world war ii 1939-1945 united states 1941-1945. leaders for the axis n names to know: n adolf...
TRANSCRIPT
World War II
1939-1945
United States
1941-1945
Leaders for the Axis
Names to know: Adolf Hitler-Der Fuhrer Germany-Herman Goering-
head of the Luftwaffe (Air Force)
<Joseph Goebbels-Propaganda Minister
Rudolph Hess-Secretary to Hitler
Erwin Roemmel-Wehrmacht-German Army
Quotes of Joseph Goebbels
Leaders of the Axis
Japan: Emperor Hirohito <General Hideki Tojo Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Leaders of the Allies
<General Bernard Montgomery-British
King George VI General Charles DeGaulle-
French Georgi Zhukov, Ivan Korev-
USSR
Americans use Lend-Lease
“the great arsenal of Democracy”-Roosevelt’s fireside chat
Britain is almost bankrupt and exhausted-Churchill asks for a lot of aid
Lend Lease Bill (1941)-permits President to lend or lease arms and other goods to friends of the United States
after the war-give back guns and tanks-no payment required
Before it takes effect, British suffer more setbacks
<Destroyers earmarked for Lend Lease to Britain
Soviets are attacked
Hitler invades the USSR June 22, 1940-Operation
Barbarossa Soviets are on the verge of
collapse-Hitler is within 50 miles of Moscow
Soviets apply Scorched Earth Policy
anything that could be used by the Germans is burned
WINTER stops the advance
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 “…a day that will live in
infamy...”
Lead up-July 1941-Japan demands control of French Indochina
Threatens-Netherland’s East Indies, British Malaya, American Philippines
Economic Sanctions-cut off from oil, and other war supplies
Japan-either stop expanding or go get these things
<Ho Chi Minh in WWII
Pearl Harbor
October 1941-General Hideki Tojo-US doesn’t lift sanctions, then Japan would declare War
Tojo sends Saburo Kurusu to negotiate with US-Hull-Namura talks
at the same time he is planning an attack on the US and British bases
Americans found out, but did not know which bases
<Hull-Nomura talks
Pearl Harbor
Sunday Morning-December 7, 1941
first wave attacks US fleet at Oahu, Hawaii
other waves follow was a complete surprise-2400
servicemen dead, all the planes on Hawaii are destroyed, 6 Battleships sunk or disabled-heart of the Pacific Fleet
Announcement of Attack and photos of attacks
Roosevelt’s Infamy Speech
Pearl Harbor
December 8, 1941-US declares war on Japan
December 11, 1941-Germany and Italy declare war on the United States
<USS Arizona burning
America Goes to War
Root Causes of World War II 1. Economic times-Haves and the
have nots 2. Role of Nationalism 3. International Anarchy 4. Race to Arms <Gas Rationing in 1942 modern warfare calls for total war-
everyone involved Industry-shift from civilian goods
to wartime January, 1942-War Production
Board
American Industry
Responded with great results 1940-50,000-1942-47,000-1944-96,000 US didn’t suffer any serious shortages 2/3rds are still produced for civilian use the US becomes the supply base for the
allies Work force-armed forces get 1st
choice-15m men and 200,000 women men ages 18-38 women volunteered-nurses, air traffic
controllers, non-combat jobs April, 1942-War Manpower
Commission-best use of all workers <Women in World War II
American Industry
Labor Unions pledge full support National War Labor Board-set wages,
hours, conditions for maintaining membership
some strikes did occur-led to Smith-Connolly Anti-Strike Act
30 day warning, President could seize plant
Blacks migrated north to fill the jobs left by whites to serve
were discriminated against-Roosevelt forbids racial discrimination in 1941
sets up Fair Employment Practices Committee(FEPC)
<Women Workers in World War II
American Industry
Curbing Inflation government controls it Emergency Price Control
Act (1942) rationing-scarce goods-
black market grew war bonds restrict civil liberty <Ration Book during WW
II
New Weapons
June 1941-Office of Scientific Research and Development
organized scientists to develop and perfect weapons
<Radar-British-detected ships, planes, ships, guide shells against enemy aircraft
Atomic Bomb-December 2, 1942-Enrico Fermi and others-under the football stadium at the University of Chicago achieved a nuclear chain reaction
New Weapons
Under the direction of <J. Robert Oppenheimer
5:30 AM, July 16, 1945 at Alamogorado, New Mexico explode the first atomic bomb “I am become death, destroyer
of the world.”
Japanese-American Internment
Some 120,000-2/3rds citizens-are rounded up by the army and FBI
Forced to abandon their homes,shipped to internment camps
remained their until the end of the war-unless enlisted in the army
Korematsu v. United States-Supreme Court upheld the right by “military necessity”
most in Hawaii are left alone
Europe First
US enters the war- Churchill comes to make sure we don’t decide to fight the Japanese first
Roosevelt agrees that Germany is more dangerous
Hitler controlled more people, resources, and had a head start on atomic bombs and guided missiles
Stalin pleads for an invasion US begin in North Africa-face
<Erwin Rommell and the Afrika Corps-US receives heavy losses
North Africa-Operation Torch
Axis forces surrender-250,000 troops, valuable equipment, control of the Mediterranean
Allies take Sicily in 38 days King Victor Emmanuel III decides
war is lost-get rid of Mussolini-new government sues for peace-unconditional surrender September 3, 1943, join allies
Allies enter Rome June 4, 1944 <Mussolini hanging in a square in
Milan-executed the day before-spat and kicked the corpses
More pictures of Mussolini’s death
The American Leaders in the European Theater
<General Dwight D. (Ike) Eisenhower
General George Marshall
General George Patton General Omar Bradley
The Invasion of France-Operation Overlord
The Beaches of Normandy-June 6, 1944
<D-Day largest amphibious operation in
history 176,000 troops, 4000 landing
craft, 600 warships, 11,000 planes
Germans-250,000 troops protected
7 weeks- American army breaks through-at Saint-Lo-opens road to the heart of Paris
Invasion of France-Operation Overlord
August 15, 1944-Americans and French land in Southern Coast of France
Supply line open 10 days later-Paris fell-Germans
are swept from France Normandy beach invasion Eastern Front-Nazi suffer worse counteroffensive in 1943 by
USSR destroys a German Army- <Stalingrad-Soviet Army on a
sprint west
The War in Europe Ends
Assassination attempt on Hitler-Bomb explodes under an oak table-saves him-crushes generals that attempt it
Battle of the Bulge-Nazis put a bulge in the line-about 50 miles
Americans drop paratroopers behind the Nazis-reestablish the line
Germans bury Americans at the Battle of the Bulge
April 30, 1945-Hitler kills himself next day-Mussolini is caught May 7, 1945-VE day
The Pacific Theater
Different war completely-planes and Naval
US army is in bad shape-British are crippled
Americans and Filipinos hold off Japanese at Bataan and Coreigedor-Bataan Death March
Midway Island-Admiral Yamamoto makes Midway a stepping stone to Hawaii
destroy what is left of US fleet <Admiral Chester Nimitz new of
the attack
Midway Island/ Leyte Gulf
Nimitz gambled-used aircraft carriers-had only 3-<Aircraft Carrier Hornet
uses Midway Island as a carrier Japanese limped away US marines lands on
Guadalcanal-US now the attacker on to Tokyo-Leap Frog-don’t
fight on every island-isolate some-attack others
Leyte Gulf-American Army and Navy took and destroy Japanese Navy
Island Hopping to Victory
Navy gets the Philippines back-Douglas MacArthur states in 1941- “I shall return.”-when he left the Islands
1944-regain Japanese begin Kamikaze raids
after Leyte Asian Mainland held strong-Iwo
Jima-750 miles from Tokyo-fierce fighting to take island
<raising the flag at Iwo Jima Okinawa-starts April 1, 1945-lasts
to June 22, 1945 More about Iwo Jima
The Bomb
Decision to make-Harry S. Truman has a sign on his desk-The Buck Stops Here-
told to invade Japan itself would cost an estimated 2 million American lives
have a new weapon that may just end the war
super weapon-called the Atomic Bomb
August 6, 1945-drop bomb on Hiroshima-< “Little Boy”
August 9, 1945-drop bomb on Nagasaki-<“Fat Man”
Yalta
February 4-11, 1945- 4 main topics-problems in Asia, the
government of Poland and Eastern Europe, future of Germany, new League of Nations
Stalin receives promises that he would get everything back lost in the Russo-Japanese War if he enters against Japan
divide Germany and Berlin into 4 zones-US, Britain, France, USSR
try Nazi Leaders USSR want Germany to pay bill-$20 B
and USSR gets half agree to United Nations <Yalta Conference
Potsdam
FDR dies April 12, 1945 July 2- August 2, 1945 Harry S. Truman meets with
Stalin and Churchill (later Clement Atlee takes over for Churchill)
Japans ultimate surrender Italy and Germany uneasiness- Cold War starts Truman and Stalin at Potsdam
The War Comes to an end
August 14, 1945-Emperor Hirohito decides to surrender unconditionally against the opposition of military leaders
British and American steam into Tokyo Bay
<there on September 2, 1945-V-J day-formal surrender comes on the deck of the battleship Missouri
signed by General Douglas MacArthur
War Crimes Trials
Nuremberg Trials charges against industrialists,
government officials, generals, admirals charges: waging aggressive war and
violating generally accepted rules about how to treat prisoners of war
12 of 22 received death penalties-7 prison terms-3 acquitted
total 500 Nazis found guilty Japan-Tojo and 6 others were executed
and 4000 convicted and had prison terms
<Defendants at the trials Photographs of the Nuremberg Trial