x-ray fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/pixe-pan07/presentations/... · 2018....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
X-Ray Fluorescence
Lucas LebinCaroline TrippelMiraj ShahTeacher: Jennifer Pakkala
![Page 2: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Purpose
• To verify the relationship between x-ray energy and atomic number
• To determine the elemental make-up of various samples
![Page 3: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
X-Ray Terminology
• Electrons travel in orbits.
• Orbits are designated by the letters K, L, M, etc.
From the Concrete Durability Group
From Forensicscience.net
![Page 4: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
X-Ray Terminology
• When electrons become excited they move to a higher orbit (higher energy).
• When excited electrons move back to a lower orbit, they release energy in the form of an x-ray.
From the Concrete Durability Group
![Page 5: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
X-Ray Terminology
• The energy of the x-ray released depends on the number of orbits that the electron moved.
• Energies are– Kα
– KβFrom siliconfareast.com
![Page 6: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
X-Ray Terminology
• When an electron moves from the second to first orbit it lets off energy A.K.A. Kα.
• When an electron moves from the third to the first orbit it also releases energy. This is known as Kβ.
From siliconfareast.com
![Page 7: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Experiment
• X-rays produced in the decay of Americium-241 were used to induce x-ray emission in a target material.
• Energies of emitted x-rays were measured.• Target materials included
– Copper– Rubidium– Molybdenum– Silver– Barium– Terbium
![Page 8: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copper
K-Alpha energy = 8.06 KeV
K-Beta energy = 8.93 KeV
![Page 9: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Summary of Kα Data
![Page 10: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Experiment with Unknowns
• To determine the elements present in the sample: – Find the energy represented at the vertex
of the peak.– Compare this energy with the known
energies of elements.
Orange Fiestaware
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Fiestaware Plate
Contains lead, arsenic, and uranium.
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Petoskey Stone
• Fossilized coral
Americium Source
TinIndium
Calcium?
![Page 13: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PIXE v. XRF
• Uses the same basic concepts as XRF to determine elemental composition with a different source.– In XRF x-rays from
Americium 147 were used to excite the target electrons.
– In PIXE a proton beam is used to excite the target electrons.
From: University of Leipzig
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PIXE
Placing a target
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PIXE
Analyzing the data
![Page 16: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Petoskey Stone
Calcium!
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Golf Ball
The inside of a golf ball.
ZnTi
Mn
Ca
S
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Golf Ball
The outside of a golf ball.
Ti
Trace
Si, Cl
![Page 19: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Igneous Rock
Found on a glacier in Alaska.
Fe
Sr
ZnMn
![Page 20: X-Ray Fluorescence - jinaweb.orgarchive.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN07/presentations/... · 2018. 5. 4. · X-Ray Fluorescence Lucas Lebin Caroline Trippel Miraj Shah Teacher: Jennifer](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051921/600f243931b28279131f01fa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Conclusion
• Both XRF and PIXE use X-rays to measure energy.
• The different methods allow one to see different elements present in samples.
• A good time was had by all!
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Special Thanks
• Shawn & Graham
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Special Thanks
• Ed Stech