wwoa spring biosolids symposium...wwoa spring biosolids symposium typical design criteria hydraulic...
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
MARCH 17, 2015Chad T. Olsen, P.E. BCEE
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Reed Bed Systems in Wisconsin Stephensville WWTF Marion WWTF Bear Creek WWTF Brillion WWTF Sherwood WWTF Kewaunee WWTF Ephraim WWTF Egg Harbor WWTF Wittenberg WWTF Danbury (Joint Water
Quality Commission)
Bayfield (Greater Bayfield WWTP Commission)
Washburn WWTF Crandon WWTF Lomira WWTF Belgium WWTF Abbotsford WWTF Arcadia WWTF Red Cliff (EPA) Oneida (EPA)
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Constructionof the Reed Beds
Typically Reed Beds are constructed with concrete side walls
PVC liner is used to make the beds impermeable Perforated underdrain system usually connected to the head of the plant
Less than two feet of gravel and sand
4 feet of freeboard ± Biosolids distribution system
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Typical Reed Bed Construction
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Typical Design Criteria
Hydraulic Loading• 20‐50 gal/ft2/yr• Depends on type of sludge, climate, etc.• For Brillion: 30 gal/ft2/yr
Provide adequate liquid sludge holding to hold for 3‐4 weeks in winter
Reed Beds take up a lot of land
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Brillion WWTF
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Sherwood WWTF
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Root System Phragmites(Common Reed)
Extensive root structure creates an environment for diverse and active microflora
• Microflora continually help to degrade the volatile solids
Root structure enhances hydraulic conductivity and drainage of supernatant and water from the biosolids
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Physical Characteristicsof Phragmites
Rhizome and emergent stalk has a system of nodes
When nodes are engulfed by biosolids, they form secondary root system
Secondary root system provides enhanced attachment sites for microflora and aids in dewatering
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Advantages of theReed Bed System
Minimal operation and maintenance costs
Requires no removal of biosolids for seven to ten years
Significant volume reduction and volatile reduction of biosolids
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Planting of Phragmites
Planting season from mid‐April to early May
Watering is required for a period of 4‐8 weeksafter planting, depending upon season
Application of Biosolids within 4‐6 weeks after planting
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Root Stock
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Harvesting of the Reed Beds
Harvesting is normally done in the winter whenthe biosolid layer is frozen
• Provides firm footing• Plants are dormant
Harvesting can be completed by several methods• Use of sickle bar mower• Weed trimmer with metal blade• Burning
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Why Do WeHarvest the Reeds?
Significant biomass (10 to13‐foot high plants)will dramatically add to the sludge blanket,if not removed
Although metal uptake by plants is not significant, removal of the reeds helps to lower metal levels in the accumulated biosolids layer over time
• Reeds have the greatest affinity for copper and zinc
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Harvesting (Continued)
Nine to twelve inches of plant stalk should be left after harvesting
Remaining stalk is dead plant material, which will not renew itself
• Important conduit for air to the rhizome which promotes new growth the following season
• Creates hydraulic conductivity promoting drainage during the winter
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Disposal ofHarvested Material
Ways to dispose of reed stalks•Composting on‐site•Burning•Disposal to landfill
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Evacuation of Reed Beds Eventually biosolids will accumulate to a depth of 3 to 3 1/2 feet
Bed are then taken out of service for six months, starting in the fall
This allows time for the biosolids to dry and degrade
Following six month down time, water content becomes as low as 50%
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Reeds After Evacuation
Reeds will regenerate as a result of the undisturbed underlying root structure
Beds need to be watered following biosolidsremoval
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
City of BrillionReed Bed Evacuation
Reed Beds constructed in 2000• Number of Beds 9• Dimensions 52 ft. x 90 ft.
City on a schedule to empty 3 beds per year
2013 – emptied the first 3 beds
Beds allowed to rest for 6‐7 months
Sludge hauled to Hickory Meadows landfill
Estimated total cost will be $188,000
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
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WWOA Spring Biosolids Symposium
Keep 5” of Sludge to Protect Root Structure
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QA