writing a summary tutorial
TRANSCRIPT
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Writing a Summary By: D. McManaman
The literacy test will require you to write a short
summary. But if you have learned how to write a basic 5
and 8 sentence paragraph, then this will be a piece of
cake.
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Consider the following point
!ou may be required to summari"e an article in less
than #$$ words. %ow would we do that& 'asy.
( good 5 sentence paragraph is about )$*+$ words.
( good 8 sentence paragraph is around #$$ words. o, you
simply write a paragraph on what you read. -ets beginwith the 5 sentence paragraph.
To do that, keep in mind the basic structure
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opening sentence
supporting detail
supporting detail
supporting detail
closing sentence
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#. /or an opening sentence, tell us what the article is about.
0. !our 1ob after that is to pick out three supporting detailsfrom the article. 2ake sure that they are three important
points.
3. Then write your concluding sentence.
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-ets say you are required to write a summary of #$$*#3$
words.
'asy. imply plan for a complete 8 sentence paragraph.
back up sentence (elaborates on the supporting detail)
back up sentence (elaborates on the supporting detail)
back up sentence (elaborates on the supporting detail)
(ll you do is add a sentence that elaborates on each
supporting detail. -ets call it a 4back up sentence.
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-ets say you are required to write a summary of about 3$$
words.
(ll you do is plan for a three paragraph summary. Begin with
your visual structure
Next Slide
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%ere is your plan6
/irst, you must decide what
each paragraph is going to
focus on.
-ets read the following
article on 7ot and 7orn
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7ot and 7orn ot a 9ood :dea
I've always told pot smokers that they are in for a very difficult future !hey are setting
themselves up for a life of suffering !his is true also for the student who clicks onto Internet
pornography " priest friend of mine recently told me that #$% of the confessions he receives
have to do with Internet pornography &ornography is highly addictive
irst mariuana It is true that mariuana is not physically addictive It is addictive
nevertheless !he addiction is of a psychological kind Now the physical effects of this drug
are well documented I would like to focus instead on the effects that this drug has on one's
character and personality development
!he first thing to consider is the addiction process *ne takes a drug in order to induce a
high +ut what goes up must come down and so it is only a matter of time before one comes
down from the drug induced high !his drop is referred to as being ,stoned, Note the
diagram below-
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Now the hori.ontal line represents the state of normalcy that is the state of feeling normal
!he high is not one's normal way of feeling When a person continues to use the drug what
happens eventually is that he soon comes down from the high but drops lower than the line
of normalcy In other words he becomes very stoned What that means is that he has to use
more of the drug to induce the same high he had previously +ut in coming down from that
high he drops even further below the line of normalcy "t this point we have a problem or
in order to get the same high as he previously had the drug user must smoke literally twice
as much /oreover in order to feel normal he must smoke as much mariuana as he used to
smoke at first when trying to get high !he addict must drink or smoke pot simply in order tofeel normal that is in order to cope with life's problems and difficulties!his is the case with pornography as well Serial killer !ed +undy speaks very poignantly of
the addiction process as it occurred in his life with respect to pornography 0e started off
reading the soft1core pornography the kind we find in drugstores 0e said that he began to
crave it more and more until he eventually moved on pornography of a harder nature (hard1
core) that is violent pornography 2ventually he began to wonder whether actually
physically raping someone would give him the same high that he was no longer able to get
by ust reading about it When he was old enough to drink it was alcohol that destroyed hisinhibitions and opened the door to the violent and tragic life that ensued 0e ended up raping
and killing 34 women one of whom was a twelve1year1old girl
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!he psychological effects of mariuana are well documented and all of them without
exception have been validated by former students of mine who were (and possibly are still)
heavily addicted to pot
'rodes logical thinking.
%allucination
-oss of (mbition
7ersonality (rrest
/ariuana erodes one's ability to think logically and deductively !he pot smoker becomesirrational that is a ,pot1head, 0e has a very difficult time drawing logically valid
conclusions 0e no longer reasons with ease Now it is 'rationality' that distinguishes us from
brute animals What this means is that the chronic drug user becomes more and more beastly
!he drug user also begins to hallucinate 0e may begin to hear voices such as people calling
his name !he students I know who used pot have all admitted to hallucinating Now whenyou begin to hallucinate you are on your way to mental illness It is the mentally ill that
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6oss of ambition is a very serious effect of mariuana use !he drug user does not readily see
this effect in his life but he eventually becomes disenchanted with life !hat is he becomes
bored with life It is ambition that gives us the energy to act and move forward in order to
achieve something in life It is through genuine achievement that we feel naturally high on
life Without ambition we're stuck like a car without fuel We're not going anywhere !he
drug user does not want to achieve anything What he wants is the feeling that he was
achieved something without the actual achievement 0e wants the feeling that his problems
are all behind him and that his life is all together (integrity) without actually solving his
problems and without actually being all together !he drug user does not accomplish
anything of real significance Instead of living for and promoting the common good he
becomes a parasite and will choose to benefit from the common good without actually
contributing to it
!he most grievous effect of drug use (and addiction in general) is7ersonality (rrest
&ersonality development stops *ne continues to grow physically but one does not grow and
develop psychologically !he drug user remains the age at which he first began to use the
drug If he started smoking pot at 78 he will remain 78 years old psychologically even when
he celebrates his 98th or 3$th birthday Now the pot smoker does not see this but everyone
around him does (provided they too are not addicts) :onsider the diagram below-
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!he green line represents those who continue to develop psychologically and personally !he
black line represents the pot smoker "t the grade # level the gap between the two is not as
noticeable +ut as time passes the maturity gap between the pot smoker and the non1user
gets wider and more noticeable +y the time the drug user is in *": any teacher with ust a
semblance of intuition can pick him out in a minute !hey look like they are in *": but
they are still back in grade # or grade ; !hey are ust not with the rest of the class
psychologically !hey laugh at okes that are not funny they suffer from an identity crisis
that is they do not know who they are and so they take on a role in order to provide
themselves with some sort of identity
Now life will only get increasingly more difficult " 78 year old boy cannot deal with the
problems of a 98 or 3$ year old man 0e cannot even deal with the problems of an 7; year
old +ut the drug user is psychologically 78 years old and so when he is an adult he finds
life very difficult to handle 0e cannot hold down his marriage he cannot hold down a ob
(he becomes disenchanted with his work)
We really only grow when we tackle life's problems and difficulties head on +ut this is ust
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;eve 1ust read an article on
mari1uana, addiction, and the
effects of smoking pot.!he addiction process
!he effects of smoking
pot
personality arrest
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!he addiction process
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What=s the article about>
What=s a ?high@>
What is meant by ?stoned@>
Why the drug user gradually needs more
leave open
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!he effects of smoking pot
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personality arrest
how personality arrest is more noticeable
as time goes on
opening sentence on how we are going to
focus on personality arrest in more detail
why life will become more difficult
analogy with phys ed
:oncluding Sentence
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