writing the problem statement (問題描述)

8/14/2019 Writing the Problem Statement ( )

1/37

Writing the Problem

Statement

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw/http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw/


2/37

Writing the problem statement for

your work or research proposalcomprises the following parts:

Setting of work proposal: ?

?

Work problem:?


3/37

Quantitative specification of problem:

?

Importance of problem:

,?

Project need:,

?


4/37


5/37

A decision-making environment is increasingly

complex. Consumer demand on the water supply in southern

Taiwan has significantly increased in recent years

owing to population and industrial growth, as well

as elevated living standards.

Statistical approaches such as scored methods are

extensively used to optimize the process

parameters of ordered categorical responses.

Process quality and delivery time have received

increasing emphasis in industry.


6/37

Process capability index is a highly effective means of evaluating

process performance. Enterprises trade with each other by carefully considering business

ratings to reduce investment risks.

An increasing number of wafer fabs use a control chart to detect

assignable causes, making it extremely difficult for engineers to

effectively control the wafer process.

Predicting the amount of residuals in ground water contaminants has

been extensively studied.

Owing to their lowest density among all metallic structural materials,

magnesium alloys are highly promising for their diverse use in theautomotive, railway, aerospace, computer, communications and

consumer electronics industries.


7/37

Work problem:

What is the problem that you are trying

either to solve or more thoroughlyunderstand in the work proposal?

?


8/37

Conventional evaluation models are concerned only with

economic factors and neglect factors that can not be

evaluated by money.

Although the reservoir supply in southern Taiwan can satisfy

the current water demand, increasing demands will soon

surpass the reservoirscapabilities.

These methods inaccurately estimate the dispersion effect,

thereby confounding the location effect and dispersion effect.

Conventional process capability indices(PCIs) are unable not

only to objectively assess quality and delivery time, but also

to identify how PCIs and yield rate are related.


9/37

Conventional process capability indices can not

measure a non-normal distribution process accurately. Conventional mathematic models have difficulty in

discriminating between multiple ranks.

Conventional control charts are designed formanufacturing systems with only one source of

variation, making it impossible to control several

independent sources of variation.

These alloys have a low formability near roomtemperature and are more expensive than plastics,

aluminum, steel and cast iron.


10/37

Quantitative specification of problem

: How can you quantitatively define theproblem so that the reader understands the

quantitative limitations of previous efforts to

solve this problem?

?

Consider the following examples:


11/37

A prediction accuracy of only 60% among

departed models

The inability to measure a non-normal distribution

process accurately

An error rate exceeding 20%


12/37

A situation in which the formability near room

temperature does not reach 20% elongation

Increasing the evaporation speed by 1% increases

the resistance by 5%

The failure to understand precisely which

microscopic features form a particular phase

topology


13/37

Importance of problem:

If the problem remains unsolved or not

thoroughly understood, how will this

negatively impact the reader of your workproposal?

,

?Consider the following examples:


14/37

Conventional models may cause decision makers to

select an inappropriate scheme.

The lack of an effective water distributed strategy

for current reservoirs will lead to frequent water

shortages in southern Taiwan. Implementing those methods leads to an inaccurate

optimal level combination of process parameters.

The lack of an objective procedure leads to

inefficiency and a high overhead cost.


15/37

This surging demand will lead to the increased drilling of

new wells to locate

groundwater resources, which is extremely expensive.

Using such charts often leads to ineffective and futile

searches for assignable causes, thus expending a

considerable amount of manpower and capital.

The inability to understand its impact on ionic

conductivity makes it impossible not only to estimate the

radiation defect rebuilding in cesium halides doped with

OH-impurity, but also to measure the ionic conductivityof irradiated crystals.


16/37


17/37

Project need:

Based on the problem defined above,what is the immediate project need?

,

?



18/37

A flexible and accurate neural network structure

must be developed that applies artificial intelligence

in fuzzy theory to business ratings and bankruptcy

prediction.

An optimal operating model must be developed,capable of choosing an effective monitor well to

adequately control a groundwater system.

A process capability index must be developed that

adopts the Clements and Bootstrap methods toovercome these obstacles.


19/37

An optimization model must be developed,

capable of effectively managing water resources

for current reservoirs in order to decrease theprobability of water shortages.

An efficient quality control process must be

developed, capable of detecting assignable causesconcealed behind multiple characteristics and

multiple readings in a manufacturing system with

several sources of variation.


20/37

A NAPL simulator model must be developed

that contains several parameters acquired by

experimental data.

A processing method must be developed,

capable of producing materials in a requiredshape at a relatively low cost directly from

wrought products.


21/37

An appropriate evaluation model capable of selectingnatural gas bus brands must be developed.

A novel response surface methodology with simplified

calculations must be developed to accurately estimate the

location effect and dispersion effect, leading to an optimal

level combination of process parameters.

Anefficient hypothesis testing procedure for PCIS must be

developed, capable of assessing the performance of

operational cycle time (OCT) and delivery time (DT) for

VLSI..


22/37

Putting it together: Writing the

problem statement



23/37

( example 1 )Setting of work proposal

Enterprises trade with each other by carefully

considering business ratings to reduce investment risks.

Work problemHowever, conventional

mathematic models have difficulty in discriminating

between multiple ranks. Quantitative specification of

problem A prediction accuracy of only60% among departed models Importance of problem

exposes traders to unnecessarily high risks.

Project need Therefore, a flexible and

accurate neural network structure must be developedthat applies artificial intelligence in fuzzy theory to

business ratings and bankruptcy prediction.


24/37

(example 2 )Setting of work proposal

Demands on the water supply in Taiwan have skyrocketedowing to the island's increasing population and elevated

living standards. Work problemEventually, the

current reservoir supply will be insufficient if current

demands from personal and industrial use persist.

Importance of problemConsequently, thissurging demand will lead to the increased drilling of new

wells to locate groundwater resources, which is extremely

expensive. Project need An optimal operating

model must therefore be developed, capable of choosing aneffective monitor well to adequately control a groundwater

system.


25/37

( example 3 ) Setting of work proposal Engineers heavily emphasize applicability and the accuracy

when using a process capability index to evaluate how a

process performs. Work problemHowever, using

conventional process capability indices to evaluate a non-

normal distribution process often leads to inaccurate results.

Additionally, calculating a point estimator with sampling data

leads to inaccurately estimation of the process capability

index of process population. Although sampling more data

can increase the accuracy of an estimator, such an approachwould be costly and time consuming.


26/37


27/37

(example 4 )Setting of work proposal Consumer

demand on the water supply in southern Taiwan has significantlyincreased in recent years owing to population and industrial

growth, as well as elevated living standards. Work problem

Although the reservoir supply in southern Taiwan can satisfy

the current water demand, increasing demands will soon surpass

the systems capabilities. Importance of problem

Moreover, the lack of an effective water distributed strategy for

current reservoirs will lead to frequent water shortages in southern

Taiwan. Project need An optimization model must

therefore be developed, capable of effectively managing waterresources for current reservoirs in order to decrease the probability

of water shortages.


28/37

Setting of work proposal An increasing number of

wafer fabs use a control chart to detect assignable causes, makingit extremely difficult for engineers to effectively control the wafer

process. Work problemHowever, conventional control

charts are designed for manufacturing systems with only one

source of variation, making it impossible to control several

independent sources of variation. Importance of problemUsing such charts often leads to ineffective and futile

searches for assignable causes, thus wasting a considerable

amount of manpower and capital. Project need

Therefore, an efficient quality control process must be developed,

capable of detecting assignable causes concealed behind multiple

characteristics and multiple readings in a manufacturing system

with several sources of variation.


29/37


30/37

(example6 ) Setting of work proposal

Owing to their lowest density among all metallicstructural materials, magnesium alloys are highly

promising for their diverse use in the automotive,

railway, aerospace, computer, communications and

consumer electronics industries. Work problemHowever, these alloys have a low formability

near room temperature and are more expensive than

plastics, aluminum, steel and cast iron. Quantitative

specification of problemA situation inwhich the formability near room temperature does not

reach 20% elongation


31/37

Importance of problemlimits

commercial applications of magnesium and

its alloys. Project need A

processing method must therefore be

developed, capable of producing materials in

a required shape at a relatively low cost

directly from wrought products.


32/37

(example 7 )Setting of work proposal A decision-making environment is increasingly

complex, Work problem accounting forwhy conventional evaluation models are concerned

only with economic factors and neglect those factors

that can not be evaluated by money. Quantitative

specification of problem In addition toan economic criterion, for example, when evaluating

different brands of a bus system, many criterion are

still available such as the level of pollution made by

bus and the driving abilities of a bus.


33/37

Importance of problem Consequently,

such models may cause an incomplete evaluation and

decision makers may ultimately select aninappropriate scheme. Moreover, implementing an

inappropriate scheme will incur large social costs and

loss of resources. Project needTherefore, an

appropriate evaluation model capable of selectingnatural gas bus brands must be developed.


34/37

(example8 ) Setting of work proposal Despite

their extensive use in solving problems related to ordered

categorical data quality, Work problem conventionalscored methods are unnecessarily complex and inaccurate in

terms of estimating the dispersion effect. Quantitative

specification of problem Additionally, their

implementation leads to an inaccurate optimal level combination

of process parameters, Importance of problem thusrequiring a large amount of time and a higher cost in product

design stage. Project need Therefore, a novel response

surface methodology with simplified calculations must be

developed to accurately estimate the location effect and

dispersion effect, leading to an optimal level combination of

process parameters.


35/37

(example 9 ) Setting of work proposal

Although process quality and delivery time

have received increasing emphasis in industry,Work problem conventional process

capability indices (PCIs) are unable not only to

objectively assess quality and delivery time but

also to identify how PCIs and yield rate are related.Quantitative specification of problem

Consequently, the lack of an effective

performance index and an objective procedure will

lead to inefficiency and a high overhead cost.


36/37

Importance of problem Furthermore,

firms that perform poorly in terms of quality and

delivery will lose their market competitiveness.Project need Therefore, an efficient

hypothesis testing procedure for PCIS must be

developed, capable of assessing the performance

of operational cycle time (OCT) and delivery time

(DT) for VLSI.


37/37

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw/http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw/

writing the problem statement (問題描述)

Documents