wte a part of the renewable energy supply · wte – a part of the renewable energy supply bettina...

WTE – A PART OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY Bettina Kamuk, Head of Department – Rambøll Board Member, ISWA, and Chair of the Working Group Energy Recovery, ISWA

RAMBOLL CONSULTING GROUP

• Established i 1945

• Ramboll consulting group: Close to

10,000 experts

• Leading waste-to-energy

consultant with more than 60

specialists within WTE

• Long track record of waste-to-

energy plant projects – more than

35 on-going WTE projects.

• Independent consulting services

2 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT

WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY REFERENCES


WASTE TO ENERGY IN EUROPE


DANISH WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY

• Preventing the loss of resources and environmental impact of waste

• Ensuring a zero-growth in waste in conjunction with economic growth

• Improve the quality of waste treatment and increasing the efficiency of the waste sector


HOW MUCH ENERGY FROM WTE IN DENMARK

3.3 million tonnes of waste incinerated

Electricity 1.5 million MWh

3-4% of total

430,000 households

Heat 6.5 million MWh

18-20% of total

360,000 households


BOTTOM ASH – URBAN MINING?

• TOC max. 3%

• Metal recovery (Fe, Al)

• Recovery of critical metals – technically possible but dependent on market price for metals and input

7

DANISH ENERGY POLICY

• Quote: “….and waste shall play a central role in the development of a green and long-term energy system in Denmark ….”

KATHERINE RICHARDSON,

CHAIR OF THE DANISH

CLIMATE COMMISSION

2010:

In 2020: 35% renewable

energy

In 2050: 100% renewable


ENERGY RESSOURCES - COPENHAGEN


THE COPENHAGEN DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK

1 mile

04-10-2012 10 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT

COPENHAGEN WTE LOCATION


THE WINNER: BIG COPENHAGEN WASTE-TO-ENERGY QUOTE:


COPENHAGEN WTE ARCHITECTURE


THE WINNER: BIG COPENHAGEN WTE TECHNOLOGY


COPENHAGEN FLUE GAS TREATMENT PROCESS

04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT 15


ALTERNATIVE FLUE GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM

EU BREF - BATOEL


Parameter Unit

BATOEL

daily average ½-hour average

100 %

Dust mg/Nm3 1-5 1-20

HCl mg/Nm3 1-8 1-50

HF mg/Nm3 <1 <2

SO2 + SO3 mg/Nm3 1-40 1-150

NOx as NO2 mg/Nm3 120-1801)

40-1002)

3-3501)

40-3002)

Result of spot sampling

NH3 mg/Nm3 <10

Cd + Tl mg/Nm3 0.005-0.05

9 metals mg/Nm3 0.005-0.5

Hg mg/Nm3 <0.05

Dioxins, TEQ ng/Nm3 0.01-0.1

1) With SNCR. 2) With SCR

SELECTION OF OPTIMAL STEAM PARAMTERS

Economically optimal range of steam parameters


WASTE-TO-ENERGY – ENERGY OUTPUT

1 ton affald

2 MWh varme 2/3 MWh elektricitet


20

WASTE TO ENERGY AS RENEWABLE ENERGY

04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT


CLIMATE CHANGE: SAVED CO2 EMISSION

(Methan emission excluded!)

CO2 by producing 10 GJ heat/power and treatment of 1 tonne of waste

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Coal as

energy

source

Oil as

energy

source

CO²saved

Natural gas as

energy

source

Waste as

energy

source

CO

2,

tonne

s

Landfill/composting of waste Energy production


COST OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY

• XVC

Image size: 11,29 cm x 10,79 cm

New plant or extension, EU Directive 2005 Construction cost, 700-900 EUR/tonne/year

Treatment cost: • Amortisation • Operation • Maintenance

= EUR/tonne 120-140

÷ Income from sale of electricity 2/3 MWh/t x 60 EUR/MWh =

= EUR/tonne ÷ 40

÷ Income from sale of heat 2 MWh/t x 30 EUR/MWh =

= EUR/tonne ÷ 60

Net treatment cost: Waste-to-Energy

= EUR/tonne20-40

WASTE-TO-ENERGY - COSTS

i.e. about 0,40 EUR/week per household!

WTE costs are the same as the price of an empty

rubbish sack

CONCLUSION:

• Recovery of energy

• Recovery of metals

• Low waste treatment cost

• Low environmental impact

• Reduces CO2

• High public acceptance

• Low energy prices


REMEMBER THE COMPLETE SYSTEM


RELEVANT PAPERS/GUIDELINES FROM ISWA



THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION!

BETTINA KAMUK [email protected]

wte a part of the renewable energy supply · wte – a part of the renewable energy supply bettina...

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