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THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA, CHINAMACHU PICCHU, PERÚPETRA, JORDANTHE TAJ MAHAL, INDIACHICHÉN ITZA, MEXICOTHE STATUE OF CHRIST REDEEMER, BRAZILTHE COLOSSEUM, ITALYGIZA PYRAMIDS, EGYPT



SKILLS 3

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EDITORIAL COMMITTEMÓNICA MALAGÓNANGELA GARCÍA ALEJANDRO VÁSQUEZOSCAR RODRÍGUEZ MARITZA MARÍNCÉSAR ACOSTAKAREN CASTRO

MARKETING COMMITTESANDRA RIVASYURANY SÁNCHEZNICOLÁS RODRÍGUEZDIANA CUBIDESNORIDA VARGAS

DESIGN COMMITTEMARÍA FERNANDA LATORRETATIANA SEVILLADIEGO BARRETOGINNA AGUIRREROBINSON BELTRÁN

CENTRO COLOMBO AMERICANOACKNOWLEDGEMENTSRAÚL BOLAÑOS

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1. INTRODUCTION [6]2. THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA, CHINA [8]3. MACHU PICCHU, PERÚ [12]4. PETRA, JORDAN [16]5. THE TAJ MAHAL, INDIA [20]6. CHICHÉN ITZA, MEXICO [24]7. THE STATUE OF CHRIST REDEEMER, BRAZIL [28]8. THE COLOSSEUM, ITALY [32]9. GIZA PYRAMID, EGYPT [36]

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Humans have been competitive beings, since the beginning of times. It does not matter if we are old or young, white or black, tall or short. We have always tried to stand out among others. This can be seen in sports, science, arts, music, politics, and many other human activities. Talking about nations, it is the same: if our country has something —monuments, artists or landscapes— we consider quite amazing, we will come together against the rest of countries, forgetting the differences between us, as individuals. This might be pride, selfishness, or simply human nature, but is something we cannot deny.

Two thousand years ago, the need for humanity to stand out was just as great as currently, but the world was much smaller then: American continent had not been discovered, knowledge and arts were reserved for the church, royalty or rich people and tourism did not have as many possibilities as it has now. At those circumstances, a Greek engineer called Philum of Bizantium made a list of the seven most beautiful places on earth, from his single point of view. That list included: The great Pyramid at Giza (Egypt), The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Iraq), The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (Turkey), The Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Greece), The Tomb of Maussollos at Halicarnassus (Turkey), The Colossus at Rhodes (Greece) and The Lighthouse of Alexandria (Egypt). As you can see all these places were located around the Mediterranean

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA, CHINA

MACHU PICCHU, PERÚ

PETRA, JORDAN

THE TAJ MAHAL, INDIA

I N T R O D U C T I O N

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Sea, and they are known as The Ancient Seven Wonders of the World. But the truth is that only The Pyramid of Giza still exists. The others have disappeared.

We are not going to say that the Original Ancient Wonders were a mistake, but times change, and these days such election should be made by all of us, not only by one man. That is the reason why we are here: to know the places we all have chosen as the New 7 Wonders of the World. Three years ago, in the largest poll ever conducted more than 100 million votes from people from every corner and country in the world elected The Official New Seven Wonders of the world, from a list of 21 different places from all over the globe. In the list amazing places were included such as: the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty, the Stonehenge, Timbuktu or the Sidney Opera House; but only these seven have won: Chichen Itza (Yucatán/Mexico), Christ the Redeemer (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil), Colosseum (Rome/Italy), Great Wall of China (People’s Republic of China), Machu Pichu (Cuzco/Peru), Petra (Ma’an governorate/Jordan) and the taj Mahal (Agra/India).

Each one of these places has some wonderful views to see and a beautiful story to tell. Let us forget our differences and enjoy together a journey through the most famous Historical Monuments on earth. Only then, you will be able to judge by yourself, if these wonders deserve, or not, their place in the hall of fame of the world.

CHICHÉN ITZA, MEXICO

THE STATUE OF CHRIST REDEEMER, BRAZIL

THE COLOSSEUM, ITALY

PYRAMIDS OF GIZA, EGYPT

I N T R O D U C T I O N

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WALL OF CHINA

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WALL OF CHINATHE GREAT

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It is consider the biggest construction in the world and one of the seven wonders of the world. At the beginning 2600 years ago, it was consider as internal walls where every feudal state built one to protect themselves from others nomadic groups. The modern great big wall was made by the Ming dynasty in XV century with only one objective: to protect their border against foreign groups like Mongolian and others.

LOCATION AND TECHNICAL DETAILS

The great big wall stretches from Shanhaiguan in the gulf of Lian-Tung the east of China to Lop lake in the west of northern of China. The general characteristic of wall is 16 meter high and eight meters wide in the base, and five meters on top. The original size was 8851.8 kilometers even natural barriers and trenches which cross the Hoang Ho two times. Hopeg is a small place where it is divided Landscape along of China wall

into two branches to protect Pekin. The first wall was built in materials such as stones and wood. After XV century China began a new construction where stones were used cut in regular shapes, inner and outer brims and gateways of the wall. This construction needed 300 millos cubic meters of materials, if you think how much material it is, there was enough material for building a wall around of Ecuador.

HISTORY

First great big wall was built 2600 years ago from a point of view where some providence such as T

Chu, T Chi, Vei, Chin, Show and Yen built their own walls in a feudal system to protect it. Tchi Huan-ti was first emperor who made a real big wall to protect China such as a nation of barbarian and nomads tribes. This big wall were towers and between them a wall which was built in clay and stones which permitted to close the border. However China had to pay a high human being price, because the emperor had to use his army, prisoners and as last resource farmers, thousands of people die there. Always the emperors army had to be there because barriers without soldiers weren’t offensive, maybe vulnerable. After 209 AC a lot of people leave their job, and some tribes such as huns who arrived to China. Since this moment Chinese landscape was occupied by Mongolians army up to XIV century where T shu –yuang –tschnag with his emperor were founders of Ming Dynasty. At the same time

While China was invaded by Mongolian army and its emperor was a prisoner for a short time. The new border which has two lines of rectangular bricks and between them China was built a new great big wall with some materials such as clay and others which filled up the wall. In some areas where they could not put a base, some ships were sunken and used like a base.

CONCLUSION

The great big wall is a reference of our history where human being has used barriers of walls to protect him like an individual person or a nation, where always needed a place, a life, a history and a future. Today the wall has been destroyed unless not completely, time, people and history has attacked it, Sometimes a man has the same destiny when we forgot who are we.

WALL OF CHINATHE GREAT

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WALL OF CHINA

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MACHU

PERÚPICCHU,

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Machu – Picchu (of Quechuan ¨ Old Mountain¨ .It is the contemporary name that they gave to (old populated Inca) stone construction from the mid 15 th century. It is situated in the slope of the ¨Andes Centrales¨ in the south of Peru.

According to research Machu – Picchu could have been one the residences of rest ¨ Pachacutec¨ (First Emperor Inca); another research speculates that this place was a religious sanctuary. The meaning in general, Machu Picchu was a little city, in it there is as oracle, main square, houses, and other places where the INCAS could do different things. The amazing of this place is the mystery by it creation because it is very difficult to find a city over the mountain. Near this place is the river URUBAMBA and it links with the river UCAYALI and the two they flow the river AMAZONAS.

Machu Picchu was inhabited more o less until 1532, the only way for vacating the city was the war between Francisco Pizarro and Incas. After a lot of time, a peasant guided to the researchers so that they would find this gorgeous place. In 1911 the researchers Harran Migan achieved to investigate for first time the mystery of Machu - Picchu. Moreover this place is classed as the best place to balance and recharge the electromagnetic strength, spiritual exercises, and exoteric matter. If you go to Machu Picchu you can request a wish and the mystery of the INCA, they will grant it.

In the year of 1980 the UNESCO declared Machu – Picchu as one of the 7 wonders the world and cultural patrimony.

You need to travel Bogota – Cuzco, when you arrive to Cuzco you must take a bus, this journey takes around 3 hours, and after you have that walk around 20 minutes. This trip cost around 2 million pesos.

Currently, in a day only 2500 people can come, If you are going to Machu Pichhu, you need to plan your trip with four months in advance.

MACHU PICCHU

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P E T R A

J O R D A N

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P E T R A

J O R D A N

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This is one of the wonders of the world. Petra is located in the old Natabean kingdom midway between Aqaba gulf and Dead Sea with an altitude of 800 to 1936 meters, it was founded at the end of the VII B.C century and it as discovered by Jean Louis Burckhardt in 1812; Its name means stone in Greek and is shows the great talent of Nabatean people. It is a big city carved and sculpted in stone like a great sculpture. After several investigations and excavations Petra was called by UNESCO as world’s heritage in 1984 and one of the 7 wonders in 2007.

The entrance of the city is done through a narrow canyon called Siq surrounded by cliffs over 80 feet, it is an important point for those who enjoy history and the magic that it keeps this formed religious, political and cultural sanctuary.

The rock Tombs are around of Petra they have facades Siq including the famous Khaznehte and the monastery Deir, twenty rocks are also called Jinns who represent perhaps the guardian Gods of the city. There is a theater that it was originally built by the Nabateans in the first century, with a capacity of 3000 spectators and it was expended later by the romans to 8500 spectators.

The Petra Archaeological Park (PAP) covers 264000 square meters area, which is considered tourism and archaeological site, the area encompasses a breathtaking landscape of pink-hued rock mountains, the focus of which is the amazing ancient Natabean city, which was carved into the rock more than 2000 years ago.

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P E T R A

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THE TAJ MAHAL,INDIA

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The world has a lot of beautiful things. Those were built by God and the men; this things have different means for the people that made. However, The Taj Mahal is the best beautiful building that allows to express the love by other person.

This place is located in Agra- India. Its construction began in 1632 and ended in 1648; this mausoleum is made of marble. It was built under the order of emperor Shan Jahan in memory of his last wife, Muntaz Mahal.

The Taj Mahal illustrates the love story of his great love. It is a love expressed in art, it is a verse of love, it is a song of from a heart in love.

Many people can look at verse in the entrance of the Taj Mahal.

It was weeping for a soul in loveTears, pain, a sorrow, weepingA heart intones his sad singingA hand, tired, after his closed windowThere from his place, from his windowIt admires that white tearMade poetry art, art that the passion startsFor you, my dear one, my wife, my soul relates.

In conclusion Taj Mahal is a demonstration of true love that go past borders.

THE TAJ MAHAL A STORY OF

LOVE

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CHI CHEN ITZA,MÉXICO

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CHI CHEN ITZA,MÉXICO

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One wonder of the world. It`s a pre-columbian archaelogical site built by mayan civilization located in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico.

This site was created around 525 A.C. and exhibits a multitude of architectural styles like the castle, one of the most remarkable buildings of mayan architecture. It is a four-sided pyramid that culminates in a rectangular temple, each side of the pyramid has a 91 steps each side and 1 more to the temple top, giving 365 steps per day a year and in the based two hands of snakes.Game balls is another building of the mayas which

CHI CHEN ITZA CEREMONIAL CENTER

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represents the skulls of hundreds of enemies that were killed in battles. The snail was a maze used to prevent invasions by enemies. This name are some beautiful buildings that you can find in this place.The mayas lived in this place for 500 years but wars between other civilizations gradually ended with the members of this culture, however we can see that this culture tries to fight until the end but were finally defeated.

Chi chen itza is the most visited site for foreign people around the world who like this kind of culture and design that only you can see in this

country.If you want to visit this wonder it is easy, only search a hotel near and make a reservation and you can enjoy it some days alone or with your family. Additionally you need your I.d, card and that is all.

Remember that the Unesco considered chi chen itza one wonder of the world in 1988 and in 2007 too for unique beauty.

Finally, it is wonderful as the indigenous created things that they never inmagined but were made to survive and leave evidence that this culture existed.

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CHRIST THE REDEEMER, BRAZIL

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CHRIST THE REDEEMER, BRAZIL

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¿Do you know anything about of Christ the Redeemer? This is one of the symbols of Brazil and it is one of the most important tourist attractions. I will tell you something interesting about this wonderful place.

“Christ the Redeemer” is considered the second largest Art Deco statue in the world and is located on the top of Corcovado Mountain in Rio de Janeiro. It is 38 meters high. It was built between 1926 and 1931. This is an excellent place to visit, because it is a statue with a long history. The idea of building a religious monument in the city was first suggested in 1859 by father “Pedro Maria Boss” and Princess “Elizabeth”. In 1921 the idea was taken up and on April 4 the foundation stone was laid.

At the beginning of the job, several materials were studied, and “soapstone” was finally selected. It is a weak but resilient material over time. It does not wrap or crack with changes in temperature.

This is a figure that you could not miss when you are Rio de Janeiro as you can see it from different locations of the city. The wonderful statue of Brazil has been shown in a lot of movies, The Christ is really formidable. How can you miss the icon of the city?

It has been declared one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

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THE COLLOSSEUM, ITALY

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The collosseum originally was called Flavian Amphitheatre in honor to dynasty of family Flavyan. It was built between 72 AD under Vespasian rules and 80 AD under Titus rules. The coliseum has an elliptic design. The capacity it`s for nearly 50000 spectators. it was used for gladiators fights, executions, animal hunting and dramas of their mythology.

The history of this coliseum started when Vespasian chose a plain area on the low valley. This area was devastated by the great fire of Roma 64 AD. Vespasian wanted a great place for the entertainment people from Roma. But The coliseum had an interpretation based in the

roman traditions like a great triumphal monument to celebrate the victories in the different battles of Roman Army. He wanted a beautiful place. He did command the building of a great lake surrounded by pavilion, gardens and porticoes. And nearby to the Colloseum was built the gladiators school. Finally the collosseum was terminated during Vespasian death in 79 AD but it was inaugurated in Titus rules. During the inauguration, 9000 wild animals were killed. But in the time of Vespacian`s son, the collosseum was remodeled and increased the seating capacity.

He built THE HYPOGEUM. The hypogeum was a series of underground tunnels used like jails

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and animals and slaves houses. The damage of the coliseum was in 217 under Dio Cassius, which destroyed the upper levels which were made of wood. Until 1349 the coliseum suffered an earthquake. And it caused that the south side collapsed and a Big part of the stones fell and this part of coliseum ended in ruins. This stone of the ruins was used to build churches, palaces and other kinds of buildings in Rome.

Today the coliseum is the most famous tourist attractions in Rome and all Europe. It receives a million of tourists from the whole world. The ticket for sightseeing is € 20.

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GIZA PYRAMID

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The Giza pyramid is the oldest of ancient the seven wonder of the world and this is the only that still exist. The pyramid was built by the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh khufu. The architect was Hemiunu. The Giza Pyramids was the first of the three big pyramids in the Giza Necropolis. This Pyramid is located outskirts of the Cairo; the pyramid was built with 2.300.000 boulders.

INSIDE OF THE PYRAMID

Inside of the pyramid there are three principal cams, they are called king`s chamber, it has sarcophagus. Therefore this is considered like the Pharaoh`s abode. Queen`s chamber was called that way because this chamber was going to be intended to king`s wife and Underground`s chamber. Also there

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is a grand gallery, this is a big passage, and it has 47 meter long more or less and 8 meters high.

The Giza Pyramid was chosen as a wonder of the world because it has a great history. Moreover because it has a lot of time in the history and when the pyramid was built, it was built in difficult conditions without enough experience and a few materials and this way the people could do a great work.

We want to invite you to go there, it is a wonderful place and it has a great history and this kind of history can be very interesting and amazing to you. Come on if you go there, you will never regret, the opposite you have a new and a great experience in your life.

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Documents

egyptthe great wall

great pyramid

jordanthe taj mahal

chinamachu picchu

indiachichn itza

brazilthe colosseum

italygiza pyramids

statue of zeus