world war ii - history 102mcclellanclassroomhy102.weebly.com/.../lecture_22_and_23_world_… ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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World War II
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Terms
• 1937 Sino-Japanese War
• Blitzkrieg
• Nazi definition of Jewish
• Lebensraum
• Ghettos
• Battle of Britain and The Blitz
• Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)
• Nazis invasion of Russia
• Holocaust
– The Final Solution
• Battle of Midway (June 1942)
• Atomic Bomb
– Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• D-Day
• VE Day May 8, 1945
• VJ Day September 9, 1945
• Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
• Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
• Marshall Plan 1947
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Path to War 1935-1939
• 1935 – ignores Treaty of Versailles, remilitarizes Germany
• Nuremburg Law 1935
• 1936 – Four-year-plan for German self-sufficiency
• Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
Maginot Line
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Outbreak of War – European Theater
• Appeasement Policy 1938 – Anschluss with Austria – Sudetenland
• March 1939 – Hitler declares Slovakia independent and allied with Germany
• August 1939 – Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact 1939
• September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland – Beginning of WWII in Europe – Blitzkrieg
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Bbc.co.uk
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Outbreak of War – Eastern/Pacific Theater
• Sino-Japanese War 1937
– Beginning of WWII in the Pacific
• Japan declares war on Russia 1938
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Hitler’s Ideology
• Laid out his ideology and goals in his book Mien Kampf – including the extermination of the Jews
• Myth of the Aryan race
• Lebensraum – “living space” depopulating an area so the “correct race” could repopulate it.
• First step -The Ghettos -> The Warsaw ghetto
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Warsaw Ghetto wall
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Warsaw ghetto in 1943
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1940
• Blitzkrieg War
• Summary:
– April 1940 – Germany takes Norway then Denmark
– May 1940 – Luxemburg, Belgium, Netherlands, and starts on France
– June 1940 – Nazi takes Paris
– End of Summer 1940 – Nazi controls France except southern France – called Vichy
– July 1940 – “Battle for Britain” begins
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Battle of Britain and The Blitz
• Battle of Britain – Nazi air raids of mostly military targets
– July 1940- October 1940
– Hitler “postpones” the invasion of Britain
• The Blitz – continuous bombing of civilian targets in Britain, particularly London
– September 1940 – May 1941
• British and Allied forces retaliate with air raids of German cities.
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Coventry in London, 1940
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Second Great Fire of London – December 1940 during the Blitz Seen here: St. Paul’s Cathedral
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1941
• Germans refocus attention to USSR
– Nazi’s invade Russia – 1941
• December 7, 1941 - Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
• December 11, 1941 – US declares war on Japan, Germany declares war on US, US declares war on Germany
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Axis and Allies
Axis Powers
• Germany
• Japan
• Italy
Allies
• EVERYONE ELSE
• US
• Britain
• French resistance
• China
• Norway
• USSR
• Yugoslavia
• Netherlands
• Etc
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http://gadabyte.com/ww-ii/images/map.jpg
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Hitler versus Stalin
• Germany taking over Eastern bloc
• 45% of USSR under German control (Operation Barbarossa)
• Germany advances on Stalingrad (Operation Blue) in 1942 but then surrounded by Red Army
• Nazi troops surrender in 1943
• Hitler refocuses resources on genocide – the Holocaust
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The Holocaust • 1935 – Nuremburg Laws • 1938 – Jews begin to try and flee
– Night of the Broken Glass
• 1930s – other people targeted such as those in mental hospitals and “malformed infants”
• 1939-1942 – Labor camps, ghettos, and mass executions
• January 1942- 1945 – The Final Solution – Concentration camps – 1944 – US and some Allies knew about concentration
camps, particularly Auschwitz – Liberated in 1945 – ~10+ million people dead (New research since 2013
claims 15-20million dead)
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Auschwitz
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http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_nm.php?ModuleId=10005144&MediaId=354
Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC
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Europe 1942
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European Front: 1942-1945
• Late 1942-43- Eisenhower invades Morocco and Algeria, opening up the Northern African front
• Becomes clear that Germany has lost at Stalingrad
• Mussolini falls- (executed in 1945)
• June 6th, 1944 - D-Day (invasion of Normandy)
• February 1945 - Fire-bombing of Dresden – 50,000 dead
• April 30, 1945 - Hitler kills himself
• May 8th, 1945 - Germany surrenders, V-E Day
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Army.mil
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Utah Beach
Army.mil
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Army.mil
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May 8, 1945 – VE Day
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Pacific Theater • December 7th, 1941: Surprise attack on Pearl Harbor
brings US into the war • June 4-7th, 1942: Battle of Midway slowly starts turning
the tide toward the Allies, who begin island-hopping toward Japan – Australia functions as the Allied base in the Pacific
Theater • August 6, 1945: US drops the first atomic bomb on
Hiroshima • August 9th, 1945: US drops the second atomic bomb in
Nagasaki • September 2, 1945: Japan officially signs the surrender • WWI: 10 million dead • WWII: 15 million military dead, 30+ million civilian
casualties, 25 million wounded
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Attack on Pearl Harbor
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Aftermath
• February 1945: Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt meet at Yalta to discuss postwar Europe – April, 1945: Roosevelt dies, Truman replaces him
as president
– Creation of the United Nations
• Summer, 1945: Potsdam Conference divides Germany
• 1947: Marshall Plan
• 1947-1951 – Cold War
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Europe 1949