- American army breaks through-at Saint-Lo-opens road to the heart of Paris
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Invasion of France-Operation Overlord
August 15, 1944-Americans and French land in Southern Coast of France
Supply line open 10 days later-Paris fell-Germans
are swept from France Normandy beach invasion Eastern Front-Nazi suffer worse counteroffensive in 1943 by
USSR destroys a German Army- <Stalingrad-Soviet Army on a
sprint west
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The War in Europe Ends
Assassination attempt on Hitler-Bomb explodes under an oak table-saves him-crushes generals that attempt it
Battle of the Bulge-Nazis put a bulge in the line-about 50 miles
Americans drop paratroopers behind the Nazis-reestablish the line
Germans bury Americans at the Battle of the Bulge
April 30, 1945-Hitler kills himself next day-Mussolini is caught May 7, 1945-VE day
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The Pacific Theater
Different war completely-planes and Naval
US army is in bad shape-British are crippled
Americans and Filipinos hold off Japanese at Bataan and Coreigedor-Bataan Death March
Midway Island-Admiral Yamamoto makes Midway a stepping stone to Hawaii
destroy what is left of US fleet <Admiral Chester Nimitz new of
the attack
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Midway Island/ Leyte Gulf
Nimitz gambled-used aircraft carriers-had only 3-<Aircraft Carrier Hornet
uses Midway Island as a carrier Japanese limped away US marines lands on
Guadalcanal-US now the attacker on to Tokyo-Leap Frog-don’t
fight on every island-isolate some-attack others
Leyte Gulf-American Army and Navy took and destroy Japanese Navy
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Island Hopping to Victory
Navy gets the Philippines back-Douglas MacArthur states in 1941- “I shall return.”-when he left the Islands
1944-regain Japanese begin Kamikaze raids
after Leyte Asian Mainland held strong-Iwo
Jima-750 miles from Tokyo-fierce fighting to take island
<raising the flag at Iwo Jima Okinawa-starts April 1, 1945-lasts
to June 22, 1945 More about Iwo Jima
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The Bomb
Decision to make-Harry S. Truman has a sign on his desk-The Buck Stops Here-
told to invade Japan itself would cost an estimated 2 million American lives
have a new weapon that may just end the war
super weapon-called the Atomic Bomb
August 6, 1945-drop bomb on Hiroshima-< “Little Boy”
August 9, 1945-drop bomb on Nagasaki-<“Fat Man”
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Yalta
February 4-11, 1945- 4 main topics-problems in Asia, the
government of Poland and Eastern Europe, future of Germany, new League of Nations
Stalin receives promises that he would get everything back lost in the Russo-Japanese War if he enters against Japan
divide Germany and Berlin into 4 zones-US, Britain, France, USSR
try Nazi Leaders USSR want Germany to pay bill-$20 B
and USSR gets half agree to United Nations <Yalta Conference
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Potsdam
FDR dies April 12, 1945 July 2- August 2, 1945 Harry S. Truman meets with
Stalin and Churchill (later Clement Atlee takes over for Churchill)
Japans ultimate surrender Italy and Germany uneasiness- Cold War starts Truman and Stalin at Potsdam
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The War Comes to an end
August 14, 1945-Emperor Hirohito decides to surrender unconditionally against the opposition of military leaders
British and American steam into Tokyo Bay
<there on September 2, 1945-V-J day-formal surrender comes on the deck of the battleship Missouri
signed by General Douglas MacArthur
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War Crimes Trials
Nuremberg Trials charges against industrialists,
government officials, generals, admirals charges: waging aggressive war and
violating generally accepted rules about how to treat prisoners of war
12 of 22 received death penalties-7 prison terms-3 acquitted
total 500 Nazis found guilty Japan-Tojo and 6 others were executed
and 4000 convicted and had prison terms
<Defendants at the trials Photographs of the Nuremberg Trial