year 7 essential knowledge for cycle two 2020-2021

Ambition Determination Respect

Year 7Essential Knowledge for Cycle Two

2020-2021

• Name: ________________________

• Form Group: ___________________


Contents

Page Number

Your Essential Knowledge Booklet and Knowledge Organisers Introduction 1

Using Your Essential Knowledge Booklet for homework and revision 2

How can I become an independent learner? 3

Computing 4-5

Drama 6-7

English 8

French 9

Geography 10-12

History 13

Maths 14-17

Music 18

RE 19-20

Science 21-24

Spanish 25


Your Essential Knowledge Booklet and Knowledge Organisers

Knowledge Organisers contain essential knowledge you must know. This will help you recap, revisit

and revise what you have learnt in lessons in order to remember this knowledge for the long-term.

You must have this Essential Knowledge Booklet for every lesson – it is a key part of your equipment.

Note to parents:

This booklet contains the essential information your child must know if they are to be successful in their learning. The booklet is not a complete record of

everything that will be taught and discussed in lessons, but it contains the foundations of everything your child will learn. Your child will complete much of

their remote learning using this booklet; they will need to learn sections of it and be prepared to recall them when asked to by their class teacher. You can be

of immense help to your child as they seek to learn all the information that follows. For example, you could test them on the sections they have completed

and return to those parts they have struggled to learn. Making this booklet part of your routine at home will have a profound effect on your child’s grades at

school.

Please also consider supporting your child to extend their learning and memorisation of this essential knowledge even further through:

• supporting their independent research of these topics

• encouraging further reading around the subject matter

• taking the opportunity to explore much of this content through trips to museums and exhibitions in London and beyond.

Many thanks in advance for your support.

Miss McAuley and the teachers at Walthamstow Academy

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Using your Essential Knowledge Booklet for homework and revision whilst at home:

1. Read a section of your knowledge organiser

2. Minimise the screen with the knowledge organiser on

3. Write or type out what you’ve remembered on a piece of paper or blank document

4. Maximise the screen and check the knowledge organiser to see if you’re right

5. Repeat this process

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How can I become an independent learner?

• Read actively: Pay close attention to the words you are reading and their meaning.

• Read widely and ambitiously: Your knowledge organiser contains the foundations of knowledge for Assessment Cycle 1. Speak to your teachers and Ms Sutton in the LRC to seek out books, articles or websites you can read to deepen your knowledge of a topic and places you can visit to see what you are learning about in action.

• Different sources: When doing research, try to draw from a variety of different sources. Research is NOT accessing www.wikipedia.org = remember that ANYONE can edit a Wikipedia webpage to say anything they want it to say…

• Be determined: If a task is challenging, don’t give up. Keep at it until you understand what you need to do.

• Seek help where necessary: Asking for support and advice is an important part of independent learning. If you need help, ask for it!

• Discussions: If you want to explore a topic, discuss it with your friends or peers. This could help you think about an aspect of the topic you hadn’t considered before.

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http://www.wikipedia.org/


Computer Science Department - Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser Year 7 - HTML

AUTHOR: JBR – JULY 2020

HTML basic structure

We use basic HTML to create webpages, this code will create a heading and paragraph.<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<title>HTML Tutorial</title>

<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

HTML Navigation

To navigate a webpage we create links using “href”, we then put these in a list using <ul> and <li><ul>

<li><a href="index.html">Index</a></li>

<li><a href="page1.html">Page1</a></li>

<li><a href="page2.html”>Page2</a></li>

</ul>

To attach an image either use the file name or a link to the image.<img src="cat.jpg" alt="Picture of a cat">

HTML key words

1 HTML Hyper Text Mark-up Language

2 Tags Code which commands how a browser displays text and images.

3 Browser Program in which websites are displayed.

4 Hyperlink A piece of text which when clicked takes you to another page.

Align text

Change font colour

Add image

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Computing Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- SCRATCH GAME

Key words

1 Game elements

Each part or feature of your game.

2 Graphics The way things look in your game, sprites and backgrounds.

3 Gameplay How fun and / or challenging your game is to play.

4 Coding The way you have programmed your game using script blocks.

5 Annotation Labelling the features of your game / level.(labelling your design – explaining each element in detail)

6 Success Criteria

What your game needs to have for it to be a success.

7 Objectives The aim / purpose of the game (or level).

8 Broadcast A script used to activate other scripts during a project without needing a user prompt (i.e. a key press or mouse click).

9 Stage The playable area / the screen.

10 Background The image which is like the wallpaper of the stage.

11 Variable A ‘storage box’ used in programming to record data.

12 Sprite A programmable object in Scratch.

13 Script A block of programming code in Scratch.

AUTHOR: JBR JULY 2020

Sprite movement

Sprite movement

Score

Change background

Broadcast

Sprite position

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Drama Department –Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Ernie’s Incredible ‘Illucinations’

2: Performance Evaluation

1 Step 1 ❑ Analyse / identify one positive aspect of performance.

2 Step 2 ❑ Justify why that was effective.

3 Step 3 ❑ Explain its impact on the audience (how it made you feel, expanded your understanding, what it communicated).

4 Step 4 ❑ Analyse / identify one area for improvement.

5 Step 5 ❑ Explain why that was unsuccessful.

6 Step 6 ❑ Suggest a strategy to help improve the work.

Author: SGL – Jan 2021

1: Ernie’s Incredible ‘Illucinations’

1 Alan Ayckbourn ❑ British playwright and director who has written and produced more than 70 full-length plays.

2 1969 ❑ When Ernie’s Incredible Illucinations was written with the intention of being performed by schools.

3 Stage directions ❑ An instruction in the play text indicating how the actor should perform.

4 Multi-role ❑ When the performer takes on the role of more than one character in a play.

6 Sight-read ❑ Performing while reading the play without having learned the lines.

7 Accent ❑ The distinctive way of pronouncing language so that is it associated with a particular place or social class.

8 Staging ❑ The space the play is performed in: proscenium arch, traverse, in the round, promenade.

Proscenium Arch Traverse Thrust In the round

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Drama Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Midsummer’s Nights Dream

3: Scripted performance for assessment: 4: Key terms

1 Vocal emphasis ❑ To give extra weight to or stress key words or lines. This can be achieved either through pitch, volume, length or emotional tone.

2 Heightenedcharacterisation

❑ To strengthen, deepen or intensify the character by creating an extreme emotion.

3 Unrequited love ❑ Affection that isn’t reciprocated; the feelings are not mutual.

Vocal emphasis and heightened characterisation script:

Author: SGL – Jan 2021

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English Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- War Poetry

1 The poems that we will study:

1 Does it Matter? Siegfried Sassoon

2 Dulce et Decorum est Wilfred Owen

3 Anthem for Doomed Youth Wilfred Owen

4 A Dead Boche Robert Graves

2 Subject Terminology

1 Enjambment ❑ the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.

2 Caesura ❑ a pause near the middle of a line through punctuation.

3 Personification ❑ Giving inanimate objects human characteristics/ features.

4 Metaphor ❑ Something representative or symbolic of something else.

5 Simile ❑ Comparing two things using like or as .

6 Plosive Alliteration ❑ the repetition of the short, sharp consonant sounds.The following letters are plosive: t, k, p, b, d, g.

4 Context- To Research:

❑ Why was it called a World War (who was fighting whom)?❑ Conditions in the trenches in World War I.❑ How many lives were lost in battle?❑ How many lives were lost to secondary causes such as disease?❑ Changing public attitudes to warfare as a result of WW1 poems and poets.

AUTHOR: YNI March 2019

3 Key Structure Terminology

1 Rhyme ❑ (of a word, syllable, or line) have or end with a sound that sounds like another.

2 Rhythm ❑ A pattern of stressed and unstressed beats across a poem, including end stops, enjambment and caesura.

3 Rhyming couplet ❑ Two consecutive lines of poetry ending with rhyming words.

4 Blank verse ❑ Poetry which comprises of non-rhyming lines of 10 syllables each.

5 Stanza ❑ A verse of poetry.

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French Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7

AUTHOR: LAS JULY 20209


Geography Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Rivers

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5 TYPES OF EROSION1 Hydraulic action ❑ The sheer force of the water causing erosion.

2 Corrosion ❑ The acids in the water causing erosion.

3 Abrasion ❑ Material carried by the river scrapes along the river bed/banks.

4 Attrition ❑ The river load hits into each other, breaking down into smaller pieces.

6 MEANDERS & OXBOW LAKES – KEY TERMS1 Meanders ❑ The river eroding in a lateral direction (across).

2 Deposition ❑ When the river loses energy and drops the sediment it is carrying.

❑ Happens on inside, slow part of a bend, forming a slip-off slope.

3 Erosion ❑ Happens on the outside, fast part of the bend, forming a river cliff.

4 Oxbow lake ❑ An isolated horseshoe-shaped bend, that forms when two outside bends of a meander meet.

❑ Over time this will dry out and fill with vegetation.

AUTHOR: HJA NOVEMBER 2020

7 FORMATION OF AN OXBOW LAKE

Stage 1❑ Meanders erode laterally,

faster at the outside bend.❑ The neck of land is getting

narrower.

Stage 2❑ Two meanders erode until

the outside bends meet.

Stage 3❑ The river joins up to take a

new, shorter route.❑ This leaves an isolated

horseshoe-shaped bend (the oxbow lake).

8 FLOODPLAINS & LEVEES

1 ❑ When the river floods, the water covers the flood plain.

2 ❑ The transported river material (silt) will be deposited on the land.

3 ❑ Smaller material will travel further out and will provide fertility for the soil.

4 ❑ Heavier material will be dropped on the river bank, forming levees.


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9 CAUSES OF FLOODING1 Physical ❑ Steep slopes.

❑ Impermeable rock.❑ Saturated ground.❑ Snow melt.❑ Heavier than average rainfall.❑ Meanders.

2 Human ❑ Deforestation.❑ Impermeable surfaces, e.g. tarmac and concrete.❑ Urbanisation.❑ Bridges and pinch points.❑ Climate change, leading to changes in intensity of

rainfall and rising sea levels.

10 FLOOD DEFENCES1 Hard engineering

methods❑ Dams and reservoirs – control the flow of the river.❑ Widening and deepening the river – holds more

water.❑ Embankments (levees) – raise the height of river

banks so it can hold more water.❑ Overflow channels – take excess water away from

populated areas.❑ Straightening the channel – allows the river to

move more quickly past certain locations.

2 Soft engineering methods

❑ Afforestation – planting trees to increase interception.

❑ Flood zonation – placing certain buildings in particular flood return periods.

❑ Flood warnings – sirens and messages which warn people to evacuate and move expensive items to safety (e.g. upstairs in their home).

AUTHOR: HJA NOVEMBER 2020

11 RIVER FLOODING IN BOSCASTLE

1 When? ❑ November 2009

2 Where? ❑ Boscastle, Cornwall, South-West England

3 Causes ❑ Physical factors: a massive downpour of rain (1.4 million litres) in 2 hours. The soil was already saturated from previous rain, which increased surface run off.

❑ Human factors: Boscastle has experienced building on flood plains and some deforestation.

4 Impacts ❑ Social: Zero deaths, 6 people injured. 58 properties were damaged, meaning people had to stay in caravans for 6 months during repairs.

❑ Economic: 25 businesses were flooded, costing £25 million in repairs. Four bridges were destroyed, causing a decline in tourism and trading.

❑ Environmental: 75 cars washed into the river, causing fuel to leak into the river and sea, damaging habitats.

5 Responses ❑ Immediate: 7 helicopters sent in to rescue people from roofs of their homes. Community centre used as an evacuation centre, providing food and safety.

❑ Long term: Rivers were widened and deepened, so they could hold more water, and straightened in certain places to give the river a more direct route back to the sea. Car park was rebuilt on higher ground. Wider span bridges were built, so water can pass through.


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History Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- The Norman Conquest

1: KEYWORDS

1 Anglo-Saxons ❑ The people who lived in England before the Normans.

2 Normans ❑ People from a region in North France called Normandy.

3 Bayeux Tapestry ❑ 70 metre long embroidery depicting William's conquest of England.

4 Conquest ❑ Taking control of a place through military force.

5 Motte and bailey castle

❑ First Norman forts built, a symbol of power. They had artificial mounds, a moat and wall for defence.

6 Domesday book ❑ William’s account of who owned what, to raise tax.

7 Feudal system ❑ The structure of society where land was exchanged for service and loyalty.

8 Monarch ❑ A king or queen.

9 Fealty ❑ A pledge of loyalty from a vassal to their lord.

10 Noble ❑ Member of the nobility, land and titles passed down.

11 Barons ❑ The highest rank of medieval society, ruling land directly on behalf of their king.

2: Key themes and features of the Norman Conquest:

1 Continuity and change:

❑ After the conquest William attempted to retain Anglo Saxons in positions of power and provide continuity. However soon rebellion broke out amongst the A-S nobles and William had to act.

2 Bayeux Tapestry:.

❑ This was a symbol of William’s victory over the Anglo-Saxons, a visual reminder that he had defeated Harold G in battle and was the legitimate king. Overall William successfully controlled England through fear, and feudalism.

3 Castles: ❑ When William arrived at Pevensey Castle he brought a castle across the sea to install. This provided his army with security and shelter. Everywhere William’s army went they erected Motte and Bailey castles as a symbol of William’s strength. Especially in the north where there were growing problems.

4 Rebellions: ❑ These escalated soon after 1066 throughout the kingdom. In 1071 Harewood the Wake rebelled in East Anglia and a myth was born although he did not resist for long.

5 Harrying the North:

❑ Rebellion broke out in 1069 north of York. William responded with fury and he burned and massacred the population belonging to the rebels. He killed all their animals and burned their crops which led to thousands of innocent people left starving.

6 Feudalism: ❑ William began replacing Anglo Saxon nobles and bishops with Norman Barons and Bishops. In return for land they promised William an oath of fealty (loyalty). This provided William with security so that he could govern England from Normandy.

7 Domesday survey:

❑ With threat of invasion looming in 1085 William responded by wanting an audit of the wealth of England. He sent commissioners around to every village and the recorded the wealth of every lord in the country including animals; peasants, ploughs and buildings.

3: Timeline of key

eventsAUTHOR: VPA OCTOBER 2020

The Battle of Hastings

October 1066

William is crowned king of

England

December 1066

Harrying of the North

1069

Normans replace Saxon barons &

bishops 1069

Bishop Odocommissions Bayeux

Tapestry c.1077

Domesday book is commissioned

1086

William I dies & William ‘Rufus’

II is King 1088

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Maths Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Fractions and Decimals

AUTHOR: SUR JANUARY 2021

7.08 Techniques for fractions as part of a whole

1 Simplify Fractions Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same number.

2 Mixed numbers Whole number x denominator then add the numerator to your answer.

3 Improper Fractions How many times does the denominator go into the numerator?

7.09 Techniques for adding and subtracting fractions1 Adding and subtracting fractions Common denominators.

2 Adding mixed numbers Whole number + whole number and fraction + fraction.

3 Subtracting mixed numbers Convert to improper.

7.10 Compare and order fractions, fraction/decimal equivalence1 Order fractions Same denominator.

2 Fraction to decimal Make denominator 100.

3 Percentage Out of 100.

4 Percentage to decimal Divide by 100.

5 Ordering fractions decimals and percentage Convert all to decimals first.

7.11 Fractions as an operation1 Fraction of a quantity Divide by denominator and times the answer by numerator.

2 Integer to fraction Write over 1 e.g. 4 = 4

1

3 Numerator = denominator Will always equal to 1 e.g. 4

4=1

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Maths Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser


7.12 Order of Operations1 BIDMAS B: Brackets

I: Indices D DivisionM: MultiplicationA: AdditionS: Subtraction

e.g. 2 + 3 x 2 = 2 + 6 = 8e.g. put brackets to make equation true: 4 + 2 x 8 = 48Ans: (4 + 2) x 8 = 48

7.13 Basic Rules of Algebra1 Multiply ab in place of a × b

2 Collect like terms 3y + 2x in place of y + y + y + x + x

3 Powers aᶾ in place of a × a × a

4 Variable Letter e.g. ‘a’ representing the unknown in an expression.

5 Expressions Collection of numbers, variables and symbols e.g. 3x + 2

6 Equations Has an equals sign e.g. 3x + 2 = 8

7 Inequalities

8 Formula An equation with 2 or more variables.

9 Terms Separated by +, -, x or ÷

7.14 Expand and Factorise1 Expand

bracketsUse ‘bridges’ to open bracketsE.g. expand 6 (x + 2 ) = 6x + 12

2 Factorise Opposite of expanding – add brackets to an expression by finding HCF of both terms.e.g. factorise 6x + 12 = 6 (x + 2)e.g. factorise 6x + 12y + 3 = 3 ( 2x + 4y + 1)

7.15 Substitution & sequences1 Substitution Replace unknown letter with a number

e.g. if x = 2, find: 2x = 2 x 2 = 4x + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7x2 = 22 = 4-x = -2

2 Linear sequence Has a constant term to term rule

e.g. 3,8,13,18 ….. (term to term rule: + 5 )e.g. -1,-3,-5,-7…… (term to term rule: -2 )

3 nth term rule Difference multiplied by n + the 0th term

e.g. 3,5,7,9 nth term = 2n + 1e.g. .3,8,13,18 nth term = 5n-2

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7.16 ANGLES1 Acute Less than 90o

2 Right angle Exactly 90o

3 Obtuse Greater than 90o and less than 180o

4 Reflex Greater than 180o

5 Angles on a straight line add up to 180o

6 Angles around a point add to 360o

7 Vertically opposite angles are equal

8 Angles in a triangle add up to 180o

9 Angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360o

10 Base angles in an isosceles triangle are equal

7.17 POLYGONS

3 Triangle 6 Hexagon 9 Nonagon

4 Quadrilateral 7 Heptagon 10 Decagon

5 Pentagon 8 OctagonAUTHOR: SUR JANUARY 2021

7.17 TrianglesEquilateral • All sides equal

• All angles equal (60o)Scalene • No sides equal

• No angles equalIsosceles • Two sides equal

• Two base angles equalRight-angled • One right angle

• Can be isosceles or scalene

7.17 Quadrilaterals

Square • All sides equal • Two pairs of parallel sides• All angles equal (900)

Rectangle • Opposite sides equal• Two pairs of parallel sides• All angles equal (900)

Rhombus • All sides equal• Two pairs of parallel sides• Opposite angles equal

Parallelogram

• Opposite sides equal• Two pairs of parallel lines• Opposite angles equal

Trapezium • One pair of parallel sides

Kite • Two pairs of adjacent sides equal

• No pairs of parallel sides• One pair of opposite angles

equal


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7.19 COORDINATES1 Co-ordinates (x, y): ❑ They are used to give positions on a

graph.

(x , y)(Along the corridor , up the stairs)

2 Axes ❑ There are 2 axes (x and y).❑ The horizontal axis is the x-axis❑ and the vertical axis is the y-axis.

3 Quadrant ❑ Quadrant: A graph has four different regions called quadrants.

4 Origin ❑ The point (0,0)


7.18 Symmetry and Reflection

1 Line of Symmetry

❑ When a line divides a shape into two pieces which are mirror images of each other.

2 Reflection in a mirror line

❑ When an object is reflected in a line, its size, shape and distance from the line all stay the same.

3 Order of RotationalSymmetry

❑ The order of rotational symmetry of a shape is the number of positions you can rotate (turn) the shape into so that it looks exactly the same


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Music Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- African Drumming

1 Instruments

1 Djembe ❑ A single-headed, goblet-shaped drum that is played with the hands.

2 Dunun ❑ A large double-headed drum played with a stick.

3 Talking drum ❑ A drum played with a hooked stick also containing a string that can be tightened and loosened to alter the pitch.

4 Agogo ❑ A bell-like instrument that can produce two pitches.

5 Shekere ❑ A type of shaker made from a dried, hollowed gourd with beads woven into a net.

2 Musical Features

1 Polyrhythm ❑ The combination of several different rhythms.

2 Call and response ❑ One person shouts or plays a 'call', and the rest of the performers (or audience) respond.

3 Improvisation ❑ Made up on the spot.

4 Ostinato/ostinati ❑ Short repeated pattern/s.

5 Virtuoso ❑ Someone who possesses outstanding technical ability.

AUTHOR: PAD JAN 2021

3 - Rhythm Grids

4 - Djembe Technique (3 sounds)

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RE Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Christianity

1 Christianity1 Bible ❑ Sacred book for Christians containing both the Old

and New Testaments.

2 Church ❑ The Holy People of God, also called the Body of Christ, among whom Christ is present and active.

❑ Members of a particular Christian denomination/tradition.

❑ A building in which Christians worship.

3 Denomination ❑ A branch of the Christian Church e.g. Roman Catholic, Protestant etc.

4 Holy Trinity ❑ The belief that there are three Persons in the One God. The Father, Son and Holy Spirit are separate, but are also one being.

5 Gospels ❑ The message concerning Christ, the kingdom of God, and salvation – the word gospel means “good news.”

2 Jesus1 Parable ❑ A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual

lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.

2 Mission ❑ Literally ‘sent out’. It refers to the duty of Christians to spread the gospel (the good news about Jesus).

3 Saviour ❑ Jesus Christ as the redeemer of sin and saver of souls.

4 Miracle ❑ A seemingly impossible event, usually good, that cannot be explained by natural or scientific laws, and is thought to be the action of God.

5 The new commandment

❑ Jesus said “a new command I give you: love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another.” (John 13:34)

3 Christian beliefs1 Advent ❑ Advent is the time when Christians get ready to celebrate

Jesus’ birth. It begins four Sundays before Christmas and ends with Christmas Day itself. The word ‘advent’ means ‘coming’: it is a period to reflect on God’s coming to earth.

2 Resurrection ❑ The event celebrated on Easter Day of Jesus rising from the dead, an event recorded in all four gospels and the central belief of Christianity.

❑ The form that many Christians believe the afterlife will take, referring to either physical or spiritual bodies.

3 Incarnation ❑ The doctrine (teaching) that God took the human form as Jesus.

4 Redemption ❑ Deliverance of Christians from sin and captivity.

5 Salvation ❑ Saving the soul and deliverance from sin and admission to heaven brought about by Jesus.

4 Christian practices1 Sacrament ❑ Rites and rituals through which a believer receives a

special gift of grace. An ‘outward’ sign of ‘inward’ grace.

2 Baptism ❑ The sacrament through which people become members of the Church. Baptism involves the use of water as a symbol of the washing away of sin. It is a rite of initiation.

3 Communion ❑ A sacrament celebrating the sacrificial death and resurrection of Jesus, observed using bread and wine.

4 Confirmation ❑ A sacrament practised by several Christian denominations. The word means strengthening or deepening a person's relationship with God.

AUTHOR: LHA JANUARY 2021

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RE Department – Cycle 3 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Islam

1 Islam Keywords

1 Islam ❑ Islam is a monotheistic faith. This means that Muslims only believe in one God (Tawhid- There is only one God).

❑ Islam means “peace” and a Muslim is someone who submits him/herself to the will of God.

2 Qur’an ❑ The holy book revealed to Muhammad by the angel Jibril; God’s final revelation to humankind.

3 Mosque ❑ A building in which Muslims worship.

4 Traditions in Islam

❑ Sunni: Muslims who believe in the successorship to Muhammad of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali.

❑ Shi’a: Muslims who believe in the imamate, the successorship of Ali.

5 Hadith ❑ The collection of sayings of the Prophet Muhammad.

6 Shari’ah ❑ Islamic law based on the Qur’an Sunnah and Hadith.

2 Prophets and Angels in Islam

1 Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) ❑ The last and the greatest messenger. ❑ The Prophet Muhammad is the key figure in Islam and

the one who has been the most influential for Muslims. In Islam, he is the Seal of the Prophets sent by God and it is through him that the foundations of Islam were laid down.

2 Ibrahim ❑ Ibrahim fulfilled all the tests and commands given to him by God, and so he was promised to be the father of all nations. In the Qur’an Ibrahim is presented as a role model because of his obedience to God, his kindness and compassions and his refusal to worship idols.

3 Angels ❑ Jibril - He revealed Allah’s words (Qur’an) to Muhammed. He also revealed messages to other prophets. He is known as the angel of revelation.

❑ Mika’il - He rewards righteous people for the good they do during their lives on earth.

4 Islamic Practices

1 Birth Aqiqah Ceremony: This includes shaving of the baby’s hair: the hair is then weighed, and sadaqah (charity) is given dependent upon the rate of silver on the day. An animal sacrifice is also carried out and the baby's name is declared.

2 Life after death (Akhirah)

Muslims believe in Akhirah (life after death). In Islamic belief, a person will be judged by God, who will declare their Akhirah to be in Heaven or Hell, depending on the good or bad deeds they have done.

3 Jihad Jihad (struggle): There are two types, the personal struggle to live a good

life and the struggle to defend Islam against its critics.

4 Khalifa Muslims believe that Allah created humans and trusted every person to be responsible for not only their own lives, but the lives and their family, for the planet, animals, the environment and the rest of humanity.

3 Islamic Beliefs1 The Five Pillars of

Islam 1. Shahadah (Faith): To believe in no God but Allah and

Muhammad (pbuh) is his prophet. 2. Salah (Prayer) : Muslims pray 5 times a day.3. Sawm (Fasting): Muslims fast during the month of

Ramadan.4. Zakah (Almsgiving): Muslims give charity to the poor

(2.5%).5. Hajj (Pilgrimage): Muslims are to perform a pilgrimage

to Makkah at least once in a lifetime.

2 Sunni Islam – The Six articles of faith.

1. Allah is the one and only god (Tawhid).

2. Belief in angels.

3. Authority of the holy books.

4. Belief in Allah’s prophets.

5. Belief in the Day of Judgement.

6. The supremacy of God’s will.

3 Shi’a Islam – The Five principles of religion.

1. Prophethood.

2. Tawhid.

3. The Imamate.

4. The Justice of God.

5. Resurrection.

AUTHOR: LHA JANUARY 2021 20


Science Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7-Reproduction

1 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1 Testes ❑ Produce gametes (sex cells) called sperm.❑ Make male hormones.

2 Glands ❑ Produces a fluid which is mixed with sperm. The mixture of sperm and fluid is called semen.

3 Sperm ducts ❑ Takes the sperm from the testes to the penis.

4 Urethra ❑ Semen passes through this during ejaculation.

5 Penis ❑ Passes urine and semen out of a man’s body.

2 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1 Ovaries ❑ Contain hundreds of undeveloped female gametes (sex cells) called ova (egg cells).

2 Oviducts ❑ Connect the ovary to the uterus; lined with cilia. ❑ Every month an egg develops, becomes mature and

is released from an ovary to the uterus.

3 Uterus ❑ A muscular bag with a soft lining.❑ Where a baby develops until birth.

4 Cervix ❑ A ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus. ❑ Keeps baby in place during pregnancy.

5 Vagina ❑ Muscular tube leading from cervix to the outside of a woman's body.

❑ The penis enters the vagina during sexual intercourse.

3 PREGNANCY AND GESTATION1 Placenta ❑ An organ attached to the uterus lining during pregnancy

which provides the developing foetus with all the nutrients and oxygen it needs to grow.

2 Umbilical cord ❑ The tube which passes blood, oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the foetus through its navel.

3 Foetus ❑ The name given to a unborn baby after 8 weeks of development.

4 Amniotic fluid ❑ Clear yellowish liquid that surrounds and protects the foetus during pregnancy.

5 Fertilisation ❑ The process where the nucleus of a sperm joins (fuses) with the nucleus of an egg to produce a zygote.

6 Embryo ❑ The early stage of the development of a foetus (unborn baby); after the zygote divides a small number of times.

7 Zygote ❑ Fertilised egg cell.

8 Gestation ❑ The period of time for the foetus to fully develop from conception to birth.

9 Stages of Gestation ❑ Fertilisation → Zygote → Embryo → Foetus → Baby →Birth

MHN - NOVEMBER 2018

4 MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1 Menstrual cycle ❑ Cycle lasting approximately 28 days during which the uterus thickens then breaks down and leaves the body if the egg is not fertilised.

2 Menstruation ❑ Also known as a ‘period’.❑ Is the bleeding from the vagina caused by the uterus wall

breaking down. ❑ This takes place between days 1- 5 of the cycle.

3 Ovulation ❑ The release of a mature egg from the ovary. ❑ The egg travels through oviduct towards the uterus on day 14 of

the cycle.

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1 Chemical change ❑ When a substance changes into something new (an irreversible reaction).

2 Physical change ❑ When a substance changes but can return back to its original state (a reversible reaction).

3 Catalyst ❑ A substance which speeds up a reaction without being used up itself.

4 Reactants ❑ Substances that react together.

5 Products ❑ Substances that are made when reactants react together.

6 Chemical equations ❑ Shows the reactants and products of a chemical reaction.

7 Conservation of mass

❑ Explains that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products formed (there is no loss in mass).

8 Combustion ❑ The burning of a substance / fuel.

9 Fossil fuels ❑ Coal, oil, gas – these are made from long-dead plants & animals and can be used as fuels for combustion.

10 Oxidation ❑ Reacting oxygen with a substance to form an oxide.

11 Thermal decomposition

❑ When a reactant is broken down into products using heat.

12 a) Endothermicb) Exothermic

❑ Heat energy being taken in during a reaction.❑ Heat energy being given out during a reaction.

13 a) Acidb) Alkalic) Hazardd) Corrosive

e) Neutral

❑ A substance with a pH below 7.❑ A substance with a pH above 7.❑ Symbol to show how a substance can cause harm.❑ ‘Eats’ away at substances when in contact with them.❑ A substance with a pH of 7.

14 a) Indicator

b) Litmus paper

c) Universalindicator

❑ A substance that shows whether something is acidic or alkaline.

❑ An example of an indicator – changes to red with acid or blue with alkali.

❑ An example of an indicator – changes colour to show how strong or weak an acid or alkali is.

15 pH scale ❑ A range of numbers to show how strong or weak an acid or alkali is (<7 = acid, >7 = alkali, 7 = neutral).

16 Neutralisation ❑ This is what happens when an acid and an alkali react together – they form a salt and water.

17 Salts ❑ The product formed when acids and alkalis or acids and bases react together.

reactants products

Science Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Chemical Reactions

AUTHOR: NCN OCTOBER 2018

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Science Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Forces

1 - KEYWORDS 1 Force ❑ Push or pull

❑ Always act in pairs with each force acting in the opposite direction

❑ Contact or Non-contact

2 Interaction pair ❑ An object exerts a force on another object and vice versa.

3 Moment ❑ The turning effect of a force around a pivot.

4 Moment equation ❑ M = F x d ❑ Moment = Force x distance

5 Elastic material ❑ Will change shape when a force is applied but will return to its original shape when the force is removed.

6 Non-elastic material ❑ Will change shape when a force is applied but will stay in its new shape when the force is removed.

7 Hooke’s Law ❑ The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied to it.

8 Hooke’s Law Equation

❑ F = k e ❑ Force = Spring Constant x Extension

9 Law of conservation of energy

❑ Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transformed from one type to another.

10 Different energy types

❑ Thermal, sound, electrical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, nuclear, chemical, light, kinetic.

11 Deformation ❑ Changes in an object’s shape due to a force being applied.

12 Resultant force ❑ The overall force acting on an object.

13 Velocity ❑ How quickly an object is moving.

KEYWORDS 14 Constant velocity ❑ Moving at the same, steady speed.

15 Stationary ❑ Not moving

16 Balanced forces A pair of forces that are equal in size.

17 Unbalanced forces ❑ A pair of forces where one force is larger than the other force.

18 Limit of proportionality

❑ The point at which an elastic material will not return to its original shape.

AUTHOR: NCN JULY 2019

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Science Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge OrganiserYear 7- Ecological Relationships and Classification

2 - Food chains1 Food chains ❑ A food chain shows the different species of an

organism in an ecosystem, and their feeding relationships.

❑ Usually starts with producers.

2 Producer ❑ Usually a plant, because plants make carbohydrates through photosynthesis.

3 Primary Consumer ❑ Usually a herbivore.❑ These are usually prey for predators.

4 Secondary Consumer

❑ Secondary consumers are usually carnivores. ❑ Carnivores are predators. Predators hunt, kill and eat

other animals.

5 Tertiary Consumer ❑ A Tertiary consumer is at the top of the food chain and known as the apex predator.

❑ Apex predators are prey to no animal. They have no predators who hunt, kill and eat them in their food chain.

AUTHOR: MHN NOVEMBER 2018

1 - Key definitions

1 Environment ❑ All the conditions surrounding a living organism.

2 Habitat ❑ The place where an organism lives.

3 Population ❑ All members of a single species living in a habitat.

4 Community ❑ All populations of different organisms living in a habitat.

5 Ecosystem ❑ The community and the habitat in which organisms live.

6 Consumer ❑ An organism that eats other organisms, usually an animal.

7 Photosynthesis ❑ A process that plants use to make glucose for energy.

8 Herbivore ❑ A consumer that eats only plants.

9 Carnivore ❑ A consumer that eats only animals.

10 Omnivore ❑ A consumer that eats both plants and animals.

11 Predator ❑ An animal that hunts and eats other animals.

12 Prey ❑ An animal that is eaten by a predator.

13 Variation ❑ Differences between organisms of the same species

14 Extinction ❑ When there are no more individuals of a species left.

15 Biodiversity ❑ Having a wide range of different species in an ecosystem.

3 - Natural Selection - model answer to be written in prose.

1 Individuals in a species show variation.

2 Some of this variation is inherited by genes being passed on.

3 Individuals who are best suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

4 The genes that allow these individuals to be successful are passed to their offspring.

5 Over many generations these small differences cause evolution of species.

6 Given enough time, a population may change so much it may even become a new species, unable to reproduce successfully with individuals of the original species.

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Spanish Department – Cycle 2 Knowledge Organiser

AUTHOR: LAS JULY 2020 25

year 7 essential knowledge for cycle two 2020-2021

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