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9/29/05

Country Workers Compensation (WC) Employers Liability (EL) General Third Party Liability Professional LiabilityAfghanistan see WC

Albania not required 250,000 25,000

Algeria not required 500,000 50,000 US$25,000 BI/PD

Angola 1,000,000

Antigua & Barbuda not required Minimum limit XCD 500,000

Argentina 500,000 25,000 \

Vendor Insurance Requirements (US$ unless otherwise specified)

Note: Click on the drop-down arrow in the "Country" Column Header to jump to a specific country.

Personal Accident (PA)

Auto Liability (BI = Third Party Bodily Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)

As of May 05 the only insurer in Afghanistan is the essentially moribund Afghan National Insurance Company (ANIC) which is state owned. USAID has a program in place in an effort to privatize the company, but in practice all coverage must currently be placed offshore. ANIC offers a WC policy insuring an employers liability at law, coverage is generally based on 12 months salary.

Currently not marketed, but minimum US$ 50,000

Currently not marketed but minimum US$ 10,000

Compulsory coverage only applies in Kabul and is not enforced. The limit is AFN 40,000 (US$ 934) for PD and BI.

State scheme under Social Security. No certification required

to be added to GL policy with minimum limits of $40,000 per person, $100,000 per accident

Compulsory under Decree 295 of 1992. Limits are BI 200,000 per person, $500,000 per accident; PD 50,000 per vehicle, $100,000 per accident

State Scheme - CNASAT no certification required

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary

Effectively compulsory under Dispositivo Legislativo #2827. Further legislation is expected to provide more clarity

Minimum limit of US$ 500,000 or a PA policy

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary if EL not purchased

50000 (generally placed offshore)

Currently only compulsory for Public Service Vehicles (taxi, bus etc.) with a minimum BI limit of US$100,000. Further legislation is expected to extend this to all vehicles. We require a minimum of US$50,000 PD/BI combined

Responsibilities to employees established under the Antigua & Barbuda Workers Compensation Ordinance of 1957 (Cap 475), Amendment 1 of 1994 to the Workers Compensation Ordinance, the Antigua & Barbuda Factories Act of 12975 and Division D of the Labour Code of 1975 (in part). Medical Services are provided by the Ministry of Health but treatment abroad is limited to XCD 2000. While only certain classes of employment are required by law to carry WC insurance, it is common for all companies to have the coverage. Certification is required

to be added to the WC policy, minimum limits XCD 7,500,000

US$25,000. Coverage is generally placed offshore at Lloyds

Compulsory under the Motor Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Risks) Ordinance of 1950 as amended. Limits are XCD 10,000 per person XCD 100,000 per event BI, PD is not compulsory. We require a minimum of XCD 250,000 BI/PD.

Statutory Limits for Riesgos de Trabajo came into force under Law 24557 of 1995 and is underwritten by specialist insurers. Certification is required.

During 9/04 the Supreme Court ruled that Art 39 of Law 24557 is unconstitutional. This ruling reinstates an employees right to sue employers . However insurers are currently unwilling to insure the exposure; until the situation is clarified we will require a PA policy


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Country Workers Compensation (WC) Employers Liability (EL) General Third Party Liability Professional LiabilityPersonal Accident

(PA)Auto Liability (BI = Third Party Bodily

Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Armenia not available 100,000

Australia not required not required 5,000,000 1,000,000

Austria not required Euro 1,500,000

Azerbaijan 100,000 50,000

Bahamas 1,000,000

Bahrein not required BHD 1,000,000 BHD 500,000

Bangladesh 100,000 10,000

Barbados State scheme no certification required minimim BD$5,000,000 not required 500,000 100,000

Belarus not required 100,000 25,000

Belgium not required not required 2,500,000 500,000 Statutory BI/PD is unlimited

There are some very limited benefits available under social security. A Personal Accident policy is required in lieu.


Minimum limit US$50000, however the coverage is not readily available and insurers will likely need external reinsurance support.

Compulsory insurance has been under consideration for some time for Bodily Injury only and with very low limits. We require a minimum of US$25,000 PD/BI combined.

State Monopoly in NSW, VIC, QLD & SA. Private insurers elsewhere. Statutory Benefits. Certification required where insurance is private

BI is unlimited by Statute. PD A$20,000,000 (commonly offerred)



Euro 500,000 (certain professions are required to have higher limits by Law).

Compulsory under the Motor Liability Insurance Act of 1994 with limits of ATS 15,000,000 for PD/BI. Limits to increase to Euro 3,000,000 in 2005 and Euro 5,000,000 in 2007. We require the Euro 3m. Limit

Not compulsory, no Social Security system, responsibility of employers established under the Civil Code and Labour code. PA is required

May become obligatory at some point. Minimum limits US$ 15,000 per accident, US$ 1,500,000 aggregate.


Compulsory since 1995 but limits are AZM 5,000,000 BI and AZM 3,.000,000 PD (US$ 1,000, US$ 600). We require US$ 25,000 PD/BI combined.

The Workers Compensation Act of 1943 was repealed in 1974 by the Bahamas National Insurance Scheme, The National Insurance Act and Regulations are incorporated under Chapter 320 of the statute Laws of The Bahamas (1987), No certification required.

minimum limit US$ 1,000,000


US$ 1,000,000 This is generally placed offshore.

The Road Traffic acts, 1955 - 1988 were amended by the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act of 2004 which removed unlimited liability for BI and relaced this with limits of US$ 2,500,000 per person and US$ 30,000,000 per accident. PD is optional, we require a minimum of US$ 150,000

State scheme run by The General Organisation for Social Insurance (GOSI) is regulated by Decree Law 24 of 1976. No certification required.

minimum limit US$ 1,000,000

The Road Traffic act of 1954 introduced unlimited liability for BI and was extended by Decree 3 of 1987 to include unlimited PD. Decree 7 of 1996 reduced the PD limit to BHD 500,000

Workmens Compensation Act of 1982 only covers workers who earn up to BDT 3,000 per month. Certification required if Vendor has employees in this category. PA is mandatory.

not required (although liability does exist under the Factories Act)


Road Traffic Act of 1960, amended 1964 and 1984 requires unlimited BI/PD cover. (NB despite this legal requirement many vehicles are uninsured so certification is necessary

Statutory BI is unlimited (but projected legislation may reduce this to BD$30m.) Statutory PD is BD$50,000

A mandatory scheme for work injuries and occupational diseases was introduced under a Presidential Decree in 2003. It is financed by employers contributions and the monopoly insurer is Belgosstrakh. Certification required

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary Coverage is compulsory for certain State employees.

Euro 50,000 BI/PD combined. (Statutory Limits are low, currently Euro 5,000 each for PD and BI but if there are multiple deaths/injuries the limit is 3 x this amount).

Occupational diseases are covered by a state scheme. Workers Compensation is obligatory under Law of 4/10/71, Law of 4/29/96 and Royal decree of 12/28/71 (for seafarers, certification required).

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Belize BZD 500,000

Benin 100,000

Bermuda to be added to GL policy not required 1,000,000 1,000,000

Bhutan 100,000 25,000

Bolivia not required not required 100,000 25,000

Bosnia not required 750,000

Botswana BWP 1,000,000 BWP 1,000,000

Brazil to be added to GL policy not required 750,000 50,000 Statutory DPVAT + $25,000 PD, $100,000 BI

Brunei BRD 5,000,000 not required BRD 500,000

Covered by the state under the Social Security Act (Chapter 44 of the laws of Belize). There are some minor exceptions, including work outside Belize. Certification not required.

Minimum limits BZD 500,000

Required if staff will work outside Belize with minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary

Not readily available and insurers will need external reinsurance. Minimum limit BZD 200,000

Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act is Chapter 21 of the laws of Belize. Statutory requirements are BZD 50,000 per person and BZD 100,000 per accident for BI and BZD 20,000 PD. We require a minimum of BZD 200,000 per person and BZD 800,000 per accident BI and BZD 200,000 PD.

State scheme under the Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale (previously Office Beninoise de Securite Sociale). No certification required

GL policy to be extended to include "Responsabilite Civile du Chef d'Entreprise".



Compulsory under the CIMA code. Liability for BI is theoretically unlimited but Arts 258 - 266 of the Code include a table of compensation rates.

The Workers Compensation Amendment Act of 2004 expanded the scope to benefits to include all employees. Coverage is only compulsory however for 6, essentially manual, occuoations. Certification required.

The Road Traffic Act, 1943 made BI coverage compulsory with limits of US$ 125,000 per person, US$ 500,000 per accident. We require limits of US$ 5,000,000 BI and US$ 500,000 PD.

There is only one insurer, the Royal Insurance Corporation of Bhutan (39% government owned). Social security type benefits are likely provided by the National Pension and Provident Fund

Statutory under Article 10 of pensions law of 1996. Handled by the Life Insurance companies. Certification required

Statutory since 1/1/2001 as Seguro Obligatorio de Accidentes de Transito (SOAT). Limits are low, we require excess limits to a minimum ofof US$20,000 BI/PD

State scheme via Social Security. No certification required.


Compulsory for certain professions. We require US$ 100,000 unless statutory limits higher.

Compulsory limits are KM 275,000 BI and KM 165,000 PD. These were due to be increased to Euro 250,000 BI and Euro 170,000 PD by 2005 but this has not been enacted (4/05). We require the Euro limits. BI is supposed to increase to Euro 500,000 in 2006.

Compulsory under Workers Compensation act #23 of 1998 (plus several regulations). Benefits are low. Certification is required

to be added to WC insurance (known as Common Law cover), with a minimum limit of BWP 500,000

Minimum Death Benefit 4 x Annual Salary (in line with WC requirements).

BI is handled by the parastatal Botswana Motor Vehicle Accident Fund (BMVAF) which was established under the Motor Vehicle Accident Fund Act of 1998. It is funded by a levy on fuel. We require PD coverage - standard limits are BWP 2,000,000 which includes excess BI.

Government Monopoly under INPS, no certification required

Required by the Workers Compensation Act of 1957. Certification required.

US$ 100,000 (usually placed offshore).

Compulsory under Motor Vehicles (Third Party Risks) Act of 1950 as revised in 1984 with unlimited BI. PD is voluntary and we require the commonly issued amount of BRD 3,000,000

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Bulgaria to be added to GL policy not required BGN 500,000

Burkina Faso not required

Burundi No information currently available 100,000 50,000Cabo Verde 100,000 50,000

Cambodia not available 250,000

Cameroon not required CFA 500,000,000 CFA 100,000,000

Canada to be added to GL policy not required C$5,000,000 C$1,000,000

Cayman Islands not required KYD 1,000,000 KYD 500,000

Central African Republic No information currently available 100,000 50,000

Chad No information currently available 100,000 50,000Chile 500,000 100,000

Covered by the National Social Security Institute. No certification required.

BGN 500,000 unless statutory limits higher.

Statutory limits are amended annually with a view to reaching EU standards by 2007. Effective 1/1/05 limits were BGN 140,000 for Material Losses and BGN 400,000 per person, BGN 480,000 per accident for Non Material Losses (Material losses include Medical Expenses which would normally be paid under BI). We require twice local statutory limits capped at EU 4th Directive level (Euro 1,000,000 BI, Euro 500,000 PD), until 5th Directive limits are implemented.

State provided via Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale. No certification required.


Minimum limit CFA 250,000,000

Minimum limit CFA 75,000,000


The Caixa Economica de Cabo Verde (an insurance company), has been sold to Portuguese interests. There is one other insurance company, Garantia - companhia de seguros de cabo verde sarl. Social Security benefits provided by the Instituto Nacional de Previdencia Social.

The Labor Law establishes employers responsibilities and, under Art 256 provides for obligatory insurance via a Social Security sytem which has not yet been set up. Limited insurance is available and we require "Plan A" which has a US$10,000 limit


Minimum limit US$50000. This will likely need to placed offshore, eg in Thailand

Insurance Law of 200 as amended by Executive Orders (Prakas) in 2002 requires cars to have a minimum of US $5,000 per person, US$ 25,000 per accident for BI and US$ 10,000 PD. We require a minimum of US$ 10,000 per person, US$ 100,000 per accident for BI.

State Scheme via Caisse Nationale de Prevoyance Sociale. No certification required



Government Monopoly. No certification required

Minimum C$500,000 PD/BI combined unless Provincial Statutory limits higher

The Workers Compensation Law of 1964, amended in 1996 only requires mandatory insurance for employees earning less than KYD 1,500 per month. The Employment Law, 2004, when enacted, is to embrace all employees. Certification will be required once the Employment Law is enacted.

Combined WC/EL policies typically have limits of KYD 1,000,000

Compulsory under the Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act of 1990 as amended in 1997 and 2003. Current limits are US$ 1,250,000 per person, US$ 6,250,000 per accident for BI and US$ 312,500 for PD

Statutory Limits under Law 16,744 of 1998 Minimum limits of UF5000 within Third Party Liability policy


Statutory SOAP + plus Excess to UF5000 BI/PD

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Not required - Law is very ambiguous to be added to GL policy 1,000,000 25,000

Colombia 50,000 500,000 100,000

Comoros No information currently available 100,000 50,000Congo, Dem. Rep. Of not required 100,000

Congo, Rep. Of not required CFA 200,000,000

Costa Rica not required not required 100,000

Cote d'Ivoire CFA 500,000,000 CFA 100,000,000

Croatia not required 250,000 100,000 Statutory BI/PD limits adequate

Cuba State scheme, no certification required 500,000 not required 1,000,000 Typically US$ 1000000

Cyprus not required not required CYP 500,000 CYP 200,000

China (separate entry for Hong Kong)


US$25,000 BI/PD unless local city ordinance requires a higher limit

WC was privatized by Law 100 of 1993 and is known as Riesgos Professionales under Decree Law 1295 of 1994. Business is written by specialized groups known as ARP's (Administradoras de Riesgos Professionales) - not all being traditional insurance companies. Certification is required


The obligatory SOAT coverage has very low limits. We require excess limits to a minimum of PD/BI US$25,000

State scheme under the Instituto Nationale de Securite Sociale. No certification required


difficult to obtain, minimum limits US$ 25,000

Compulsory under Law 73/013 of 1973. Liability is theoretically unlimited but we require at least US$ 50,000 PD/BI combined

State scheme under the Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale. This entity has financial problems so PA is a requirement.


Obligatory for many professions under CIMA. Minimum limits CFA 25,000,000


Compulsory under Codigo de Trabajo. Certification required

US$25,000. However the State monopolistic insurer (INS) is often reluctant to give coverage, in which case consult the Insurance Unit with full details

The Ley de Transito por Vias Publicas Terrestres # 7331 of 1993 requires compulsory BI but death benefits are very low. Our minimum limits are BI: CRC40,000,000 PD: CRC20,000,000

State Scheme via Caisse Nationale de Prevoyance Sociale. No certification required



State monopoly (HZZO) no vertification required

to be added to GL policy (employees can claim under the Obligations Act). Minimum limit US$50,000

No mandatory coverage. US$ 25,000 BI, US$ 15,000 PD is common practice

Compulsory under the Employers Liability Law of 1997 wihich requires minimum limits of CYP 50,000 per person, CYP 2,000,000 per event/series of events and CYP 3,000,000 aggregate. We require the per person limit to be increased to CYP 100,000.

Compulsory under the Motor Vehicles (Third Party Liability Insurance) Law of 2000 with minimum limits of CYP 2,000,000 BI and CYP 60,000 PD. EU 4th Directive limits to be implemented.

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Czech Republic not required CZK 15,000,000

Denmark not required not required 1,000,000 500,000

Djibouti No information currently available 100,000 50,000Dominica not required Minimum limit XCD 500,000

Dominican Republic to be added to GL policy 150,000 50,000

50,000 5,000Ecuador not required 250,000 50,000 US$25,000 PD/BI

Egypt Minimum limit US$50,000 250,000 50,000

El Salvador not required 250,000

Equatorial Guinea No information currently available 100,000 50,000Eritrea No information currently available 100,000 50,000Estonia Euro 500,000

The state Social Security scheme provides very low limits. These are "topped up" by purchasing EL cover. No certification required.

Currently only written (fronted) by two insurers for the Ministry of Finance. It is uncertain whether the class will be privatized or rolled into Social Security. Certification is required.

Obligatory for most professions. Minimum limits CZK 10,000,000

Motor Third Party Liability Insurance Act Amendment wffective 5/1/04 implemented EU 4th Directive increasing statutory limits to CZK 35,000,000 per person BI and CZK 18,000,000 PD. The EU 5th Directive is to be implemented.

Compulsory (certification required) minimum limit DKK 8,500,000

Compulsory EU 4th Directive requires DKK 87,000,000 BI and DKK 17,000,000. These limits will increase when the 5th Directive is enacted.

Social Security benefits under the Social Security Act of 1975, the Employee Safety Act of 1982, the Environmental Health Services Act of 1997 and the Noise Abatement Act of 1993. No certification required.

Minimum limits XCD 1,000,000


Compulsory under the Motor Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act # 19 of 1988 with limits of XCD 200,000 per person, XCD1,000,000 per event BI, XCD 100,000 per claim XCD 500,000 per event PD

The Accidentes de Trabajo Law #385 as modified by Law 907 of 1978 have been consolidated into the Socoal Security Law ##87 of 2001 which nationalised the business. State scheme, no certification required


Statutory limits initially created by Law 4117 of 1955 and amended by Dcree 1339 of 1995 were superceded by Insurance Law #146 and Resolution 010 in 2002 but limits remain inadequate at DOP 100,000 PD, DOP 100,000 per person, DOP 200,000 per event BI. We require minimum limits of US$25,000 PD/BI combined.

State scheme - IESS no certification required


State scheme - Law 79/125 no certification required


Statutory BI is unlimited. PD minimum US$20,000

State scheme under the Instituto Salvadoreno de Seguro Social. No certification required


Limited availability, minimum limit US$50,000

Compulsory under Decree 487 published in the Official Gazette # 212 on 11/16/95 and Regulated by Reglamento de Transito Arts. 63 - 71 published in 1996 but the Law has yet to be enacted. We require minimum limits of US$ 25,000 PD/BI combined.

Was due to become obligatory in 2003 but this has been postponed. Until this occurs we require PA cover.

to be added to GL policy with minimum limits of EEK 5,000,000


Euro 50,000 unless statutory requirements higher

Motor Third Party Liability Insurance Act of 2001 made coverage compulsory. The limits of EEK 5,500,000 BI and EEK 1,600,000 PD meet EU 4th Directive requirements. The 5th Directive is being implemented which will raise limits to Euro 1,000,000 BI and Euro 500,000 PD

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Ethiopia not required 250,000 25,000

Fiji not required FJD 500,000

Finland not required Euro 2,000,000 Euro 100,000

France to be added to GL policy not required Euro 2,000,000 Euro 500,000

Gabon not required CFA 100,000,000 CFA 25,000,000

Georgia not required 250,000 50,000

Germany to be added to GL policy 2,500,000 1,000,000

Ghana to be added to WC policy 250,000 100,000

Gibraltar to be added to GL policy not required GBP 2,000,000 GBP 1,000,000

Greece not required Euro 500,000 Euro 300,000 Compulsory EU 4th Directive applies

Grenada not required Minimum limit XCD 500,000

Guadeloupe no other information currently available 500,000 100,000

Guam to be added to GL policy not required 1,000,000 500,000

Not obligatory but under Labour Proclamation # 377/2003 employers are liable for injury (Art 96), medical (Art 105) and diability/survivors pension (Art 107). Certification is required. Alternatively, we will accept a PA policy


Legislation has been under discussion for many years but coverage remains voluntary. We require limits of US$ 5,000 per person, 25,000 per accident BI and US$ 15,000 PD

The Workers Compensation Act of 1965 established benefits but did not make insurance compulsory. Benefits have not been updated since 1992. Certification required

Responsibility established under the Health & Safety at Work Act of 1966. Policies are issued in combination with WC. Minimum limits FJD 250,000

FJD 100,000 (often placed offshore).

Compulsory under Ordinance 19 of 1948 and Ordinance 27 of 1954, BI is unlimited. PD is not compulsory but we require a minimum of FJD 100,000

Compulsory under the Occupational Accidents Insurance Act, 1948, as amended in 1981. Certification required.

Not required but often added to the WC policy to provide 24 hour coverage.

Compulsory under Motor Vehicle Insurance Act, 1960. BI is unlimited, PD is Euro 3,300,000. EU 5th Directive to be implemented.

State scheme (CNPS). No certification required

Statutory Limits (BI unlimited, PD Euro 450,000)

Limited benefits available under Social Security. No certification required.



Very limited Social Security Benefits. No certification required.


Introduced as compulsory BI only in 1997 with amendments in 2001. The limits are extremely low. We require a minimum of US$ 50,000 PD/BI combined

Statutory "Berufsgennosenschaften" no certification required


PD/BI US$10,000,000 (Euro 50,000,000 per event)

Statutory limits under Workers Compensation Act of 1987 amended in 1994. Certification required


Statutory limits under Motor Vehicle (Third Party Injuries) Act of 1958 as amended in 2002: BI unlimited, PD GHC10m. We require minimum PD limit of US$10,000

Covered by the Employment Injuries Insurance Scheme of 1952. No certification needed

Compulsory under the Insurance (Motor Vehicles)(Third Party Risks) Ordinance of 1996. Currently EU 4th Directive limits apply

Covered by Social Security (IKA). No certification required

Minimum limit Euro 50,000 per accident, Euro 100,000 aggregate

Social Security benefits under the National Insurance Act of 1983, the Factories Act of 1958, the Grenada Employment Act of 1999 and the Labour Code of 2000. No certification required



Compulsory under the Motor Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act #19 of 1939 and amendments with limits of XCD 100,000 per person, XCD 500,000 per event BI, XCD 100,000 per claim, XCD 200,000 per event PD

Compulsory under Guam Workers Compensation Law - Title 22 Guam Code Annotated. Certification required

Mandatory limits are US$ 20,000 PD, US$ 25,000 per person US$ 50,000 per accident. We require US$ 50,000 PD, US$ 100,000 per person US$ 200,000 per accident BI.

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Guatemala to be added to GL policy not required GTQ 1,000,000 GTQ 250,000

Guinea No information currently available 100,000 50,000Guinea Bissau No information currently available 100,000 50,000Guyana 100,000 25,000

Haiti not required 100,000

Honduras to be added to GL policy 50,000 10,000

Hong Kong Statutory limits to be included in WC policy not required 1,000,000 750,000 BI compulsory (HK$100m.) PD US$100,000

Hungary State scheme. No certification required not required HUF 250,000,000

Iceland ISK 150,000,000

India 250,000 50,000 PD US$20,000 (Statutory BI is unlimited)

Indonesia Minimum limit US$100.000 250,000

Covered under Decree Law 295 of 1946 by the Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social. No certification required

Currently only compulsory for Inter City buses. We require GTQ 200,000 PD/BI combined

State scheme under National Insurance and Social Security Act no15 of 1969. No certification required

minimum limits of US#100,000 to be added to GL policy


Motor Vehicles Insurances (Third Party Risks) Act of 1937, modified in 1986 has inadequate statutory limits. Minimum US$10,000 for BI and PD required

The Social Security Decree Law of 1949 established benefits which are administered by the state owned Office d'Assurances Accidents du Travail (OFATAMA) operated under L'Institute d'Assurances Sociale d'Haiti. No certification required


US$ 50,000 This would need to be placed offshore

The Motor Third Party Decree of 1964, amended in 1987 requires compulsory coverage of HGO 12,500 for BI and HGO 7,500 PD to be placed via the state owned Office d'Assurance Contre Tiers. We require voluntary cover of US$ 20,000 PD/BI combined in addition.

State Scheme under 1959 Labor Law. Limits are nominal, No certification required


Not compulsory. We require minimum limits of BI US$ 10,000, PD US$ 5,000

Minimum limits HUF 25,000,000 per event, HUF 100,000,000 annual aggregate

Compulsory for over 30 professions. Minimum limits HUF 20,000,000 per event, HUF 100,000,000 annual aggregate

Statutory minimum limits HUF 300,000,000 BI (per person), HUF 500,000,000 PD. EU Fifth Directive to be applicable in due course.

State scheme under the Social Security Act 117/1993. No certification required.

included in GL policy (I.e. is not excluded).


ISK 10,000,000 unless statutory limits higher

Compulsory. Current EU $th Directive limits are ISK 228,000,000 BI and ISK 101,000,000 PD. 5th Directive being implemented

Statutory limits apply under the Workers Compensation Act of 1923 as amended by the Act of 1995. Purchase is not compulsory. Includes EL. If WC not purchased, PA becomes a requirement and EL must be added to Third Party Liability

Either included in WC or added to General Liability

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary if WC not purchased

Law 33 of 1977 as amended by Law 3 of 1992 and expanded in 1993 created JAMSOSTEK, which is compulsoty for firms with over 10 employees. Foreign workers are now included via Decree #KEP-67/MEN/IV/2004.

Minimun Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary.

US$25,000. (Construction Services Law 18/1999 requires architects, civil, mechanical, electrical etc. entities to guarantee their work for 10 years. It is not clear that this liability can be insured - as, eg, it must be in France etc.)

Law 34/1964 on the Fund for Road Traffic Accidents provide for compulsory insurance via State owned Jas Raharja, but this is basically limited to modest medical expenses (limit IDR 10,000,000). We require a minimum of US$15,000 for PD, BI and Passenger Liability

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Iran not required 250,000 25,000

not required 250,000

Ireland State scheme. No certification required not required 2,000,000 1,000,000

Israel not required 1,000,000 150,000

Italy not required Euro 3,000,000 Euro 1,000,000

Jamaica State scheme, no certification required minimum J$10,000,000 not required 250,000 100,000

Japan 2,500,000

Jordan not required JD 100,000 JD 25,000


Not a traditional coverage but now available. Coverage limked to Diyeh (blood money) limits which are changed every six months by the Ministry of Justice. We require the coverage

Compulsory with limits for BI linked to Diyeh (see Employers Liability), PD is IRR2m. We require a minimum of IRR 50,000,000 for PD and IRR 200,000,000 for BI

Iraq: Requirements are those technically/theoretically available. The current actual situation is unclear

There is no legislation as such but employees are covered for loss of wages under Social Security. Expatriates are covered but the limits are very low so they should have coverage appropriate for their country of origin

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary. (Note: it is unclear whether the local insurers have the reinsurance capacity to insure foreign workers

Coverage is virtually unknown in Iraq and even Doctors/Hospitals do not purchase. This situation is likely to change and we should endeavor to get a minimum of US$25,000 in limits

Compulsory under the Road Traffic Act with unlimited liability for BI. "Premiums" are paid via a levy on gasoline so theoretically all vehicles are insured. These premiums are handed over to the National Insurance Company which administers claims. PD limits are unknown but we should endeavor to get a minimum of $25,000

to be added to GL policy. The Personal Injuries Assessment Board (PIAB) Act of 2003 handles quantum for claims

BI is unlimited under Road Traffic Act. Minimum PD is Euro350,000 under the EU Fourth Directive

State Fund, no certification required. Administered by National Insurance Institute of Israel under National Insurance Law, 1995

minimum limit US$5,000,000

Compulsory under the Compensation for Traffic Accident Casualties Law 5735/1975 and Motor Vehicle Insurance Law 5730/1970. BI is unlimited by Statute. Minimum PD limit of NIS350,000 required.

Compulsory under Istituto Nazionale per L'assicurazione contra gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL) No certification required

Minimum limit Euro3,000,000. May be added to GL policy

Compulsory under Law 990 of 12/24/69 and following. EU Fifth Directive requires Euro 1,000,000 BI and Euro 500,000 PD

Statutory limits not sufficient. Minimum limit PDJ$1,500,000 per accident BI J$2,000,000 per person, J$5,000,000 per accident

The Workers Compensation Insurance Act of 1947 provides Social Security type benefits. Excess benefits are available from the private insurance market but larger employers tend to self insure the exposure. No certification required

minimum limits Yen 30,000,000

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary (NB the Japanese market has a broad definition of PA, including, in some cases, nursing care and "maturity refund" which is a savings vehicle. We only require traditional PA coverage).

There are special wordings for 23 professions with coverage usually arranged by a Professional Association. We require a minimum of Yen 100,000,000

The Automobile Liability Security Law (CALI) was introduced in 1955 for BI only. Limits were last increased in 2002. We require CALI plus excess limits to US$ 500,000 BI and US$ 100,000 PD

A state scheme under the Social Security Law #19, 2001. Administered by the Social Security Fund. No certification required


1984 Law amended by Third Party Liability Compulsory Motor Insurance Regulation #32, 2001 establishes BI limits of JD 10,000 (for death) and PD limits of JD 75,000. We require a BI limit of JD 25,000

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Kazakhstan not required 50,000 10,000

Kenya WC Act 72 of 1948 limits plus PA US$250,000 US$100,000 PD US$50,000 (Statutory BI is unlimited)

Kiribati No information currently available 100,000 25,000Korea, Rep.of not required KRW 300,000,000

Kuwait KWD 150,000 KWD 50,000

Kyrgyz Republic not required not required 100,000 50,000

Lao PDR not required 100,000

Latvia not required LAT 500,000

Lebanon see WC 250,000 50,000

Lesotho 500,000 200,000

Liberia No information currently available 100,000 50,000Libya Govt. monopoly, no certification Minimum limit US$100.000 not required 250,000 25,000 BI Statutory limits PD US$25,000Lithuania not required LIT 1,000,000

Luxembourg State scheme not required not required 2,500,000 1,000,000 Statutory BI/PD is unlimited

Required but not yet obligatory under Art. 20 of the Law on Safety at Work. Coverage is provided via a Personal Accident policy

Minimum Death Benefit of 10 x Annual Salary as required by Art. 30 of the Law on Safety at Work

Compulsory under Law 139 of 1996 but limits are inadequate. We require a minimum of US$20,000 PD/BI

US$100,000 per occurrence Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary

Benefits provided by Social Security under the Labour Standards Law 1953 and the Industrial Accidents Compensation Insurance Law of 1964. No certification required unless it is a one employee company as these are exempted from the Act

KRW 100,000,000 per person, KRW 200,000,000 per occurrence (except not required for one person firms)

KRW 100,000,000 (some professions pay a cash deposit to their professional association or purchase a Bond, but limits are rarely adequate.

Obligatory under the Compulsory Liability Security Law of 1963 (CALI). Limits were increased in 2005 to KRW 100,000,000 for Death, KRW 20,000,000 other BI, KRW 10,000,000 PD. However it is common to purchase voluntary additional coverage to unlimited PD/BI and we require this.

Benefits are provided for by the Labour Law 38.1964 and Ministerial Order 66.1983 but insurance is not compulsory. Certification required

Minimum limits KWD 100,000 per person, KWD 250,000 aggregate

not required (but in certain cases WC issued in conjunction with PA and/or Group Life).

Compulsory under Road Traffic Act 1959 as amended by Traffic Law 67/1976. Both BI and PD are unlimited.

Not compulsory but the Law on Work requires employers to pay 20 x salary for death plus a pension to dependents to age 18 (or 23 if in full time education). Certification required.

Not compulsory. We require minimum limits of US$ 20,000 BI and US$ 20,000 PD.

Responsibility defined in the Workers Compensation Act of 1990 and reaffirmed by the Labor Law of 1994, coverage is provided by the Social Security System for Enterprise Employees which incepted in 2001. No certification is required but limits are very low so PA is a requirement


US$ 25,000 but currently only freely available for architects

Compulsory since 1990 (when no insurance company existed!). The limits ae extremely with a maximum liability under the Act of KIP 10,000,000 (US$ 926). We require "Option IV" with limits of KIP 450,000,000 BI and KIP 50,000,000 PD.

Covered by the State Welfare System. No certification required.


LAT 50,000 unless staturory limits higher

EU 4th Directive introduced 2004. Limits are LAT 250,000 BI and LAT 70,000 PD

Decree #136 of 9/16/83 has not yet been enacted and we will accept a WC policy (extended to include Employers Liability) or a PA policy in lieu.

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary if WC not purchased

1977 Law requiring Compulsory BI coverage was enacted in 2003 with limits of US$500,000 for cars. We require also a minimum of US$50,000 for PD. There is a possibility of new Legislation in 04/05 which may establish a higher PD limit.

No information currently available but South African limits would not be unreasonable.

State scheme administered since 2000 by SoDra. No certification required


LIT 150,000 unless statutory requirements higher

Compulsory since 2002 with very low limits. EU 4th Directive limits of Euro 500,000 PD and Euro 1,000,000 BI effective since May 2004.

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Macedonia not required Euro 100,000

Madagascar not required MFR 5,000,000,000 MFR 1,000,000,000

Malawi US$50,000

Malaysia not required 500,000 50,000

Maldives not known not required 100,000 25,000 Statutory coverage

Mali not required 100,000 50,000

State scheme, no certification required. PA is required.


Euro 50,000 unless statutory requirements higher

The Motor Third Party Liability Act of 2005 will replace Part 5 of the Insurance Act of 1997 with increased limits of Euro 50,000 PD/BI (for cars). These limits will increase annually to 2010 when they will be Euro 500,000 PD and Euro 1,000,000 (for cars). As of 4/04 the new Act was not in force but require a minimum of Euro 50,000 PD/BI or higher as required by Statute.

Some coverage available from the Caisse Nationale de Prevoyance Sociale (CNaPS). Certification not required. (PA is required).


Statutory is theoretically unlimited but in practice limited by Reinsurance to MFR 5,000,000. The Insurance Law of 1999/Application Decree 2000-986 is to include a scale of benefits for most injuries but has not yet been published (May 05).

Introduced by the Workers Compensation Acy of 1990 (and amendments) but is not compulsory by law. Limits are very low and should be supplemented by a Personal Accident insurance. Certification required

Minimum limits MWK 1,000,000 per person, MWK 5,000,000 annual aggregate


US$100,000. Up to US$1,000,000 said to be available

Road Traffic Act of 1997 provide for unlimited liability for Bodily Injury. The Property Damage limit of MWK 250,000 was increased (in error) by the Government Gazette to a minimum of MWK 5,000,000. This is under discussion. We will accept MWK 2,500,000

State Scheme under the Employers Social Security Act of 1969 and Employers Social Security (General Regulations) 1971 which brought in the Social Security Organization (SOCSO). Coverage is obligatory but does not apply to foreign workers. These are protected by the Workers Compensation Act of 1952 (as amended). No certification required for SOCSO. Certification is required if foreign workers are employed

Minimum limit of US$500,000

Road Traffic Act of 1987 requires unlimited BI coverage (passenger liability is only compulsory for public transport vehicles). We require a minimum of US$25,000 for Passenger Liability and PD.

to be added to the GL policy

State scheme under the Institute Nationale de la Prevoyance Sociale. No certification required.



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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Malta not required MTL 1,000,000

Marshall Islands No information currently available 100,000 25,000Mauretania No information currently available 100,000 50,000Mauritius MUR 10,000,000 MUR 5,000,000

Mexico to be added to GL policy 500,000 100,000

Micronesia No information currently available 100,000 25,000Moldova 100,000 25,000

Mongolia not required 25,000 5,000

Morocco not required MDH 5,000,000 MDH 1,000,000

Under the Conditions of Employment Registration (ERA) Act employers are responsible health and welfare of staff for full salary for 12 months (6 day "deductible" for work related accidents). Insurance is not compulsory and should be added to the EL policy

The Employers Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act of 1974 was passed by parliament but never enacted, Cover for occupational accidents and disease is available and we also require that the policy be extended to cover ERA benefits (see Workers Comp).

MTL 100,000 unless statutory requirements are higher.

Malta Road Traffic Act 1939 limits amended on EU accession to MTL 500,000 for BI and MTL 100,000 for PD

State scheme administered by the National Pension Scheme (1976) with benefits defined by the Industrial Injury Scheme (1979).

Required - used to pay first 15 days disability which is not covered by NPS

To comply with IIS benefits standard is 6 x Annual Salary for Death and 8 x for Permanent Disability

Statutory coverage is unlimited for BI/PD but there are some indications legislation will be introduced to limit liability.

State Scheme under Social Security legislation. No certification required.


The Federal District Assembly passed a law in 1997 (Seguro Obligatorio para el Uso de Vehiculos Automotores - SUVA), to introduce compulsory BI cover. Due to a change in government it was only enacted for Public Transport Vehicles (however this applies nationally for vehicles carrying fare paying passengers). Nueva Leon and Chihuahua have legislation requiring compulsory coverage. Users of toll roads have a form of coverage applicable only while on the road. Commercial vehicles on any Federal Highway are required to have compulsory BI/PD coverage. As all of these limits are quite low, we require a minimum of US$ 50,000 combined for BI/PD.

Law on Labor Protection insurance is effectively issued as Personal Accident

not required (effectivelycovered by Personal Accident)

Law on Labor Protection requires a minimum Death Benefit of 10 years salary

Law on Compulsory Third Party Liability Insurance of the Owners of Motor Vehicles and City Electric Transport of 1994 (effective 1/1/95) requires unlimited BI and PD cover of MOL 180,000. Due to devaluation, we require a minimum PD limit of US$25,000

The Law requiring this coverage has not been implemented. We will accept PA coverage in lieu


Law on Insurance of 1997, amended by Regulation 95 of 19 March, 2003 provides complulsory limits of MTN1,000,000. We require a minimum of US$5,000 for both PD and BI

Insurance, with limits as per the Workers Compensation Insurance Law 18-01 of 2002 (amended in 2003, will not become compulsory until 2006, but we require the coverage to be in place.


Compulsory under Law 1-69-100 of 1969 as amended by Law 1-84-177 of 1984. The BI coverage, which was unlimited, was reduced to MDH 10,000,000 under the Insurance Law of 2002 (17-99). We require minimum limits of MDH 10,000,000 for BI/PD combined.

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Mozambique not required not required 50,000 10,000 minimum limits of US$ 25,000 BI/PD combined

Myanmar not required

Namibia

Nepal not required 50,000 10,000

Netherlands not required

Netherlands Antilles no other information currently available 1,000,000 50,000

New Zealand not required NZ$2,000,000 NZ$1,000,000

to be insured as per the requirements of Decree 8/85. Certfication required

The Workmens Compensation Act of 1923 imposes strict liability on employers but no obligation to insure. Firms with more than five employees are also bound by the Social Security Act of 1954, which is a state scheme, no certification required. Social security benefits are limited so we require PA coverage.


Obligatory under the Insurance Law, but not enforced. Minimum limit US$ 100,000

Very undeveloped market even though the Commercial Law on negligence follows English Law and practice. Minimum US$ 10,000

Compulsory under Art. VI of the 1993 Insurance Law. Limits are MMK 25,000 for Death and BI but unlimited per accident. PD limit is MMK 10,000. It would appear that Excess limits are only available if the premium is paid in US$. We should endeavor to obtain a minimum of US$15,000 PD

The Employees Compensation Act of 1995, which amended the Workmens Compensation Act of 1941 provides compulsory coverage for employees earning up to NMD72,000 p.a. This is administered by the State under the Social Security Act of 1994. No certification is required. (NB most employees will have no coverage under this scheme)

Minimum limit of NMD 1,000,000

Minimum Death Benefit of 3 x Annual Salary

Minimum limit of NMD 5,000,000

Minimum limit of NMD500,000 (Note: this coverage may need to be placed in South Africa)

The Motor Vehicle Act of 1990 requires coverage of NMD 250,000 for BI (Passenger Liability is NMD 25,000 per occurrence). This cover is granted by the State via a levy on gasoline. We require additional limits with a minimum of NMD 2,500,000 BI/PD which is commonly offered.

Labor Act of 1992, Art.38 establishes mandatory insurance for certain occupations but insurance is provided via PA policy - see requirements


Transportation Act has not been implemented. Minimum requirements PD/BI US$10,000

There are numerous Acts that trigger payments under the state Social Security schemes but the government involvement is reducing. We require a minimum WC limit of Euro 1,250,000 for small companies, increasing to Euro 5,000,000 for large companies

To be added to the GL policy. Liability is generally unlimited in the aggregate.

Euro 1,250,000 - 5,000,000 as per WC

Many professions have "required", but not "statutory" limits. Euro 1,000,000 is the minimum

EU 4th Directive limits. EU 5th Directive to be implemented

Accident Compensation Corporation provides no-fault coverage. No certification required.

NZ$2,000,000 (cover will exclude liability for which compensation is provided to any extent by the Accident Rehabilitation and Compensation Act, 1992.

BI is handled on a No-Fault basis by the Govt.Accident Compensation Comission (ACC), there are no statutory limits as such. The scheme is funded by a levy on gasoline and a charge in the vehicle registration fee. PD NZ$20,000,000 is commonly available.

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Nicaragua not required 100,000 10,000

Niger not required 100,000 50,000

Nigeria not required NGN 10,000,000 NGN 5,000,000

Norway not required not required NOK 10,000,000

Oman to be added to GL OMR 150,000 OMR 50,000

State scheme under the Instituto Nicaraguense de Seguridad Social. No certification required


The Ley de Regimen de Circulation Vehicular e Infracciones de Transito passed 6/20/02 and is now approved as Law # 431. Some doubt exists as to whether certain types of organisations (such as Cooperatives) will be allowed to "insure" the liabilities themselves. The limits ar US$ 2,500 per persom/US$ 5,000 per accident for Bodily Injury. We require increased limits of US$10,000 for PD/BI combined

State scheme under the Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale. No certification required.



Obligatory under the Workmens Compensation Decree 17 of 1985. Certification required

included in the WC coverage in Nigeria

BI is for unlimited liability and is compulsory under the Motor Vehicles (Third Party) Insurance Act of 1950. PD cover of NGN 1,000,000 is compulsory under the Insurance Act. However we require a minimum of NGN 2,000,000

Compulsory to statutory limits (based on earnings) under Lov om yrkesskade, 1989. We require certification of this and also of the complementary "safety" (trygghet) coverage

NOK 5,000,000 (certain professions required by Law to have higher limits

Compulsory under Motor Liability Law (Bilansvarsloven, 1961) amended in 1974. BI is unlimited and PD is NOK 1,000,000. We require increased PD limits of NOK 5,000,000

Compulsory under Decree 44/77 for companieds that have more than 8 employees. Certification required. (Omani nationals also have a Social Security scheme)

For companies with fewer than 8 employees, Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary

Compulsory since 1983 with limits of OMR 75,000 any one accident

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Pakistan US$ 250,000 US$ 25,000

Palau No information currently available 100,000 25,000Panama to be added to GL policy not required 500,000 50,000

Papua New Guinea No information currently available 100,000 25,000Paraguay minimum limit US$25,000 not required 100,000 25,000

Peru to be added to GL policy not required 250,000 25,000

Philippines not required 100,000 25,000

Poland not required 500,000 100,000

The Workers Compensation Act of 1923 obligates employers with more than 10 staff to provide benefits but does not make the insurance compulsory. There is a salary cap so only lower paid workers benefit. If the Industry is subject to the Social Security Ordinance of 1965 the Social Security Act of 1965 takes precedence. Benefits were increased under the Labour Laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 2001 but are still low. We therefore require the Personal Accident coverage as a supplement. A WC certificate is required where appropriate, no certification required for Social Security.

to be added to GL policy with a minimum limit of US$ 100,000


Section 95 of the Motor Vehicle Act. 1939 requires compulsory, unlimited, BI cover. We also require minimum PD limits od US$ 20,000

State scheme via the Caja de Seguro Social. No certification required

Compulsory cover was introduced in 1993 but never enacted. Vehicles entering port areas are required to carry US$ 100,000 per person, US$ 300,000 per accident for BI. We require these limits plus US$ 25,000

Statutory (IPS) under Decree Law 1860 of 1950, no certification required

Not compulsory, legislation has been pending for some time. Standard coverage is PYG 40,000,000 Bi and PYG 20,000,000 PD.

Statutory under Law 26790 (as amended), known as Seguro Complementario de Trabajo de Riesgo (SCTR). Handled by Life insurers and Health companies (Entidades Prestadoras de Salud). Certification required.

Statutory under Law 27181 Art 30 and Ministerial Resolution 336-2001-MTC 15.02. Known as Seguro Obligatorio de Accidentes de Transito (SOAT), as amended by Supreme Decree 001-2004-MTc. However limits are very low and we require excess limits of US$30,000 BI/PD

Regulated by the Employees Compensation and State Insurance Fund (Presidential Decree 626). Originally via Decree 442 - the Labor Code of the Philippines. As a state administered scheme we do not require certification

to be added to GL policy with minimum limits of PHP 1,000,000

Chapter VI of the Insurance Code 1978 imposes compulsory BI limit of PHP 50,000. This is inadequate and we require a minimum of US$25,000 PD/BI combined

State scheme under the Social Insurance Institute (ZUS) (which is financially unstable). No certification required

to be added to GL policy with minimum limits of US$50,000

Act of 5/22/03 requires Euro 350,000 per person for BI and Euro 200,000 for PD. These limits are acceptable. Limits are expected to increase to match the EU 5th Directive

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Portugal Euro 500,000 not required Euro 500,000

Puerto Rico not required not required 1,000,000

Qatar QAR 2,000,000 QAR 3,500,000

Romania 500,000 250,000

Russia not required 250,000 20,000

Rwanda No information currently available. 100,000 50,000Saipan no other information currently available 500,000 50,000

Samoa (American) No information currently available.Samoa (Western) No information currently available. 100,000 25,000Sao Tome & Principe No information currently available. 100,000 50,000Saudi Arabia SRY 1,000,000 SRY 1,000,000

Senegal not required 250,000

not available not required Euro 100,000

Required under Law 100/1997, Decree Law 143/1999, Law 99/2003 and Law 35/2004. Certification required

Euro 500,000 unless statutory limits higher

Compulsory under the Codigo da Estrada. Current limits in line with EU 4th Directive

State scheme under Workers accident Compensation Act of 1935 and amendments. No certification required.

US$ 1,000,000 (medical malpractice is placed via a pool of insurers with lower limits).

Compulsory BI is on a No-Fault basis with limits of up to US$ 25,000 for Death. PD is US$ 3,000 on a negligence basis. Cost is paid with Vehicle Licensing. We require a minimum of US$ 100,000 BI/PD combined.

Responsibilities established by Labour Law #3/1992 but insurance is not compulsory. Some firms may insure via a PA policy. Certification required

Minimum QAR 1,000,000 (added to WC policy)

not required unless WC not in force. Minimum Death Benefit equal to "Diya" requirements

Compulsory by Art.58 of the Resolution of the Minister of the Interior #1/1981. Limits established under Law #4/1992 are unlimited for PD and BI. "Blood Money" for death claims was increased to QAR 150,000 in 2004

Law 346/2002 establishes a social security fund but this is not expected to be operational until 2005 and it is not clear whether the benefits will cover the liabilities established by Law 19/2000. Until this situation is clarified, PA is a mandatory requirement


Compulsory for several professions. Minimum Euro 250,000 unless statutory limits higher.

Current Statutory limits (2005) are ROL 1,000,000,000 per person, ROL 5,000,000,000 per accident BI and ROL 3,000,000,000 PD. EU 4th Directive limits to be reached by 2007. We accept current statutory limits.

State scheme (Social Insurance Fund) no certification required


Compulsory limits under Law 40-F2 are not adequate (RUR 400,000). We require a minimum of US$20,000 PD/BI

State scheme under the General Organisation for Social Insurance (GOSI). No certification required. However the Labor Law prescribes different benefits which can be insured under a "Difference in Conditions" (DIC) policy - limits noted under EL. We require either the DIC policy or a PA policy.


SRY 500,000 but may be difficult to obtain.

Compulsory under Royal Decree #222 of 2001. BI is unlimited, PD is SRY 5,000,000. However insurance is issued to holders of drivers licenses rather than to vehicles.

Nationalized in 1975 under Law 75-50 but the scheme is poorly funded. No certification required. PA is required


US$ 50,000 Coverage is compulsory for some professions but is not easily obtainable. In some cases Bonds are posted.


Serbia & Montenegro - Kosovo

State scheme under Social Security, no certification required. Employers are responsible for the first 60 days of benefits but there is no insurance available to cover this.

often added to TP coverage with 25% of that limit

Compulsory limits for cars are Euro 100,000 per person, Euro 300,000 per event BI, Euro 50,000 per claim, Euro 100,000 per event PD

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)not available not required Euro 100,000

Seychelles no information currently available 250,000 100,000Sierra Leone no information currently available 100,000 50,000Singapore not required S$ 1000000

Slovak Republic not required not required SKK 20,000,000

Slovenia Euro 1,000,000

Solomon Islands no information currently available 100,000 25,000Somalia no information currently available 100,000 50,000South Africa to be added to GL policy not required SAR 5,000,000

Spain not required Euro 1,000,000

Serbia & Montenegro - Serbia

State scheme under Social Security, no certification required. Employers are responsible for the first 60 days of benefits but there is no insurance available to cover this.

often added to TP coverage with 25% of that limit

Current Law, Arts 73 - 108 of the Property & Personal Insurance Act, 1996 requires compulsory limits of US$ 100,000 PD/BI for cars. Anew law, due to be passed in 2005 will increase these limits to Euro 500,000 PD and Euro 1,000,000 BI but the law has been delayed following revocation of the licenses of 15 insurance companies (6/05)

Compulsory under the Workers Compensation Act for most manual workers and office staff earning less than S$ 1,600 per month

Issued as part of WC policy, limit is typically S$ 10,000,000

S$ 500,000 certain professional associations require members to carry higher limits

The Singapore Road Traffic Act requires unlimited BI cover. The market standard for PD is S$ 5,000,000 for cars

State Monopoly since 4/1/02 under Social Insurance Institute. No certification required

minimum limit SKK 5,000,000 Certain professions have compulsory requirements. Where these exist we will take the lower statutory limit subject to a minimum of SKK 1,000,000 (about US$30,000).

Auto Liability> From 1/2/02 minimum compulsory limits are SKK 5,000,000 for PD and SKK 19,000,000 for BI. These limits can be increased to SKK 60,000,000 for 20% additional premium. The SKK 60m. is our minimum requirement except for vehicles that travel outside Slovakia where SKK 100m. ir required. The EU 4th Directive came into force on 1/15/05 and the above limits are said to comply. The 5th Directive, when enacted, will require higher limits. (NB benefits for Pain & Suffering are capped at about US$100,000 under Amendment 437/2004 to Act 381/2001).

State controlled through Social Security system. No certification required.

Required unless very specifically nor excluded by GL policy (increasingly rare). Policy mainly covers difference between actual earnings ans social security benefits but also pays for pain & suffering.


Compulsory for many professions but often with low limits. Coverage may be provided by a professional association but "top-up" cover is available. Our minimum limit is Euro 200,000 unless statutory limit is higher.

State Scheme - Compensation for Occupational Illnesses and Diseases Act # 131 of 1993 (COIDA). No certification required

SAR 1,000,000 (may be offered by a professional association)

Unlimited BI under Compulsory Motor Vehicle Insurance Act # 56 of 1972 and Road Traffic Act # 29 of 1989 (as amended). Standard voluntary PD cover of SAR 2,500,000 is acceptable

Nationalized under Social Security Law of 1963. No certification required

to be added to GL policy (seguro patronal)

Euro 500,000 (often done via a professional association

Compulsory limits under EU 4th directive are acceptable, no certification required. 5th directive with higher limits pending - will be Euro1m. BI Euro 500k PD

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Sri Lanka not required 100,000 25,000

St. Lucia not required Minimum limit XCD 500,000

not required Minimum limit XCD 500,000

Sudan not required 100,000 10,000

Suriname not required 100,000 25,000

Swaziland 500,000 200,000

Sweden not required not required SEK 10,000,000

The Workers Compensation Amendment Act of 1990 extended employers legal liabilities but did not make the insurance compulsory. Limits are low. Certification of insurance is required


Motor Traffice Act of 1951 requires unlimited BI coverage. PD is not compulsory but insurers routinely give cover on an unlimited basis

Social Security benefits under the St. Lucia National Insurance Corporation Act of 2000, the Employees (Occupational Health & Safety) Act of 1985, the Industrial and Commercial Buildings (Fire Safety Act) of 1973, the Factories Ordinance Chapter 106 and the Steam Boilers Ordinance Chapter 187. No certification required



Compulsory under the Motor Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act #24 of 1988. Limits are XCD 300,000 per person, XCD 1,500,000 per event BI, XCD 200,000 per claim, XCD 500,000 per event PD

St. Vincent & the Grenadines

Social Security benefits under the National Insurance Act #33 of 1986 and the Factories Act of 1990. No certification required



Compulsory under the Motor Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act of 1947. Limits are XCD 10,000 per person, XCD 100,000 per event BI. PD is not compulsory under this Act. A new Act, the Motor Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act #4 of 2003 increased the BI to XCD 250,000 per persom and XCD 1,000,000 per event and includes PD with limits of XCD 250,000 per "item" and XCD 500,000 per event. As of 6/05 this legislation has not been enacted, however we require the new limits as a minimum

The National Social Insurance Fund (NSIF) is administers benefits payable under the Social Insurance Act of 1990. This only applies if a worker is disabled by more than 15% (or is killed). For other injuries Workers Compensation is compulsory under the Work Injuries Compensation Act of 1981 but enforcement has been limited.

included in the WC coverage in Sudan

The Road Traffic Act #5 of 1962 was amended in 1993 to take Sharia into account. The Act limit for BI is SDD 2,000,000. Per person. PD is unlimited. The BI limit (called Deya) is awarded in almost all cases as it is so low.

Statutory under Law of 1947 (amended in 1950, 1975, 1983 and 2001). Certification required


Motor Third Party (WAM) Act of 1981 amended in 2001 provides statutory limits of SRG7,000,000 for BI and PD. Excess limits to US$10,000 PD/BI required

No information currently available but South African limits would not be unreasonable.

State social security benefits often supplemented by collective agreements under TFA (trygghetsforsakrimg vid arbetsskada) which is provided by specialized insurers. No certification required

SEK 5,000,000 individual industry practice may be higher

The Motor Traffic Damage Act of 1975 imposes obligatory BI/PD for limits as announced. Currently this is SEK 300,000,000 but is expected to be aligned with the EU 5th Directive in due course

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Switzerland not required not required CHF 4,000,000 CHF 1,000,000

Syria State scheme. No certification required not available SYP 50,000,000

Taiwan (R.O.C.) not required 500,000 50,000

Tajikistan no information currently available 100,000 25,000

Tanzania to be added to WC policy TZS 1,000,000,000 TZS 50,000,000

Thailand not required 500,000

The Gambia no information currently available 250,000 100,000Timor Leste No information currently available 100,000 25,000Togo not required not required 50,000

Tonga no information currently available 100,000 25,000Trinidad & Tobago not required TTD 2,500,000

Tunisia not required 500,000 50,000

Turkey not required US$250,000

Compulsory under Federal Law on Accident Insurance (UVG), introduced on 1/1/84. May be placed with semi-state owned SUVA (which has a monopoly for civil servants and certain other categories), or via private insurers. Certification required

Statutory limits closely follow EU Directives. Current minimum PD/BI is CHF 5,000,000 for cars but most people carry CHF 100,000,000. We require a minimum of CHF 20,000,000


US$ 25,000 may be difficult to obtain other than for engineers

Technically legal liability is unlimited but the state insurer usually offers SYP 300,000 each for BI and PD. We require limits of SYP 1,500,000 BI and SYP 1,000,000 PD

State scheme under the Labor Insurance Act of 1958 as amended in 1995. No certification required

Minimum limits TWD 5,000,000

Compulsory for BI with limit of TWD 1,400,000 per person, unlimited per accident PD is not compulsory. We require TWD 5,000,000 each for BI and PD.

The compulsory coverage is for extremely low limits (US$ 400). We should look for a minimum of US$15,000 PD/BI combined.

Introduced by the Workmens Compensation Ordinance, 1948 as amended and updated by other Statutes (Zanzibar has similar legislation). Limits are extremely low so PA is mandatory. Certification is required.

Minimum Death Benefit equal to 41 x Monthly Salary

Compulsory under the Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Riskd Ordinance 1945 (Tanganyika) and Motor Vehicles (Third Party Risks) Decree 1953 (Zanzibar). BI is unlimited, PD is not compulsory. We require PD cover of US$ 25,000.

The Workmens Compensation Act of 1994 amended in 2002 moved coverage to the State. No certification required

Minimum limit of US$50,000 US$100,000, unless in the medical field where minimum is US$250,000

Statutory limits under Protection of Motor Accident Victims Act of 1992 are very low. We require minimum limits of $25,000 per person, $250,000 per accident for BI and $50,000 PD

State scheme under the Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale. No certification required. (previously Office Beninoise de Securite Sociale). No certification required

Written as Responsabilite Civile du Chef d'Entreprise. Minimum limit CFA 1,000,000,000


The National Insurance Board, established in 1971, only provides limited benefits and WC cover is complementary under the Workers Compensation Act of 1960. Certain benefits were amended under the National Insurance Act of 2004. Certification required.

to be added to the WC policy.

TTD 1,000,000 unless statutory limits higher

Statutory under Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party Risks) Act of 1998. Limits are TTD 1,000,000 per person, TTD 2,000,000per sccident for BI and TTD 1,000,000 PD.

State Scheme - CNSS. No certification required


Statutory is currently unlimited for PD/BI but pending legislation may change this

State Scheme under Law 4772 of 1946 amended by Law 506 of 1964 (SSK). No certification required

Minimum limit of US$50,000 per person, US$150,000 per accident

US$100,000 (contracts under US$10,000, minimum limit US$20,000

Statutory Auto Liability as required by the Road Traffic Act, 1983. The amounts have historically been amended periodically in line with inflation. We requirethat the statutory coverage be increased to a minimum of US$25,000 PD/BI on a facultative basis

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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Turkmenistan not available not available 100,000

Turks & Caicos Islands US$250,000 Not required US$1,000,000

Uganda not required not required 50,000 25,000

Ukraine not required 250,000 50,000

United Arab Emirates to be added to GL policy not required 250,000 100,000

United Kingdom not required GBP 1,000,000

Statutory Limits. Certification required 500,000 not required 5,000,000 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 BI/PD combined

Statutory Limits. Certification required 500,000 not required 2,000,000 not required US$ 500,000 BI/PD combined

Uruguay not required 500,000 100,000

Uzbekistan not required 25,000 10,000

Vanuatu no other information currently available 50,000 25,000

Venezuela to be added to GL policy not required 100,000

Vietnam 1,000,000 not required 50,000 25,000 PD/BI 25.000


US$ 25,000 minimum but might be difficult to obtain without outside reinsurance support

Compulsory but limits are extremely low. We require a minimum of US$ 25,000 PD/BI combined.

State scheme under National Insurance Ordinance and regulations, 1992. No certification required.

US$100,000. Generally placed offshore

Compulsory under the Motor Vehicle (Third Party) Insurance Ordinance, 1991. Limits are US$500,000 BI, US$10,000 PD. We require a minimum of US$50,000 PD.

Statutory under Workers Compensation Act No 8 of 2000. Certification required

Statutory Vehicle Insurance (Third Party Risks) Statute of 1988 has inadequate limits. We require a minimum of US$20,000 PD/BI

The Fund for Social Insurance for Accidents at Work and Occupational Diseases started operation in 2001 as a state scheme. No certification required


Compulsory cover for BI introduced in 1997 and for PD in 2000 but not effective until 1/1/05. Limits are HRY 51,000 BI and HRY 25,000 PD. We require a minimum of US$ 25,000 PD/BI combined.

Strict liability under Federal Law No 12 of 1986. Certification required

Compulsory. BI is unlimited, PD is AED 250,000. Limits acceptable, certification required

State scheme governed by the Social Security and Benefits Act of 1992. No certification required

The Employers Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act of 1969 as amended in 1999 imposes minimum limits of GBP5,000,000. Certification required

GBP 1,000,000. Coverage is often provided on a group basis by professional associations

The Road Traffic Act of 1972 (amended 1989) requires unlimited BI. The Motor Vehicles (Compulsory Insurance) Regulations of 1987 imposes a statutory minimum PD limit of GBP 250,000 although most insurers commonly offer much higher limits. No certification required

USA (excludes Guam, Puerto Rico, Saipan & US Virgin Islands). SERVICES

USA (excludes Guam, Puerto Rico & US Virgin Islands). GOODS

Compulsory under Law 16074 of 1989. Statutory Limits. Certification required

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary (recommended).

Not compulsory, we require a minimum of $50,000 BI/PD combined

Theoretically covered by Social Security. No certification required


Compulsory by Law 122 of 1995 but limits are extremely low. We require a minimum of US$ 50,000 PD/BI

Basically provided by Social Security but certain regions/types of employment have private sector protection under Seguro de Responsabilidad Patronal (RP). We require certification of RP cover or confirmation that it is not applicable

US$ 25,000. Outside reinsurance probably required

Obligatory but limits severely reduced by inflation even though they are denominated in Unidades Tributarias (tax units). We require minimum limits of US$ 25,000 PD/BI combined.


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Injury, PD + Third Party Property Damage)Virgin Islands (British) 1,000,000 not required 1,000,000 500,000

Virgin Islands (US) Not required US$1,000,000

West Bank-Gaza minimum limit US$500,000 not required 250,000 50,000

Yemen to be added to GL policy 100,000 20,000

Zambia not required 250,000 100,000

Zimbabwe not required 250,000 100,000

State scheme for Social Security under Act #17 of the Legislative Council, 1979. No certification required.

The Motor Vehicle Insurance (Third Party Risks) Ordinance of 1961 as amended in 2000 requires US$ 25,000 per person, US$ 75,000 per accident for BI and US$ 30,000 for PD. We require a minimum of US$ 100,000 BI and US$ 50,000 PD.

Compulsory under Title 24 of the Virgin Islands Code, Chapter 254 onwards. This is managed by a state fund (which is said to be underfunded). No certification required.

Minimum Death Benefit 3 x Annual Salary (recommended).

250,000 (may be placed via professional associations).

Compulsory under Title 20 of The Virgin Islands Code, Chapter 47. Limits are US$ 10,000 per person, US$ 20,000 per accident BI and US$ 10,000 PD. We require US$ 300,000 BI and US$ 100,000 PD.

State Fund, no certification required. Administered by National Insurance Institute of Israel under National Insurance Law, 1995

BI is unlimited by Statute. Minimum PD limit of NIS350,000

The Civil Code (Art. 313) imposes a Statutory Limit for Death of one person at YMR560,000. We require certification of coverage with a minimum limit of US$25,000 per event


BI limit as per Workers Comp. We require a minimum per event limit of US$25,000. Standard PD limit of YMR4,000,000 is acceptable

State scheme under the Workers compensation Act # 10 of 1999 and administered by the Workers Compensation Fund Board. No certification required.

Minimum limits of US$ 50,000

Compulsory under the Roads and Road Traffic Act of 1995 but limits are extremely low. We require a minimum of US$ 25,000 PD/BI combined.

The Accident Prevention and Workers' Compensation Scheme, Statutory Instrument 68 of 1990 , was gazetted in terms of the National Social Security Authority Act Number 12 of 1989 and amended by Statutory Instrument 146 of 2004, the National Social Security Authority (Accident Prevention and Workers' Compensation Scheme) (Prescribed Matters) Notice. State scheme, no certification required.

Minimum limits ZWD 100,000,000

1976 Zimbabwean Road Traffic Act as revised in 1996 requires "Act" cover with limits variable by type of vehicle of ZWD 10m. - 20m. BI and ZWD 250k. - 500k. PD. Third Party Liability for excess limits is issued separately. We require a minimum of US$ 25,000 PD/BI

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