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www.sciencefortheblind.com Marilyn D. Winograd Teacher of the Blind Marilyn.Winograd@gmail.com Dr. Lillian A. Rankel Science Teacher Lil.Rankel@gmail.com Learning Experiences in STEM at the Pre-K Through 4 th Grade Levels 1

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Kenneth Wesson*, an expert in cognitive science, emphasizes that: firsthand experiences wire and develop the brain. Computer simulations cannot substitute for real-world, firsthand learning experiences. Representation of objects and events should follow the experiences they represent. Experience determines which neurons communicate with which brain cells to represent our knowledge. *National Science Teacher Association Reports, Feb. 2011, p 5. Need for Hands-on Learning in the Classroom 2

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www.SciencefortheBlind.com Measuring Mixing Stirring Skills acquired by working in a kitchen transfer directly to developing good laboratory and math skills, as well as appropriate concept development. Kitchen Skills = Lab Skills 3

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Wheels overcome friction The steeper ramp makes the marble roll farther away. Gravity causes the marble to roll down the ramp. Determine if it is less work to move the heavy tool box up the ramp using the truck Exploring Ramps 4

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We tried: Bottle caps Measuring spoons Pencil erasers Plastic dinosaur Pill bottle Matchbox car What Goes Down a Ramp? 5

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Listening to a friends heartbeat through a paper towel tube Sound Amplification 6

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How Much Water Can a Sponge Hold? 7

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Marshmallows baking under the sun in an aluminum foil bowl, covered with plastic wrap Solar Oven 8

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Using tape as a seat belt secures the marble in the cup during moving/stopping Seat Belt 9

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Tactile representation made with sandpaper, seashells and textured papers Seashore 10

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Hang your windsock from a tree or wear it on a headband and stand in front of a fan Newspaper Wind Socks 11

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Recreating a pond environment in a lasagna pan using craft materials (foam lily pads, artificial leaves and stones in 1 inch of water) and plastic frogs in different stages of development Life Cycle of a Frog 12

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A fat layer keeps the penguin warm and solid Crisco shortening in a plastic bag keeps a small hand warm when an ice cube is placed on the fat. Carrying a penguin egg on their feet 13 Facts About Penguins

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Ice Melts to Water 14

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Making an igloo using marshmallow fluff spread over a small inverted cup and mini marshmallows to represent the ice blocks Building An Igloo 15

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www.SciencefortheBlind.com Building a log cabin using cake icing spread over an inverted rectangular plastic container and using pretzel sticks to represent logs. Pretzel Log Cabin 16

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Paper plate flower with seeds Stem with leaves String roots Parts of a Plant 17

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Lime Onions Cinnamon Apples Garlic Lemons Oranges Bananas Basil Parsley Place these smelly objects inside plastic Easter eggs that have holes in the bottom: Make your own scratch n sniff using Kool-Aid Smells 18

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M & Ms Sand Alka Seltzer String and paper What dissolves in water? Dissolving Studies 19

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Sugar Salt Cereal Paper Aluminum foil Sticks Does It Dissolve? 20

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www.SciencefortheBlind.com Food moving through the intestines Food breakdown in the stomach Digestion 21

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Can magnets be used to move Matchbox cars?Can magnets be arranged to float? Can magnets work through glass & water to move boats with a thumbtack under the boat? Do magnets work through noses? Exploring the Properties of Magnets 22

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Dollar Store shopping Affordable Materials 23

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Covering the top of a straw with her finger to trap water Using a plastic syringe Transferring Water 24

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Tactile or kinesthetic learners are those who learn through experiencing/doing things. Many complete concepts are formed through hands on experience and interaction with the real world. preliminary research has shown that kinesthetic learning results in increased learning outcomes for all students (Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning, 2004) Teaching for the Kinesthetic learner 25

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are rough Pie Fractions Made from Cardboard 26

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1/4 of the rectangles are rough on the left 1/8 of the rectangles are rough on the right 1/3 of the triangles are rough Writing Fractions 27

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Geometric Shapes Using Popsicle Sticks 28

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Geometric Shapes 29

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Venn Diagram 30

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Using a counting caddy or over the door shoe bags with drinking straws Using a magnetic board with magnets and Braille/Large Print numbers Place Value 31

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Grid was cut out of a Dollar Store type basket. Tactile Bar Graphs 32

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Graphing 33

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Family Science Workshops 34

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http://www.nbp.org/ic/nbp/SCIENCEEXP.html National Braille Press 35

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Braillers, Slates & Canes for Kenya 36

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www.sciencefortheblind.com Marilyn D. Winograd Teacher of the Blind Marilyn.Winograd@gmail.com Dr. Lillian A. Rankel Science Teacher Lil.Rankel@gmail.com Learning Experiences in STEM at the Pre-K Through 4 th Grade Levels 37